基于自适应最优Morlet小波的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承早期故障信号中故障信息比较微弱常常被强噪声所掩盖,增加了对滚动轴承故障诊断的难度。针对这一问题,笔者提出了基于自适应最优Morlet小波变换的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用粒子群优化算法对Morlet小波变换的核心参数进行自适应寻优,在获得最优Morlet小波的同时保证了良好的带通滤波性能;然后,将最优Morlet小波对滚动轴承早期故障信号进行滤波去噪,提高信号的信噪比;最后,对最优Morlet小波滤波信号进行包络谱分析,通过包络谱中的主导频率成分与滚动轴承各元件的故障特征频率对比从而判断轴承的故障位置。仿真数据和实测数据分析结果证明,笔者所提方法能够有效提取故障信号中的特征信息,具有一定的有效性。     

Rolling element bearing fault detection based on optimal antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet

The presence of periodical impulses in vibration signals usually indicates the occurrence of rolling element bearing faults. Unfortunately, detecting the impulses of incipient faults is a difficult job because they are rather weak and often interfered by heavy noise and higher-level macro-structural vibrations. Therefore, a proper signal processing method is necessary. We proposed a differential evolution (DE) optimization and antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet (ARLW) filter-based method to extract the impulsive features buried in noisy vibration signals. The wavelet used in paper is developed from the fault characteristic signal model based on the idea of sparse representation in time-frequency domain. We first filter the original vibration signal using DE-optimized ARLW filter to eliminate the interferential vibrations and suppress random noise, then, demodulate the filtered signal and calculate its envelope spectrum. The analysis results of the simulation signals and real fault bearing vibration signals showed that the proposed method can effectively extract weak fault features.     

Weak fault feature extraction of rolling bearing based on cyclic Wiener filter and envelope spectrum

In vibration analysis, weak fault feature extraction under strong background noise is of great importance. A method based on cyclic Wiener filter and envelope spectrum analysis is proposed. Cyclic Wiener filter exploits the spectral coherence theory induced by the second-order cyclostationary signal. The original signal is duplicated and shifted in the frequency domain by amounts corresponding to the cyclic frequencies. The noise component is optimally filtered by a filter-bank. The filtered signal is analyzed by performing envelope spectrum. In the envelope spectrum, characteristic frequencies are quite clear. Then the most impactive part is effectively extracted for further fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on both simulated signal and actual data from rolling bearing accelerated life test.     

基于IEWT和MCKD的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对经验小波变换（Empirical wavelet transform,EWT）对强噪声环境中滚动轴承微弱故障诊断的不足,主要是傅里叶频谱分段不当的问题。提出一种基于最大相关峭度解卷积（Maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution,MCKD）降噪与改进EWT相结合的滚动轴承早期故障识别方法。首先采用最大相关峭度解卷积算法以包络谱的相关峭度最大化为目标对原信号进行降噪处理、检测信号中的周期性冲击成分,然后根据信号Fourier频谱的包络极大值进行分段,通过分析各频段平方包络谱中明显的频率成分来诊断故障。新方法能有效降噪、增强信号中周期性冲击特征、降低单次偶然冲击的影响、抑制非冲击成分。通过对含外圈、内圈故障的滚动轴承进行试验分析,结果表明,相比于快速谱峭度图和小波包络分析方法,该方法提取出的特征更加明显,能有效实现滚动轴承早期微弱故障的识别。     

基于ITD-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的轴承故障诊断

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承振动信号故障特征信息难以提取的问题,提出了结合固有时间尺度分解(ITD)-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障特征提取与诊断方法。首先对滚动轴承振动信号采用ITD方法分解,得到若干个固有旋转分量;考虑到噪声主要分布在高频段,取前2个高频的固有旋转分量进行形态滤波,并将滤波后的信号与剩余固有旋转分量重构;对重构信号计算Teager能量算子并绘制Teager能量谱,从Teager能量谱中可以识别出故障特征。将本方法应用于滚动轴承的内圈故障和外圈故障诊断,结果表明ITD-形态滤波可以有效去除振动信号中的背景噪声并保留冲击特征,Teager能量谱可以直观并准确显示出故障特征。     

复小波分解联合SVD提取振动信号非平稳特征

针对齿轮箱故障信号的多分量多频调制特点,提出了一种基于奇异值分解的最优小波解调技术。首先,采用小波变换的最小Shannon熵作为时间尺度分辨率的度量指标,将其应用到Morlet分析小波的参数优化选择中;其次,对常规小波参数选择方法进行了改进,利用奇异值分解技术对最优小波变化尺度进行了迭代搜索。该方法可以很好地降低噪声信号,有效提取信号中的周期成分,具有较好的瞬态信息提取能力。试验结果也表明了该方法在齿轮箱故障特征提取中的重要性以及降噪方法的有效性。     

