氰戊菊酯残留胶体金免疫层析试纸条研制

应用胶体金免疫层析技术研制出一种准确、快速、简便检测氰戊菊酯农药残留的试纸条.采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金,标记氰戊菊酯单克隆抗体,以硝酸纤维素膜为载体,包被氰戊菊酯抗原作为检测线(T线),包被兔抗鼠IgG抗体作为质控线(C线),经过竞争反应后目测结果.实验结果表明,该快速检测试纸条100%抑制浓度为800 ng/m...     

胶体金试纸条法快速检测纺织品中总铅和总镉含量

建立了一种基于铅、镉单克隆抗体的胶体金试纸条方法,用于快速检测纺织品中总铅、总镉含量,通过加标实验及对实际试样进行测试,探讨了试纸条的灵敏度、准确性和稳定性.结果表明:制备胶体金试纸条时,铅、镉单克隆抗体较佳用量分别为50,45μL;试纸条对纺织品中总铅及总镉含量的检出限分别达5.0 mg/kg和0.625 mg/kg...     

布病胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立

目的建立诊断布病的胶体金免疫层析方法。方法以B.abortus 544A全菌免疫BALB/c小鼠,以杂交瘤细胞技术制备单抗,纯化后以胶体金标记,选择最佳反应模式组装试纸条,并对其进行鉴定。结果已筛选4B8、1G9、1C9和1E24株稳定分泌单抗的细胞株,以其单抗互相配对组合的试纸条均能检出B.abortus 544A菌。其中以1G9为包被抗体、4B8为金标抗体的试纸检测效果最佳,与以B.abortus 544A菌多抗为包被抗体、4B8单抗为金标抗体的试纸对比,检测结果一致,且不与其他菌发生交叉反应。对PCR检测为阳性的70份牛血清样品,两种试纸条检测结果的符合率均为100%。结论所建立的诊断布病的胶体金免疫层析法快速、简便、准确,有望用于布病的诊断。     

呋喃唑酮代谢物单克隆抗体及其新型免疫层析检测试纸条的制备

目的制备呋喃唑酮代谢物AOZ单克隆抗体及其胶体金与荧光淬灭免疫层析试纸条。方法将AOZ衍生成CPAOZ后,与载体蛋白BSA偶联,制备完全抗原CPAOZ-BSA,经皮下多点注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,共5次,取小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,获得稳定分泌特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。利用获得的抗CPAOZ单克隆抗体制备胶体金及荧光淬灭免疫层析试纸条,并对试纸条的灵敏度及特异性进行验证。结果制备的完全抗原经紫外扫描鉴定偶联成功。共获得3株能稳定分泌抗CPAOZ单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,其中效价和特异性最好的1株2H11针对CPAOZ的50%抑制质量浓度(IC50)为0.88 ppb。以该抗体制备的胶体金及荧光淬灭免疫层析试纸条的最低检测限分别为7.5和0.062 5 ppb;两种试纸条与其他3种硝基呋喃类代谢物CPAMOZ、CPAHD、CPSEM均不存在交叉反应。结论成功制备了抗CPAOZ单抗及其胶体金免疫层析和荧光淬灭免疫层析试纸条,两种试纸条均具有较高的灵敏度和较强的特异性,其中荧光淬灭免疫层析试纸条的灵敏度较胶体金免疫层析试纸条高约100倍,具有良好的应用前景。     

犬细粒棘球绦虫感染胶体金检测试纸条的制备

目的制备犬细粒棘球绦虫感染胶体金检测试纸条。方法采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,用于标记抗细粒棘球绦虫Ediag A864单克隆抗体2D12制作金标垫,兔抗细粒棘球绦虫Ediag A864多克隆抗体标记检测线(T线),羊抗鼠Ig标记质控线(C线),制备胶体金试纸条,并进行特异性、敏感性、重复性及稳定性试验。用优化的胶体金检测试纸条对96份犬粪样品(36份参照阳性样,60份临床样品)进行检测。结果制备的犬细粒棘球绦虫感染胶体金检测试纸条与犬蛔虫阳性粪及犬贾第虫阳性粪样品均无交叉反应;粪便稀释度为1∶4时仍可检出正确结果;3次检测参照阳性样本均为阳性;于不同温度(室温、4及37℃)下保存不同时间(1、2、3、4个月)的试纸条均可检出正确结果。96份犬粪便样品中,36份参照阳性样品检出率为97.2%(35/36),60份临床样品均为阴性。结论制备的试纸条具有良好的特异性及稳定性,可应用于临床样品检测及大规模流行病学调查。     

