不同豇豆中酚类含量与抗氧化活性

为深入了解豇豆的营养价值,以11个不同品种的豇豆样品为原料,对其总酚含量、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(总还原能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力、·OH清除能力)进行分析,并讨论酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,不同品种的豇豆酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性差异显著。在测定的样品中,新杂1号表现出最高的总酚含量(5.59 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(4.12 mg CAE/g)及抗氧化活性(总还原能力和DPPH自由基清除能力);豇豆中总酚含量、总黄酮含量与总还原能力、DPPH自由基清除能力之间有极显著相关性(P0.01),与·OH清除能力之间没有显著相关性。     

小麦苗活性成分及抗氧化、抑制亚硝化能力分析

为研究小麦苗活性成分含量及其抗氧化、抑制亚硝化活性,选择4种鄂小麦麦种水培麦苗,采用化学分析方法、光谱分析方法测定其主要活性成分含量。通过自由基清除率、还原力测定法研究抗氧化能力,通过亚硝酸盐清除率、亚硝酸胺合成阻断率研究其抑制亚硝化能力。结果显示,小麦苗中还原糖含量1.806%～2.628%,多酚0.758%～0.876%,甜菜碱0.170%～0.302%,维生素C 30.847～42.560 mg/100 g,叶绿素234.814～383.657 mg/100g,SOD酶440.327～528.463 U/g,可溶性固形物4.495%～5.495%,其中352和596麦苗营养价值较18、251营养价值高。4种小麦苗均具有较强的抗氧化、抑制亚硝化活性,其中352号清除O2-·和DPPH·自由基的能力最强,596号清除ABTS+·自由基能力和还原力能力最强,并具有最强的抑制亚硝化能力,其次为352号,18号和251号稍差。小麦苗营养成分丰富,具有较强的抗氧化、抑制亚硝化能力。     

藜麦粉营养成分及抗氧化活性研究

以不同藜麦品种的原粮粉与脱皮粉为实验材料,对其主要营养成分、总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,不同藜麦品种的营养成分存在一定差异。3种原粮粉的粗蛋白、总淀粉含量显著低于脱皮粉,灰分含量显著高于脱皮粉(P0.05);原粮粉与脱皮粉的之间粗脂肪、粗纤维含量没有明显差异。原粮粉中总酚、总黄酮及皂甙含量均高于脱皮粉,格尔木原粮粉的总酚(1.70 mg GRE/g)、总黄酮(2.08 mg RE/g)及皂甙(10.38 mg OAE/g)含量最高,海藜脱皮粉的总酚(1.13 mg GRE/g)、总黄酮(0.76 mg RE/g)及皂甙(6.55 mg OAE/g)含量最低。不同品种间脱皮粉及原粮粉的抗氧化活性存在显著差异(P0.05),藜麦原粮粉提取物的总抗氧化能力、DPPH·清除能力、ABTS~+·清除能力、铁离子还原力(FRAP)均显著高于脱皮粉(P0.05)。     

红托竹荪菌托和冬荪菌托的营养价值评价及抗氧化能力分析

目的 对红托竹荪菌托和冬荪菌托的营养成分和生物活性成分进行测定,并对其进行营养价值评价和抗氧化能力分析。方法 分别对基本营养成分、氨基酸含量、类黄酮和总酚进行了测定,采用国际通用标准对其蛋白质营养价值进行评价,通过ABTS自由基法和DPPH自由基法测定其体外抗氧化能力。结果 两种鬼笔科食用菌菌托中含有丰富的蛋白质、粗纤维、氨基酸及8种人体必需氨基酸。菌托中的EAA/TAA和EAA/NEAA比值均高于FAO/WHO的推荐模式值,有3-5种必需氨基酸的AAS分值高于FAO/WHO标准蛋白模式值。两种食用菌菌托的呈味氨基酸均以鲜甜味为主,谷氨酸含量最高,蛋氨酸是其第一限制氨基酸。对比发现,竹荪菌托中的蛋白质含量、总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和呈味氨基酸分别是冬荪的2.77、2.83倍、2.85倍和2.75倍,EAAI、BV和NI值均高于冬荪菌托。此外,竹荪菌托中类黄酮含量、总酚含量大于冬荪菌托,可以解释竹荪菌托具有较强ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基清除能力的原因。结论 红托竹荪菌托比冬荪菌托具有更高的营养价值和生物活性。     

三斑海马水提物抗氧化活性研究

本文探讨三斑海马小分子水溶性提取物的抗氧化能力。以三斑海马干燥体粗粉为原料,经95%乙醇回流提取,系统溶剂提取获得不同极性提取物,并对水提物进一步分离及抗氧化活性评价。经Sephadex G-10凝胶过滤层析分离得到6个组分。对组分清除DPPH自由基,超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基能力,总还原力等抗氧化能力以及总氨基酸和总酚含量进行测定和评价。实验结果表明,在分离获得的6个组分中FrⅣ的DPPH自由基清除活性最高,其IC50=0.25 mg/m L。FrⅣ的总还原力较高,羟基自由基清除活性及铁离子螯合能力最强。表明三斑海马小分子水溶性提取物的抗氧化活性与总酚、总氨基酸、小分子肽的含量和类型密切相关。     

