亚磷酸三苯酯对聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混体系性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

通过熔融共混法制备了不同含量亚磷酸三苯酯(TPPi)的亚磷酸三苯酯/聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混物,利用红外光谱、核磁共振、X射线衍射、熔体流动速率、流变性能和力学性能测试对TPPi/PLA/PBS共混体系的结构、结晶性能、流变性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,TPPi主要作为酯化促进剂参与反应,共混体系的结构基本保持不变;TPPi的加入未改变共混物的结晶结构;当TPPi用量≤0.4phr时,TPPi的扩链作用使得PLA与PBS之间的相容性得到一定的改善;随着TPPi用量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度呈先增加后减小的趋势,当TPPi用量为0.4phr时,分别达到最大值63.7 MPa和4.56kJ/m2,较PLA/PBS共混物分别提高了24.4%和44.3%。     

亚磷酸三苯酯对聚乳酸/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混体系性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了不同含量亚磷酸三苯酯(TPPi)的亚磷酸三苯酯/聚乳酸(PLA)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混物,利用红外光谱、核磁共振、X射线衍射、熔体流动速率、流变性能和力学性能测试对TPPi/PLA/PBS共混体系的结构、结晶性能、流变性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,TPPi主要作为酯化促进剂参与反应,共混体系的结构基本保持不变;TPPi的加入未改变共混物的结晶结构;当TPPi用量≤0.4phr时,TPPi的扩链作用使得PLA与PBS之间的相容性得到一定的改善;随着TPPi用量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度呈先增加后减小的趋势,当TPPi用量为0.4phr时,分别达到最大值63.7 MPa和4.56kJ/m2,较PLA/PBS共混物分别提高了24.4%和44.3%。     

环氧呋喃树脂反应性增容PLA/PBS共混体系的动态流变学表征

用熔融共混法制备不同环氧呋喃树脂(FER)含量的聚乳酸/环氧呋喃树脂/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PLA/FER/PBS)共混物,使用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜(SEM)和万能试验机等手段研究了FER含量对PLA/PBS共混体系的动态流变行为和相容性的影响。结果表明:当应变(γ)小于30%时动态模量不随γ的变化而变化,共混体系表现出线性黏弹行为;当γ大于30%后动态模量明显降低,出现了"Payne"效应。FER能改善PLA/PBS共混体系的加工性能;PLA/PBS共混体系有两个不同的驰豫过程,使曲线出现两个明显的半圆弧,加入FER后PLA和PBS两相的形态发生了改变;当FER含量为0.3 phr时共混体系的Han曲线与v GP曲线重叠,表明PLA和PBS的相容性较好;当FER含量为0.3 phr时PLA与PBS的界面黏附性最佳,表明PLA与PBS具有最为理想的界面相容性;FER添加量为0.3 phr时共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达到最大值56.9 MPa和4.33 k J/m2,比PLA/PBS共混物提高了11.2%和37.0%。     

PET/PLA共混物相容性的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学(MD)模拟方法在COMPASS力场下,研究了不同质量比(90/10、70/30、50/50、30/70和10/90)聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/聚乳酸(PLA)共混物的相容性。研究结果表明,不同比例下共混物的Flory-Huggins相互作用参数(χ)均小于χcritical,可以预测PET与PLA两者具有良好的的相容性。对不同比例的PET/PLA共混物中C-C原子对分子间径向分布函数的分析进一步证明PET/PLA共混物是相容的。通过分析共混物中不同组分羰基上的O和羟基上的H原子对分子间径向分布函数发现,PET和PLA分子链间可以形成C=O…H-O氢键,有利于其共混物形成相容体系。     

胍基聚电解质与聚丙烯共混体系的流变性能研究(Ⅰ)PHGC/PP

以毛细管流变仪研究了不同组成的 PHGC/ PP共混体系的熔体流变行为 ,分别讨论了熔体粘度与温度、共混体系组成之间的关系 ,并在电镜下观察了共混体系的相态结构 ,分析了共混体系的相容性对熔体流变行为的影响。结果表明 ,在实验条件下 ,PHGC/ PP共混体系为切力变稀型流体 ;PHGC与 PP相容性较差 ,在 PP中分散颗粒较大 ;PHGC含量较低时 ,熔体粘度有极小值 ,随着温度和剪切速率的变化 ,熔体粘度随 PHGC含量的变化呈现出不同的变化趋势。在 PHGC含量为 2 .5 %时 ,非牛顿指数最大 ,粘流活化能最小     