基于小波相关滤波法的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法研究

目前基于小波分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究已经很多,但是这些方法对于强噪声背景下的早期故障微弱信号特征提取效果并不理想。为此,提出了适用于强噪声背景的小波相关滤波滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。该方法将小波相关滤波降噪方法和Hilbert包络细化谱分析相结合:对被测信号进行小波相关滤波降噪处理,对降噪处理后的高频段尺度域的小波系数进行Hilbert包络细化谱分析。该方法在滚动轴承的早期故障诊断中的试验结果表明,该方法与直接小波系数包络谱诊断方法相比,较大地增强了对滚动轴承早期故障诊断的能力,在强噪声背景下有效地提取出滚动轴承的早期故障频率。     

基于复Morlet小波和系数相关的齿轮故障特征提取

针对大型机械测取的振动信号信噪比低,故障特征不明显,故障定位难度大,提出了基于复Morlet小波和系数相关的齿轮故障特征提取方法。该方法利用了复Morlet小波的幅值、相位组合信息对信号突变点具有更好的敏感特性和小波系数相关降噪特性,对被测信号进行复Morlet小波变换,再分别将小波系数的实部和虚部进行自相关处理,并将相关后系数的幅值和相位进行组合。该方法在对齿轮传动弱故障信号特征提取的试验结果表明,该方法与直接的复Morlet小波变换相比,能够有效去除噪声,更好地突出故障特征,对故障特征点进行更精确地定位。     

基于最优Morlet小波的滚动轴承故障诊断

将最优Morlet小波和阈值降噪法相结合,进行强噪声背景下滚动轴承故障诊断.依据峭度最大准则确定最优Morlet小波基.利用连续小波变换和软阈值法对振动信号降噪.试验表明,该方法具有良好的去噪性能,并能更好地提取滚动轴承振动信号中的故障特征.     

Bearing fault diagnosis based on amplitude and phase map of Hermitian wavelet transform

The rolling element bearing characteristic frequencies contain very little energy and are usually overwhelmed by noise and higher level of structural vibrations. The continuous wavelet transform enables one to look at the evolution in the time scale joint representation plane. This makes it very suitable for the detection of singularity generated by localized defects in a mechanical system. However, most applications of the continuous wavelet transform have widely focused on the use of the Morlet wavelet transform. The complex Hermitian wavelet is constructed based on the first and the second derivatives of the Gaussian function to detect signal singularities. The Fourier spectrum of Hermitian wavelet is real, which the Fourier spectrum has no complex phase and the Hermitian wavelet does not affect the phase of a signal in complex domain. This gives the desirable ability to detect the singularity characteristic of a signal precisely. In this study, the Hermitian wavelet amplitude and phase map are used in conjunction to detect and diagnose the bearing fault. The Hermitian wavelet amplitude and phase map are found to show distinctive signatures in the presence of bearing inner race or outer race damage. The simulative and experimental results show that the Hermitian wavelet amplitude and phase map can extract the transients from strong noise signals and can effectively diagnose bearing faults.     

基于经验模式分解和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承的振动信号是强背景噪声下的非平稳非线性信号,其特征提取是滚动轴承故障诊断的难点。为了提高滚动轴承的故障诊断效果,提出了基于经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposi-tion,EMD)和谱峭度(Spectrum Kurtosis,SK)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用EMD方法对轴承故障信号进行分解,剔除趋势项,利用归一化白噪声分量的统计特性来滤除信号中的噪声分量,然后利用谱峭度方法估计带通滤波器的中心频率和带宽,最后对剩余的信号执行带通滤波和包络解调进行故障诊断。对滚动轴承故障诊断的结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效地提高轴承故障诊断的效果。     

小波分析在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

滚动轴承是机械系统中非常关键的部件,它的运行好坏直接关系到整个机械系统的性能优劣,因此滚动轴承的故障诊断研究是非常具有实际意义的。本文对轴承早期损伤引起的故障信号进行了分析,通过比较频谱分析和小波分析的特点,采用小波分析技术对检测的信号进行处理,利用小波变换的分解和重构算法,对具有故障特征的信号进行重构,再通过希尔波特变换进行解调和细化频谱分析,有效地提取出噪声掩盖下的滚动轴承故障特征信号,从而实现对滚动轴承的故障诊断。     

