淀粉对南极磷虾复合虾糜凝胶品质的影响

为确定淀粉对南极磷虾及南美白对虾复合虾糜凝胶品质的改善作用,以白度值、持水性、弛豫时间T₂、质构特性、凝胶强度、动态流变学特性、微观结构为指标,探究5种淀粉(木薯淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯、乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯和磷酸酯双淀粉)对复合虾糜凝胶品质的影响。结果表明,随着淀粉添加量的增加,复合虾糜凝胶的白度值、自由水含量显著下降(P<0.05),持水性、凝胶强度、硬度等显著升高(P<0.05)。当淀粉添加量为6%时,对复合虾糜凝胶的改善效果最佳。其中,添加木薯淀粉和乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯的复合虾糜凝胶强度分别比空白组提高了703.26和580.67 g·mm,特别是添加乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯使复合虾糜凝胶的持水性提高20.27%,显著改善了复合虾糜凝胶的质构特性并维持了其微观结构的有序性及均一性。综合各项指标,添加6%的乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯可用于改善南极磷虾复合虾糜的凝胶品质。     

南美白对虾与南极磷虾复合虾糜的凝胶特性

为了改善南极磷虾虾糜的品质，该研究以南美白对虾与南极磷虾为原料，按照不同质量比例（0:1、1:1、3:2、7:3、4:1）进行混合，研究了南美白对虾与南极磷虾不同比例对复合虾糜凝胶质构、持水率、蒸煮损失、色泽、流变性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明：纯南极磷虾虾糜形成凝胶能力差，南美白对虾与南极磷虾比例从1:1到4:1，复合虾糜的硬度、凝胶强度和持水率分别增加了18.28%、168.64%和5.55%，储能模量（G''）和损耗模量（G"）显著提高；白度值和蒸煮损失分别降低了4.92%和22.81%。扫描电镜结果显示，随着南美白对虾比例的提高，复合虾糜凝胶的孔洞逐渐均匀，致密。南美白对虾与南极磷虾以3:2的比例混合所得复合虾糜，其凝胶性能最好。研究结果为南极磷虾虾糜制品的开发提供理论支撑。     

不同蛋白粉对南极磷虾混合虾糜凝胶特性的影响

为了提高南极磷虾混合虾糜的凝胶特性,研究大豆分离蛋白粉、分离乳清蛋白粉和蛋清粉对虾糜3D打印特性、凝胶强度、质构特性、持水力、流变学特性、感官特性、热力学特性、蛋白质二级结构含量和微观组织结构的影响。结果表明,三种蛋白粉均能提高混合虾糜的3D打印特性,凝胶强度,弹性模量（G’）和黏性模量（G”）。添加分离乳清蛋白粉虾糜的凝胶强度最高,相比对照组提高了100.15%;添加大豆分离蛋白粉虾糜凝胶的持水力最高,相比对照组提高了20%。差示扫描量热分析（DSC）结果表明蛋白粉的添加可以有效提高混合虾糜凝胶的变性温度和焓值,增强蛋白质的稳定性。扫描电镜结果表明添加蛋白粉虾糜的凝胶网络更加致密,其中添加分离乳清蛋白粉虾糜凝胶的孔洞分布更加均匀。结合感官评定,蛋清粉能够提高南极磷虾混合虾糜的凝胶特性和整体接受度,研究结果可为提升南极磷虾糜及其制品的品质提供理论依据。     

基于质构特性对复合虾糜凝胶性能的优化

目的：促进南极磷虾的精深加工,丰富虾糜制品的种类。方法：以南极磷虾肉与南美白对虾肉为主要原料,添加蜡质玉米乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯、蛋清粉、大豆分离蛋白、谷氨酰胺转氨酶等辅料,通过单因素试验以及响应面试验,得出虾丸的最佳制作配比。结果：虾丸的最佳制作配比：蜡质玉米乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯添加量为6.00%,蛋清粉添加量为5.00%,大豆分离蛋白添加量为5.00%,谷氨酰胺转氨酶添加量为0.50%,魔芋胶添加量为0.20%。结论：采用二段式加热的方式制作复合虾糜凝胶,通过添加外源添加剂,在改良复合虾糜凝胶质构特性的同时可以保证营养价值。     