丹贝果蔬颗粒的研制及抗氧化活性研究

丹贝由少孢根霉发酵大豆而成，具有较高的营养价值。该研究以丹贝粉和果蔬粉为原料，以食盐和白砂糖为辅料，经复配、制粒、烘干等工艺研制一种丹贝果蔬颗粒。丹贝果蔬颗粒的配方为紫薯粉与丹贝粉添加比例3∶7,食盐添加量3%,白砂糖添加量7%;沙棘粉与丹贝粉添加比例1∶6,食盐添加量3%,白砂糖添加量3%。其ABTS自由基清除能力分别为12.75,11.34 mg TE/g DW,DPPH自由基清除能力分别为3.86,0.85 mg TE/g DW,铁离子还原能力分别为5.35,0.93 mg TE/g DW,总酚含量分别为3.07,2.15 mg GAE/g DW,总黄酮含量分别为2.29,0.20 mg CE/g DW。优化后的丹贝果蔬颗粒丰富并改善了丹贝颗粒的风味，提高了抗氧化活性，为丹贝衍生产品的开发提供了新思路。     

荸荠皮总黄酮的纯化及其抗氧化活性研究

利用大孔吸附树脂纯化荸荠皮总黄酮,探讨总黄酮的纯化条件,并通过总抗氧化性能试验、ABTS试验和DPPH试验评价了总黄酮抗氧化活性。试验结果表明,用乙醇水溶液梯度洗脱D101大孔吸附树脂,获得纯度高、抗氧化活性好的荸荠皮总黄酮,黄酮收率为58.52%,纯度为70.64%。所得总黄酮具有良好的还原能力,为0.60 mmol TE(Trolox当量)/g,和良好的ABTS·+、DPPH自由基清除活性,IC50分别为1.86、0.49 mmol TE/g,其中ABTS·+自由基清除性能均大于对照物Trolox和芦丁,DPPH自由基清除性能大于芦丁。     

食叶草的营养活性成分含量及生物活性分析

为探究食叶草的开发应用价值,测定了食叶草中的主要营养成分和活性成分含量,并通过检测食叶草提取物对自由基的清除能力、还原力和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制能力,探究食叶草的抗氧化和降血糖活性。结果表明:食叶草中的总蛋白含量高达34.70 mg/100 mg (干重),必需氨基酸含量和药用氨基酸含量分别占总氨基酸含量的45%和65%,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)超过68,表明食叶草具有较高的营养保健价值;总酚含量、总黄酮含量和超氧化物歧化酶比活力分别为11.35 mg GAE/g (干重)、3.56 mg RE/g (干重)和15.24±3.40 U/mg pro;苹果酸和草酸是食叶草中最主要的有机酸(～89.24%);食叶草提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和2,2-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为0.465 mg/mL和0.066 mg/mL,当还原力(吸光值)达到0.5时的提取物浓度(IC_0.5)为0.528 mg/mL,且α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制效果较好,体现出良好的抗氧化...     

不同类型腐乳氨基酸组成分析与营养价值评价

采用氨基酸分析仪测定三种不同类型腐乳(白腐乳、红腐乳和臭腐乳)样品的氨基酸种类和含量,并应用氨基酸比值系数法,以WHO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,对必需氨基酸的组成进行了评价。结果表明:三种不同类型腐乳的必需氨基酸组成及含量基本相同,亮氨酸是腐乳中主要的必需氨基酸成分,蛋氨酸和缬氨酸是含量较低的必需氨基酸。依据WHO/FAO必需氨基酸参考模式,在其各种必需氨基酸中,三种不同类型腐乳第一限制氨基酸均为缬氨酸。根据氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)的高低,不同腐乳类型其蛋白质营养价值高低的顺序为:白腐乳(SRC=53.40)>红腐乳(SRC=52.39)>臭腐乳(SRC=43.17)。     

响应面法优化提取珍珠花抗氧化总黄酮及其成分分析

以珍珠花为原料,采用单因素结合响应面法优化珍珠花抗氧化活性总黄酮超声辅助乙醇提取工艺,分别采用ABTS法、DPPH法和FRAP法评价总黄酮体外抗氧化能力,运用超高效液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱鉴定珍珠花抗氧化活性总黄酮化学成分并测定主要化合物含量。结果表明：珍珠花抗氧化活性总黄酮最佳提取工艺为乙醇体积分数70%、液料比40:1、提取时间120 min、超声时间30 min,总黄酮含量(65.23±0.06)mg RT/g DW;ABTS⁺自由基清除能力TE当量值为(0.16±0.01)mmol TE/g,清除DPPH自由基IC₅₀值为(72.00±2.00)μg/m L,铁离子还原能力(0.37±0.02)mmol Fe²⁺/g。从提取物中鉴定到5种化合物,分别是咖啡酸、芥子酸、金丝桃苷、异槲皮苷、紫云英苷,其中紫云英苷含量为(507.55±0.04)μg/g DW。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.