基于熔融沉积成型的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯的制备与表征EI北大核心CSCD

通过熔融共混法制备了不同质量比的聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)共混物。采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜、电子万能试验机及差示扫描量热仪等研究了共混物的动态流变行为、微观形貌、力学性能和热性能,并通过线材机牵引成直径为1.75 mm左右的线材进行熔融沉积成型(FDM)。结果表明,加入TPU后能提高材料的储能模量,使熔体弹性增强,利于熔融铺丝。TPU能改善材料的冲击韧性,且随着TPU含量的增加而增大。另外,PLA/TPU熔融共混后体系的结晶能力下降,对熔融沉积成型收缩翘曲具有抑制作用。当TPU质量分数为10%时,线材的熔融沉积成型效果最好。     

苯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物对聚苯乙烯/聚乳酸共混物力学性能和流变性能的影响

采用无皂乳液聚合法合成了苯乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物(PSMA)(n(St)∶n(MA)=75∶25),将PSMA与聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混制备了PSMA含量不同的PS/PLA共混物(m(PS)∶m(PLA)=1∶4),利用扫描电子显微镜、电子拉力机和转矩流变仪对共混物的相结构、力学性能以及流变行为进行了表征。结果表明,加入少量PSMA即能有效提高PLA与PS的相容性,减小PS/PLA共混物中分散相的相尺寸,提高PLA与PS两相间粘接作用;加入质量分数为0.5%的PSMA时,PS/PLA共混物的力学性能达到最佳;未加PSMA时,PS/PLA共混物在高剪切速率下剪切变稀显著,甚至低于纯PS,加入PSMA后,在高剪切速率下的剪切变稀程度与纯PLA相当。     

可生物降解PLA／PCL,PELA／PECL共混体系的研究

本工作以DSC研究了聚d,l-乳酸/聚ε-己内酯(PLA/PCL)、聚d,l-乳酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物/聚ε-己内酯-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(PELA/PECL)共混体系的相容性,发现PLA/PCL体系是不相容的,随PLA含量的增大,PCL结晶度增大。而PELA/PECL共混体系中,由于PEG链段的“内增容作用”,使二组分有较好的相容性。随PELA含量的增加,PECL的熔点、结晶度降低。     

基于熔融沉积成型的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯的制备与表征

通过熔融共混法制备了不同质量比的聚乳酸(PLA)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)共混物。采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜、电子万能试验机及差示扫描量热仪等研究了共混物的动态流变行为、微观形貌、力学性能和热性能,并通过线材机牵引成直径为1.75 mm左右的线材进行熔融沉积成型(FDM)。结果表明,加入TPU后能提高材料的储能模量,使熔体弹性增强,利于熔融铺丝。TPU能改善材料的冲击韧性,且随着TPU含量的增加而增大。另外,PLA/TPU熔融共混后体系的结晶能力下降,对熔融沉积成型收缩翘曲具有抑制作用。当TPU质量分数为10%时,线材的熔融沉积成型效果最好。     

胍基聚电解质与聚丙烯共混体系的流变性能研究(I)PHGC/PP

以毛细管流变仪研究了不同组成的PHGC／PC共混体系的熔体流变行为,分别讨论了熔体粘度与温度、共聚体系组成之间的关系,并在电镜下观察了共混体系的相态结构,分析了共混体系的相容性对熔体流变行为的影响。结果表明,在实验条件下,PHGC／PP共混体系为切力变稀型流体;PHGC与PP相容性较差,在PP中分散颗粒较大;PHGC含量较低时,熔体粘度有极小值,随着温度和剪切速率的变化,熔体粘度随HGC含量的变化呈现出不同的变化趋势。在PHGC含量为2．5％时,非牛顿指数最大,粘流活化能最小。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。