南极磷虾糜应用于鱼糜制品的工艺及机理

为探究南极磷虾糜的高值化利用模式,对其应用于鱼糜制品加工的关键工艺及机理进行研究。以质构、色泽、持水性、感官风味为指标对磷虾糜添加状态、添加量和功能性辅料添加量进行研究;结合SDS-PAGE、蛋白质组分和蛋白酶活力分析工艺及机理。分别将20~60份生/熟磷虾糜和100份鱼糜制作鱼糜制品,熟磷虾糜样品凝胶强度为527~885 g·cm,生磷虾糜样品凝胶强度小于226 g·cm或无法形成凝胶。SDS-PAGE表明,生磷虾糜使鱼糜肌球蛋白重链(200 ku)和肌动蛋白(43 ku)在加工过程中发生严重降解,尤其是40℃凝胶和93℃熟化的加热过程。蒸煮能使磷虾糜水溶性蛋白和蛋白酶受热变性,是磷虾糜应用于鱼糜制品加工的必要预处理。通过单因素试验和响应面优化,鱼糜制品色泽和感官风味在添加80份熟磷虾糜时均达理想水平,再以功能性辅料(7.91份大豆分离蛋白、5.38份马铃薯淀粉和0.46份卡拉胶)对其质构、持水性进行改良。最佳熟磷虾糜、功能性辅料添加参数下制作的鱼糜制品,其凝胶强度达(534.35±24.77)g·cm,并具有均匀、致密的微观结构。     

罗非鱼与海水鱼制备混合鱼糜的凝胶特性研究

通过研究罗非鱼、五种海水鱼(海鲈鱼、黄花鱼、金鲳鱼、红三鱼、马鲛鱼)、鸢乌贼鱼糜的凝胶特性,筛选凝胶特性强的鱼糜与罗非鱼鱼糜复配,以提高罗非鱼混合鱼糜的凝胶特性。通过比较五种海水鱼和鸢乌贼鱼糜的凝胶特性(凝胶强度,白度,盐溶性蛋白含量,巯基含量),得到海鲈鱼的凝胶特性较好,凝胶强度为4569.27 g·mm,盐溶性蛋白含量为48.17 mg/mL。将海鲈鱼与罗非鱼混合,当海鲈鱼添加量为25%时,混合鱼糜的凝胶强度、盐溶性蛋白含量、白度分别为2585.10 g·mm、29.73 mg/mL、72.62%,比单一的罗非鱼鱼糜分别提高了27.3%、63.8%、5.2%,而巯基含量无显著影响。因此,添加25%海鲈鱼能够较大程度地提高罗非鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性,为罗非鱼混合鱼糜制品的开发奠定了基础。     

不同淀粉对淡水鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

为确定磷酸酯双淀粉、木薯淀粉和马铃薯淀粉对淡水鱼糜凝胶品质的影响,以鱼糜的凝胶强度、硬度、凝聚性、弹性、胶黏性和咀嚼性为测定指标,初步探究3种淀粉对淡水鱼糜凝胶的影响。结果表明,添加3种淀粉均可以显著提高淡水鱼糜凝胶的凝胶强度、硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性,但是对淡水鱼糜凝胶的凝聚性和弹性影响不显著。3种淀粉中,磷酸酯双淀粉对淡水鱼糜凝胶的凝胶强度影响最大,添加量为20%时,淡水鱼糜凝胶的凝胶强度提高了70.75%;马铃薯淀粉对淡水鱼糜凝胶的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性影响最大,添加量为20%时,淡水鱼糜凝胶的硬度提高了71.77%,胶黏性增加至28.45N,咀嚼性提高了2.7倍。     

南极磷虾肉糜对海水鱼糜制品挥发性风味成分的影响

将南极磷虾肉糜分别添加到3种海水鱼糜(白姑鱼糜、带鱼糜和杂鱼糜)中制成复合鱼糜制品;采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术结合相对气味活度值(ROAV)法,分析磷虾糜添加对海水鱼糜制品挥发性风味成分的影响。添加磷虾糜能增加鱼糜制品中挥发性成分的种类;磷虾糜中低感觉阈值的醛类和含硫化合物则能改变鱼糜制品的关键风味成分。白姑鱼糜制品中ROAV10的关键风味成分为(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛、癸醛和辛醛;而来源于磷虾糜的二甲基三硫醚和3-甲基丁醛在磷虾糜-白姑鱼糜复合鱼糜制品中的ROAV分别达到97.30和25.95,对复合鱼糜制品的整体风味贡献巨大。磷虾糜和不同海水鱼糜复合加工成的复合鱼糜制品均以虾香、甜香味为主,且具有相似的关键风味成分组成;(E,Z)-2,6-壬二烯醛、二甲基三硫醚、癸醛和3-甲基丁醛是3种复合鱼糜制品共有的特征性风味成分。     