镉离子多克隆抗体ELISA竞争法的初步建立

目的制备抗镉离子螯合物的多克隆抗体,初步建立检测镉离子的ELISA竞争法。方法用双功能螯合剂iEDTA螯合Cd2+后,再与匙血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联,合成完全抗原(Cd-iEDTA-KLH),免疫BALB/c小鼠,获得多克隆抗体。ELISA法检测其抗血清效价、特异性和灵敏度。结果多克隆抗体效价均大于1∶80000;特异性检测结果显示均产生了抗Cd-iEDTA抗体,与OVA、BSA无交叉反应。抗体除与Hg2+有较强的交叉反应外,同等抑制情况下,Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Zn2+与Cd2+浓度相差约1000倍,交叉反应率很低;ELISA竞争法对镉离子的检测限约为50ng/ml。结论初步建立了镉离子的ELISA竞争法,检测限达到无公害的国家卫生限量标准(100ng/g)。     

嗜肺军团菌胶体金检测试纸性能评估

目的 制备嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila,LP)快速检测的胶体金免疫层析试纸，并对其进行性能测试，确保其符合国家临床诊断标准。方法 基于双抗体夹心ELISA法制备LP胶体金免疫层析试纸，并对其交叉反应性、抗干扰性、灵敏度、钩状效应、稳定性等进行测试。结果 LP胶体金免疫层析试纸与呼吸道常见的卡他莫拉菌等22种病原菌均无交叉反应，不受呼吸道内外源干扰物的影响；对LP的最低检测限可达2.00×10⁵cfu/m L，具有良好的灵敏度，无钩状效应；在45℃加速老化以及模拟高温运输、冷冻运输条件下，重复性和稳定性均不受影响，且同一批次内、不同批次间试纸稳定性均良好。结论 制备的LP胶体金免疫层析试纸可实现LP的快速检测，操作简便，具有较好的应用前景和推广价值。     

D-二聚体胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法中包被浓度和标记浓度对其线性的影响

目的探索不同包被浓度和不同标记浓度对D-二聚体胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法线性的影响。方法采用尿激酶裂解纤维蛋白的方法制备D-二聚体标准品,用所制备D-二聚体试纸条对其在金标定量仪上进行检测以建立标准曲线;用此标准曲线对已用罗氏公司的D-二聚体检测试剂盒(免疫比浊法)定值过的血清进行检测,并对这两种结果进行相关性比较。结果①成功建立了D-二聚体胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法的标准曲线,线性范围为0.15625～10 ug/mL,R~2为0.98297;与罗氏公司免疫比浊法检测方法的相关性良好,相关系数R~2为0.98486;②确定出D-二聚体胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法的最佳标记浓度和最佳包被浓度分别为1 mg/mL和1.5 mg/mL。结论本研究成功建立了D-二聚体胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法的标准曲线,且确定出D-二聚体胶体金免疫层析定量检测方法的最佳的包被浓度和最佳的标记浓度。     

胶体金技术测定黄瓜中甲霜灵残留

比较了胶体金试纸法与气相色谱法在检测黄瓜甲霜灵残留中的应用。结果表明,胶体金试纸检测为阴性的样品,经气相色谱检测结果为未检出,阳性样品经气相色谱检测结果与胶体金试纸相一致。与气相色谱法比较,胶体金试纸法检测甲霜灵具有操作简便、直观、快速、省时的特点,其特异性、较高的敏感性,可作为黄瓜中甲霜灵残留现场检测的手段应用。     

