25Cr2Mo1V钢螺栓在540℃长期使用中变脆的研究

25Cr2Mo1V钢螺栓在540℃长期使用(40000h以上)中变脆是由于含Mo的Fe_3Mo_3C(M_6C)缓慢析出,使铁素体中的Mo含量降低到0.3%Mo左右,不足以抑制P向晶界扩散并富集到8at-%P的程度,从而产生沿晶脆断. 已经变脆了的螺栓经680℃保温处理虽然可以消除P在晶界的富集及沿晶脆断,但是由于铁素体中Mo含量进一步降低到0.2%左右,螺栓在二次使用过程中的变脆倾向加剧.即使再次进行淬火回火处理,可能由于淬火并不能完全去除奥氏体中Mo的不均匀性,螺栓在二次使用时寿命较短.     

EMBRITTLEMENT OF BOLTS MADE OF THE 25Cr2Mo1V STEEL AFTER LONG EXPOSURE AT 540℃

25Cr2Mo1V钢螺栓在540℃长期使用(40000h以上)中变脆是由于含Mo的Fe_3Mo_3C(M_6C)缓慢析出,使铁素体中的Mo含量降低到0.3％Mo左右,不足以抑制P向晶界扩散并富集到8at-％P的程度,从而产生沿晶脆断. 已经变脆了的螺栓经680℃保温处理虽然可以消除P在晶界的富集及沿晶脆断,但是由于铁素体中Mo含量进一步降低到0.2％左右,螺栓在二次使用过程中的变脆倾向加剧.即使再次进行淬火回火处理,可能由于淬火并不能完全去除奥氏体中Mo的不均匀性,螺栓在二次使用时寿命较短.     

铸造Al-Mg-Mn合金的显微组织及力学性能

研究了Mg含量、冷却速度、固溶处理对Al-6.8Mg-0.3Mn、Al-3.8Mg-0.3Mn两种合金力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Mg含量提高,晶界相增多。当Mg含量提高到6.8%时,晶界出现网状组织;随着Mg含量升高,合金强度提高,塑性下降;通过砂型铸造空冷、金属型铸造空冷、金属型铸造淬火来实现不同的冷却速度,发现金属型淬火试样的金相组织中,在晶界附近没有析出网絮状或颗粒状第二相,而强度和伸长率要高于其他两种工艺。两种合金经过430℃×60h固溶处理后,合金的综合力学性能得到大幅度提高。Al-6.8Mg-0.3Mn金属型铸造空冷试样固溶后抗拉强度由280MPa提高到335MPa,伸长率由10.4%提高到20%。     

合金元素对Al-Mg-Si合金机械性能的影响

以Al-Mg-Si合金为研究对象,借助热力学模拟方法分析了过剩Si、Mn含量对Al-Mg-Si合金挤压制品强度、塑性和韧性等性能的影响。结果表明,过剩Si可促进强化相β″均匀析出,提高了合金的强度。但过剩Si易在晶界处聚集偏析,使晶界脆化,降低了合金的塑性和韧性;在时效过程中,合金中的Mn易与Si形成第二相,消耗了部分Si,从而减少了强化相β″数量,导致高Mn合金时效后的力学性能低于低Mn合金,但Mn的细化作用改善了合金的折弯性能。     

高锰钢水韧处理工艺对低温韧性的影响

通过冲击试验，研究了水韧处理质量对高锰钢低温韧性的影响。试验结果表明：少量碳化物沿晶界析出使高锰钢韧性明显下降，冷脆转化温度升高。     

鉻-錳-氮奥氏体耐热鋼的时效脆性

Cr-Mn-N奥氏体耐热钢在时效过程中有变脆的倾向,可能成为高溫长期使用的障碍.本文研究了下列三方面变脆的影响因素:(1)碳和氮含量的增加,促进时效变脆,硼防止时效变脆的作用随C+N含量的增加而減弱.在时间-溫度-等冲击值曲线上出现双C形式,它们与碳氮化物的析出和χ相生成有关.(2)碳、硼及钼等元素在晶界有偏聚现象.碳、钼等元素的偏聚促进沿晶界碳化物析出,加速钢的变脆.硼则有延缓晶界碳化物析出的作用,抑制时效脆性.(3)在长期时效过程中,碳氮化物及中间相的析出引起基体合金元素的贫化,从而降低γ相的稳定性,在形变过程中发生ε及马氏体相变,也会引起钢的变脆.     

THE AGING EMBRITTLEMENT OF Cr-Mn-N AUSTENITIC HEAT-RESISTING STEELS

Cr-Mn-N奥氏体耐热钢在时效过程中有变脆的倾向,可能成为高溫长期使用的障碍.本文研究了下列三方面变脆的影响因素:(1)碳和氮含量的增加,促进时效变脆,硼防止时效变脆的作用随C+N含量的增加而減弱.在时间-溫度-等冲击值曲线上出现双C形式,它们与碳氮化物的析出和χ相生成有关.(2)碳、硼及钼等元素在晶界有偏聚现象.碳、钼等元素的偏聚促进沿晶界碳化物析出,加速钢的变脆.硼则有延缓晶界碳化物析出的作用,抑制时效脆性.(3)在长期时效过程中,碳氮化物及中间相的析出引起基体合金元素的贫化,从而降低γ相的稳定性,在形变过程中发生ε及马氏体相变,也会引起钢的变脆.     

铁基高温合金中μ相和σ相引起的晶界脆化

本文研究了15Cr-25Ni和15Cr-40Ni型铁基高温合金中μ和σ相引起的晶界脆化。在铁基高温合金中当晶界存在少量的μ和σ相时(甚至其含量在0.01—1%间),就会引起合金脆化,其脆化程度与晶界存在的μ和σ相的密集系数成正比关系。冲击试验时的脆化导致沿晶断裂,μ和σ相所引起的断裂机构是完全不同的。减小晶粒尺寸或控制合金化学成分使晶界上的μ和σ相减少或根本不生成,则可以控制或消除合金的脆化效应。     

GRAIN BOUNDARY EMBRITTLEMENT BY μ AND σ PHASES IN IRON-BASE SUPERALLOYS

本文研究了15Cr-25Ni和15Cr-40Ni型铁基高温合金中μ和σ相引起的晶界脆化。在铁基高温合金中当晶界存在少量的μ和σ相时(甚至其含量在0.01—1％间),就会引起合金脆化,其脆化程度与晶界存在的μ和σ相的密集系数成正比关系。冲击试验时的脆化导致沿晶断裂,μ和σ相所引起的断裂机构是完全不同的。减小晶粒尺寸或控制合金化学成分使晶界上的μ和σ相减少或根本不生成,则可以控制或消除合金的脆化效应。     

2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢焊缝冲击性能和显微组织分析

进行了2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢的焊条电弧焊试验,测定其焊缝的成分和冲击吸收功,进行了金相及启裂源观察,对冲击吸收功较低的样品进行脱脆处理.结果表明,冲击吸收功较低的焊缝的Mn,Si,Mo及其杂质元素含量相对较高,Mn,Si,Mo等元素促进杂质元素在晶界上的偏聚,致使晶界性能变坏,断口以沿晶断裂为主,冲击吸收功降低,脱脆处理后,冲击韧性恢复说明焊缝存在高温回火脆性,导致高温回火脆性是由于杂质元素在晶界上的偏聚,因此研制焊条时要严格控制Mn,Si,Mo和杂质元素的含量.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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