脱氟南极磷虾虾糜与大豆分离蛋白双螺杆挤压重组工艺研究

以冷冻南极磷虾为原料,制备一种平均氟含量为79.79 mg/kg干重的脱氟南极磷虾虾糜(AKS)。将脱氟虾糜与大豆分离蛋白(SPI)混合物料经双螺杆挤压作用进行蛋白质重组,以组织化度为指标,研究物料水分、机筒Ⅳ区加热温度、螺杆转速以及进料速度等工艺参数对组织化产品特性的影响,并用响应面分析优化工艺,得到虾糜-大豆分离蛋白组织化的最优工艺:混合物料水分为40%(虾糜:大豆分离蛋白=4:5),机筒一至四区的加热温度分别为70、90、120、140℃,螺杆转速为180 r/min,进料速度为30 kg/h,制备得到组织化度为2.18的暗红色条状组织化产物。     

食源性蛋白酶抑制物的筛选及对白鲢鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

为筛选食用安全并具有蛋白酶抑制作用的食源性物料,本文以白鲢鱼糜为研究对象,在明确了温度、水分对凝胶劣化过程影响的基础上,采用质构分析、持水率测定等评价方式对多种食源性物料的添加效果进行对比,并对有效物料进行了添加量和添加形式的研究。结果显示:60℃为白鲢鱼糜凝胶劣化的最适温度,凝胶强度随水分含量的增加而降低,当水分含量大于81.0%(w/w)时下降趋势尤为明显;鱼籽对蛋白酶的水解过程有浓缩依赖性抑制作用。添加0.5%(w/w)新鲜鱼籽的鱼糜制品凝胶强度达到峰值,较空白样品提高了27.97%;冷冻干燥对鱼籽的抑制效果影响较小。     

Effect of soy protein isolate on gel properties of Alaska pollock and common carp surimi at different setting conditions

The effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) on the gel properties of different grade Alaska pollock and common carp surimi at different setting conditions were evaluated and compared. Breaking force and distance of gels decreased with increasing SPI concentrations in direct cook (85 °C for 30 min) and in cook after setting at 30 °C for 60 min conditions. The effect of SPI on gel strength of common carp surimi was less than in Alaska pollock surimi. The breaking force obtained for addition of 10% SPI to Alaska pollock surimi was higher than for surimi alone when cooked after incubation at 50 °C for 60 min. Addition of SPI decreased the whiteness and increased the yellowness of the gel. The gel structure showed that the addition of SPI modified the microstructure of the fish protein gel, thus resulting in surimi with different gelling properties. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Functional Protein Additives in Surimi Gels

Medium-grade Alaska pollock surimi was used to investigate the effects of functional protein additives on texture and colors. Torsion failure and differential scanning calorimetry tests were applied to measure gel strength, gel deformability, and calorimetric properties. CIE Lab color values were also measured. Shear stress values of gels and peak temperature of DSC thermograms were all increased. Shear strain, a good indicator of protein-protein interaction, was increased only by addition of egg white and beef plasma protein. Yellowness (b*) values were affected by all additives except frozen egg white. Whiteness index (L*-3b*) was a more effective indicator to differentiate additives.     