人心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白胶体金快速检测试剂条的研制

建立一种以胶体金为基础的心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白质(H-FAB)免疫层析快速检测方法。方法以双抗体夹心的原理研制胶体金免疫层析试纸条,并对其特异性、灵敏度以及临床应用进行评价。最低检出限为10 ng·m L-1;10 min内即可观察结果;检测急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者46例、正常人群85例,试纸条的敏感度为86.96%,特异度为97.65%,约登指数为0.8461,kappa值为0.8633,表明试纸条与临床确定的结果几乎一致。该方法方便、快捷,能有效的检测H-FAB,胶体金免疫层析试纸的研制为心肌梗塞的快速诊断与筛查奠定了基础。     

Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by membrane processes: a comparative study

Wastewater containing copper and cadmium can be produced by several industries. The application of both reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing copper and cadmium ions to reduce fresh water consumption and environmental degradation was investigated. Synthetic wastewater samples containing Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ ions at various concentrations were prepared and subjected to treatment by RO and NF in the laboratory. The results showed that high removal efficiency of the heavy metals could be achieved by RO process (98% and 99% for copper and cadmium, respectively). NF, however, was capable of removing more than 90% of the copper ions existing in the feed water. The effectiveness of RO and NF membranes in treating wastewater containing more than one heavy metal was also investigated. The results showed that the RO membrane was capable of treating wastewater with an initial concentration of 500 ppm and reducing the ion concentration to about 3 ppm (99.4% removal), while the average removal efficiency of NF was 97%. The low level of the heavy metals concentration in the permeate implies that water with good quality could be reclaimed for further reuse.     

Determination of Cadmium(II) in Water and Soil Samples after Preconcentration with a New Solid Phase Extractor

Abstract

A new simple and reliable method has been developed to separate and preconcentrate trace cadmium ion from water and soil samples for subsequent measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Cadmium ions adsorbed quantitatively on Amberlyst 36 cation exchange resin were eluted with a 5 mL of 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution. Different factors and matrix effects for the preconcentration step were examined. The analytical figures of merit for the determination of cadmium are as follows: analytical detection limit, 0.51 µg/L; precision (RSD), 2.9%; enrichment factor, 200; capacity of resin 192 mg/g. The method was applied for cadmium determination in tap water, natural drinking water, soil, and roadside dust samples. The accuracy of the method is confirmed by analyzing standard reference material (Montana Soil, SRM 2711).     

纺织品中铅和镉的含量测定方法研究进展

介绍了纺织品中的重金属铅、镉元素的来源及毒性;综述了纺织品中铅和镉的含量测定方法研究进展;纺织品中铅和镉含量的传统测定方法有原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、高效液相色谱法、电化学分析方法、X射线荧光光谱法、基于显色剂的分光光度法,快速检测方法有固体直接进样技术、基于金纳米颗粒目视比色法、胶体金层析试纸条、生物条形码检测技术;对传统检测方法存在的问题及快速检测技术的发展瓶颈进行了阐述;指出研制试样用量少、耗时短、成本低、简单便捷可靠、便于实现现场快速、准确检测纺织品试样的前处理方法是纺织品重金属铅镉元素安全快检技术的关键点;建议将高效便携仪器及车载仪器,溶剂提取、微波技术等试样快速前处理技术与纺织品快速检测技术联用,以便实现现场快速便捷、灵敏、准确地检测纺织品中重金属铅、镉含量。     

返滴定法测定氯化钾无氰镀镉溶液中氯化镉

制定了氯化钾无氰镀镉溶液中氯化镉的返滴定分析方法,在强酸性和加热条件下用过硫酸铵氧化镀液中的配位剂,使镉离子从配合物中释放出来。用氟化钠掩蔽Al³⁺和Sn⁴⁺杂质,用三乙醇胺掩蔽Fe³⁺杂质。加入过量的EDTA标准溶液配位Cd²⁺,在pH≈9.3的条件下,以铬黑T作指示剂,用硫酸锌标准溶液返滴定EDTA,用差减法计算镀液中氯化镉的质量浓度。结果表明,测定结果的相对平均偏差为0.19%,回收率为98.03%。     

