二戊基二硫代氨基甲酸锑的抗磨机理

为了进一步弄清润滑油添加剂二戊基二硫代氨基甲酸锑(SbDTC)在金属表面的摩擦化学行为,在实验室合成了SbDTC,利用四球试验机研究了其极压和抗磨性能,采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)对边界润滑状态下形成的磨斑及磨斑表面典型元素的组成、化学状态和含量进行了分析.结果表明,SbDTC具有较好的抗磨性能和承载能力,其主要原因可能是其在摩擦过程中与金属表面作用,生成了由Sb_2O_3,FeS,Fe_2O_3和含氮有机物组成的边界润滑膜,起到了缓冲载荷和抑制磨损的作用.     

有机锌盐橡胶硫化促进剂作用机理研究进展

介绍了2-巯基苯并噻唑锌、烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、黄原酸锌和烷基二硫代磷酸锌时天然橡胶硫化的作用机理.促进剂的催化活性主要源自促进剂与硫磺等形成高硫化活性的交联先驱体.硫化过程中,多硫交联键形成后,至少存在交联、脱硫和降解3种竞争反应,这些竞争反应的程度与促进剂种类和用量有关.促进剂的催化活性不仅影响交联键的形成而且影响交联键的脱硫和降解.促进剂活性越大,硫化速度越快,但交联键脱硫和降解也越快,硫化返原越快.     

RAFT聚合法合成聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯

以甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)为单体,二硫代苯甲酸异丙苯酯(CBD)为链转移剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合法合成了聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PDMAEMA)。利用红外光谱、核磁共振和凝胶渗透色谱对PDMAEMA进行了表征,同时考察了聚合反应时间和温度、引发剂和链转移剂的浓度对聚合反应的影响。结果表明,随着聚合时间延长,单体转化率和聚合物相对分子质量增加,聚合反应动力学曲线呈很好的线性关系,相对分子质量分布窄;随着[CDB]/[AIBN]比例的增大,聚合反应速率、相对分子质量及其分布均下降;当聚合温度升高时,单体转化率和聚合物相对分子质量增加。     

O，O’-二苯基二硫代磷酸-N，N-二乙铵的合成及其缓蚀性能

为开发新型缓蚀剂,拓展O,O’-二烃基二硫代磷酸盐的应用领域,合成了O,O’-二苯基二硫代磷酸-N,N-二乙铵（DEDBDP）,采用失重试验和电化学方法研究了DEDBDP在HCl介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀性能,结果表明：DEDBDP是一种优良缓蚀剂,（25±1）℃,5％HCl溶液中,DEDBDP浓度为120mg／L时,缓...     

吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵对黄铜在3%氯化钠溶液中的缓蚀性能

目前,对吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDTC)缓蚀性的研究不多,而有关其对黄铜在3%NaCl溶液中的缓蚀未见报道。采用失重、电化学方法考察了3%NaCl溶液中APDTC对黄铜的缓蚀性能。结果表明:APDTC对黄铜的缓蚀有一最佳浓度,刚开始随着APDTC浓度的增加,APDTC对铜的缓蚀作用不断增大,在6mg/L时缓蚀效率最大可达85%,随着浓度的进一步增加,缓蚀效果反而有所下降;APDTC对黄铜的缓蚀作用同时抑制了阳极反应过程和阴极反应过程。     

软丁腈橡胶(N41)新型平衡硫化体系研究

通过对配合体系的探究,构建以硫载体二硫化二己内酰胺(DTDC)、硫化促进剂、硅烷偶联剂及硫磺为主体的新型平衡硫化体系;软丁腈橡胶(N41)应用这种新型的平衡硫化体系,拉伸强度最好可达29MPa,断裂伸长率超过500%,通过改变促进剂、硫磺和DTDC用量,分析各项物理机械性能,比较不同硫化体系下的动态性能,探究这种平衡硫化体系在软丁腈橡胶中的应用。     

聚苯并咪唑树脂的合成与性能

聚苯并咪唑因其具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、阻燃、以及良好的力学性能、介电性能等多种优异性能而备受关注。我们合成了数种未见报道的新型聚苯并咪唑树脂,并用FT-IR、TGA、DSC进行了表征。在研究中我们对四胺合成路线进行了优化,改进了水解以及还原反应。实验以4,4’-二氨基联苯和邻硝基苯胺为原料合成了3,3’-二氨基联苯胺、3,3’,4,4’-四氨基二苯甲烷两种单体,通过两种单体与多种二元羧酸进行聚合制备了两个系列的聚苯并咪唑,在这些聚合物中我们选取了12种聚合物对它们的溶解性、耐热性进行了深入研究,多种数据显示这两类聚合物具有非常优异的热稳定性。     

二硫代酯对SiO2表面甲基丙烯酸甲酯可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合的影响

采用不同结构的可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)试剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,在乙烯基改性SiO2表面进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝聚合。RAFT试剂的R基团和Z基团对接枝聚合的影响很大。R基团皆为苄基时,二硫代新戊酸苄酯调控SiO2表面甲基丙烯酸甲酯的接枝聚合速率较高;R基团皆为1-苯基乙基时,苯基二硫代乙酸-1-苯乙酯调控SiO2表面甲基丙烯酸甲酯的接枝聚合速率较大。Z基团皆为苯基时,二硫代苯甲酸叔丁酯调控SiO2表面甲基丙烯酸甲酯的接枝聚合速率较高。SiO2-PMMA接枝链末端二硫代酯基团,可进一步RAFT接枝聚苯乙烯。相同聚合条件下,二硫代苯甲酸苄酯调控SiO2-PMMA表面接枝聚苯乙烯的接枝率最高。     

聚邻二苄基二硫化物的合成及其性能研究

以邻二氯苄为原料,合成了新型贮能物质邻二苄基二硫化物(DBD)及其聚合物(PDBD),利用元素分析、氢谱、质谱和红外光谱来表征其组成和结构.经循环伏安法研究表明,DBD的氧化还原峰峰电位分别为-0.65V和-1.9V,相距1.3V;而PDBD的分别为0.24V和-0.14V,相距0.38V,接近DBD的1/3,表明聚苯主链对硫硫键的断键和键合过程具有电催化作用；同时,经热重分析表明聚合物的硫硫键在140℃以下是稳定的,能满足其在锂电池中的应用要求.因此,PDBD在锂电池正极材料方面具有一定的应用价值.     

化学气相沉积聚合制备聚溴代对亚苯基二亚甲基及其性能的研究

用化学气相沉积(CVD)聚合法制备了聚溴代对亚苯基二亚甲基(PPX-B r)膜,采用FT-IR和元素分析的方法证实了其化学结构。对膜溶解性和抗化学氧化性能的研究表明,聚溴代对亚苯基二亚甲基膜具有优异的耐溶剂性和抗化学氧化性能。对其热性能的研究表明,溴的引入使得膜的玻璃化转变温度降低,室温柔性增强,热降解性能与聚氯代对亚苯基二亚甲基(PPX-C)相似。与PPX膜相比,溴的引入对膜的亲水性能影响不大,而水汽渗透率明显降低,具有更好的防潮性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.