Effect of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma protein on the gelation of Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Surimi

ABSTRACT:  The effect of rainbow trout plasma protein (RPP) on the gelation of Alaska pollock surimi was determined to evaluate the possibility of its commercialization as a new protein additive. For modori gel, the breaking force, deformation, whiteness, and water holding capacity increased as the addition amount of RPP (0 to 0.75 mg/g) increased, and decreased at higher concentration of RPP (0.75 to 1.50 mg/g) ( P < 0.05). Protein solubility of modori gel in the mixture of SDS, urea, and β-mercaptoethanol decreased as the addition amount of RPP increased up to 0.75 mg/g, and increased at higher concentration of RPP (0.75 to 1.50 mg/g) ( P < 0.05). The contents of trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide decreased as the addition amount of RPP (0 to 1.50 mg/g) increased ( P < 0.05). Based on the result of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), most myosin heavy chain of surimi was not degraded when RPP was added. Thus, RPP was supposed to act as a protease inhibitor in the gelation of Alaska pollock surimi. An RPP of 0.75 mg/g was the optimal concentration to prevent the gel weakening of Alaska pollock surimi. Compounds with molecular weights less than 10 kDa in RPP had no significant effect on the gelation of Alaska pollock surimi based on the result of the dialyzed RPP.     

Effect and synergy of different exogenous additives on gel properties of the mixed shrimp surimi (Antarctic krill and white shrimp)

The object of this study was a high-protein Antarctic krill ball which was made of mixed shrimp surimi (Antarctic krill and white shrimp). The effects of four different exogenous additives on gel properties and spatial structure of mixed shrimp surimi systems during processing were investigated by texture profile analysis, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and rheology analysis, according to product formulation and processing conditions. Different exogenous additives improved distinctly the mixed shrimp surimi system. The use of the four exogenous additives combined had a synergistic promotional effect. Acetylated distarch adipate, egg white powder and soy protein isolate played a vital role in producing high-protein Antarctic krill balls. The relatively limited improvement of transglutaminase could be attributed to processing temperature and the presence of autolytic enzymes originated intrinsically from Antarctic krill surimi.     

鱼骨粉对金线鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

以狭鳕鱼鱼骨为研究对象,采用球磨机制备微细鱼骨粉,测定其粒度、化学组成、表面元素和微观结构;并分析鱼骨粉的添加量对金线鱼糜凝胶白度、凝胶强度、质构特性、水分横向弛豫时间T_2、持水性及微观结构作用的变化规律。结果表明:鱼骨粉氨基酸种类齐全,钙、磷含量丰富,且比例接近人体骨骼的钙磷比;单因素试验结果显示鱼骨粉添加量为0.75%时,鱼糜的凝胶特性最好,但是添加1.00%和0.75%的鱼骨粉对鱼糜凝胶特性的影响不显著,结合微观结构,选择1.00%为鱼骨粉的适宜添加量,在有效改善鱼糜凝胶特性的同时提高鱼糜制品的钙含量。     

Comparison of Gel Properties of Surimi from Alaska Pollock and Three Freshwater Fish Species: Effects of Thermal Processing and Protein Concentration

ABSTRACT The gel strength of surimi made from Alaska pollock, common carp, grass carp, and silver carp was determined and compared for different incubation temperatures and periods. Gel strength and setting of the 3 freshwater fish species were inferior to that of Alaska pollock. Effects of the protein concentration, heating temperature and heating period on the gel strength were evaluated and compared utilizing the response surface methodology. Models for the breaking force and breaking distance of the surimi of the 4 species were established. Protein concentration was the major factor affecting the gel strength. Effects of heating temperature and heating period had differed somewhat among the surimi of the 4 species.     

Gelation of Surimi by High Hydrostatic Pressure

The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on gel strength of Pacific whiting and Alaska pollock surimi were determined by torsion. Pacific whiting gels were made with and without 1% beef plasma protein (BPP) as protease inhibitor. HHP treated whiting (1% BPP added) and pollock gels showed greatly increased strain values at all pressure/temperature combinations compared with heat-set controls. Stress values for the same samples were variable depending on treatment and species. A three-fold increase in strain and stress was found for HHP treated whiting gels made without inhibitor.     

Sodium Asocorbate Affects Surimi Gel-forming Properties

Effect of sodium-L-ascorbate (SA) on the gel-forming properties of Alaska pollock surimi was studied with respect to optimum level, surimi quality, gel setting, vacuum chopping, freeze-thaw and thermal stabilities, and salt and moisture levels. SA significantly improved gel cohesiveness and sensory firmness of fiberized products with maximum strengthening effect at a 0.2% level. Its effectiveness was directly related to surimi quality regardless of vacuum treatment indicating the unimportance of airborne oxygen. Freeze-syneresis promoted by ascorbatc during frozen storage was moderated by the use of hydrox-ypropylatcd-modified starch.