Nature of cadmium cationic sites in cadmium-modified ZSM-5 zeolite according to the DRIFT studies of molecular hydrogen adsorption

The samples of CdZSM-5 prepared by ion-exchange, incipient wetness impregnation, and the interaction of HZSM-5 with cadmium vapor were studied by DRIFT spectroscopy using molecular hydrogen as a probe adsorbed at 77 K. Three different cadmium cationic species were detected. Dicadmium ions most weakly perturb adsorbed hydrogen molecules. They are characterized by a band at 4102 cm⁻¹. Two other kinds of isolated Cd²⁺ sites are characterized by bands at 3982 and 3940 cm⁻¹. The former band was ascribed to isolated Cd²⁺ cations which compensated the negative charges of neighboring aluminum–oxygen tetrahedra. The latter band corresponds to isolated Cd²⁺ cations which compensate the negative charges of distantly separated aluminum–oxygen tetrahedra. The calcination of samples containing species in oxygen converts these species into cadmium oxocations [Cd₂O_x]²⁺. Hydrogen molecules dissociate at room temperature on the isolated Cd²⁺ cations which most strongly perturb adsorbed hydrogen molecules at 77 K.     

Synthesis, ion exchange properties and applications of tin(IV) antimonoarsenate

Crystalline (c-SnSbAs) and amorphous (a-SnSbAs) samples of tin(IV) antimonoarsenate were prepared at different pH values from 0 to 5. Crystalline and amorphous samples, prepared at pH 1 having ion exchange capacities of 1.00 meq/g and 0.90 meq/g respectively, were selected for further studies. The materials show high thermal and chemical stability. Distribution coefficients (K_d values) for 22 metal ions have been determined in demineralised water. Structural studies based on IR, XRD, TGA, DTA are discussed. Some quantitative binary separations such as Mg²⁺–Mn²⁺, Cd²⁺–Mn²⁺, Ba²⁺–Mn²⁺ and Ni²⁺–Cu²⁺ were achieved on a-SnSbAs and ion selective electrodes prepared from c-SnSbAs are reported.     

Gamma-Induced Absorption Bands Associated with Tl+, Pb2+, or Bi3+ in Potassium Borate Glasses

Gamma irradiation of potassium borate glasses containing about 1.8 mole % Tl⁺, Pb²⁺, or Bi³⁺ resulted in two induced absorption bands which the authors call T and L bands. The T band was observed at about 1.1, 1.55, or 1.8 ev, and the L band was observed at about 1.8, 2.6, or 2.7 ev in alkali borate glasses containing Tl⁺, Pb²⁺, or Bi³⁺, respectively. The shifting of the band positions to higher energies was attributed to the increasing polarizing power of these ions as in the case of the F band induced in alkali halides. The effect of the addition of cerium on the intensity of the T and L bands induced in glasses containing lead or thallium and prepared under different melting conditions suggested strongly that these two bands are associated with electron trap centers near these ions.     

浊点萃取-原子吸收法测定水中微量的镉

基于5-Br-PADAP与镉形成稳定的螯合物能被TritonX-114浊点萃取的事实,建立了浊点萃取-原子吸收法测定水中微量的镉的新方法。镉的浓度在0.25～4.00μg/mL内呈线性,检测限为6.7μg/L;相对标准偏差（n=11）为2.7%,加标回收率为98.5%～102.3%。     

高纯,超细SrTiO3中钛锶比的测定

将化学沉淀法制备的ＳｒＴｉＯ３溶于硫酸，加入有Ｈ２Ｏ２存在的４０％乙醇溶液中，加入过量ＥＤＴＡ标准溶液，ＴｉＯ＾２＋形成Ｔｉ－Ｈ２Ｏ２－ＥＤＴＡ络合物，Ｓｒ＾２＋沉淀为ＳｒＳＯ４。钛、锶分离后，用重法测定锶的含量，用Ｃｕ＾２＋离子标准溶液回滴过量ＥＤＴＡ，测定钛的含量。