基于混合时频分析方法的风电机组故障诊断

针对风电机组传动链系统振动信号非高斯、非平稳性的特点,提出了一种基于混合时频分析的风电机组故障诊断方法。该方法首先采用参数优化Morlet小波消噪方法对原始振动信号进行分析,滤除强大的背景噪声干扰;进而通过自项窗方法抑制时频面的干扰项,增强信号特征成分,提取故障特征以实现故障诊断。在Morlet小波参数优化过程中,采用交叉验证法优化波形参数及连续小波变换的尺度参数;在自项窗的设计过程中,采用基于平滑伪魏格纳分布的函数进行设计,并通过两次阈值处理以减少运算量、提高运算效率。通过对风电机组监测振动数据分析,证明了该方法可以有效地实现背景噪声的消除和故障诊断。     

自适应小波应用于回转类零部件的初期裂纹识别

介绍了基于kurtosis最大化准则的自适应Morlet小波分析方法，它能够根据kurtosis值自动调节小波函数参数以获得最佳滤波子小波，将其应用于处理染噪的周期性脉冲信号，以识别裂纹故障发展的初期征兆。与其它分析方法如离散小波变换和小波降噪进行了比较，结果表明自适应Morlet小波分析方法对于提取噪声中的周期性脉冲是非常有效的。     

On the study of applying Morlet wavelet to the Hilbert transform for the envelope detection of bearing vibrations

In this paper, the Morlet wavelet is studied to apply in the envelope analysis for the bearing vibration and, in practice, would be easier to apply in the real-time vibration analyses. The parameter designation of Morlet wavelet is proposed to filter out and demodulate one of the resonance modes of a bearing vibration, but the designation of the filtering passband would not be required. Therefore, the mode vibration and its corresponding envelope could be derived from the real part and the absolute value of the wavelet transform, respectively. In addition, the Morlet wavelet with properly designating the parameters possesses a very excellent property of fast waveform convergence and could effectively reduce the computing burden. From theoretical and experimental studies, it is shown that the designation of Morlet wavelet could be effectively applied in the envelope detection for the vibration signals and could be useful in the defect diagnosis of bearing vibrations.     

小波变换在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

采用小波变换能够快速有效地对滚动轴承振动信号进行带通滤波。通过选用多尺度的小波变换,能较好地分离出所要分析的高频固有振动信号,然后对高频振动信号进行包络分析,从包络谱图中提取故障特征频率分量,就能诊断出滚动轴承故障发生在哪个元件上。实验结果表明,这种诊断方法是有效的。     

A joint adaptive wavelet filter and morphological signal processing method for weak mechanical impulse extraction

Periodical impulses are vital indicators of rotating machinery faults. Therefore, the extraction of weak periodical impulses from vibration signals is of great importance for incipient fault detection. However, measured signals are often severely tainted by various noises, which makes the detection of impulses rather difficult. As such, a proper signal processing technique is necessary. In this paper, a hybrid method comprised of wavelet filter and morphological signal processing (MSP) is proposed for this task. The wavelet filter is used to eliminate the noise and enhance the impulsive features. Then, the filtered signal is processed by the morphological closing operator and a local maximum algorithm to isolate periodical impulses. To select the proper parameters of the joint approach, i.e., the center frequency, the bandwidth of wavelet filter, and the length of flat structuring elements (SE), a novel optimization algorithm based on differential evolution (DE) is developed. The results of simulated experiments and bearing vibration signal analysis verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于谱峭度和CEEMD的滚动轴承声信号故障诊断研究

使用声信号来诊断轴承故障越来越受到重视。针对滚动轴承故障信号的强背景噪声特点,提出一种基于谱峭度和互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)的故障特征提取方法。该方法首先对滚动轴承声信号进行快速谱峭度计算并进行带通滤波预处理,使滚动轴承声信号变得简单且噪声小,故障冲击成分明显;然后利用CEEMD将滤波信号进行分解运算,得到一系列本征模态(IMF)分量;再利用相关系数法和时域特征指标峰值因子选取包含故障信息最丰富的IMF分量;最后用Hilbert算法包络解调分析选取的IMF分量,得到清晰的故障特征频率。经滚动轴承故障实验分析,该方法可以对滚动轴承故障进行有效的诊断。     

基于小波包—坐标变换的滚动轴承故障特征增强方法

滚动轴承早期故障特征信号微弱且易受正常成分干扰,因此不易准确识别滚动轴承的早期故障.对含有微弱故障的滚动轴承信号进行小波包分解,通过对小波包分解得到的各子带进行研究,提出一种基于小波包—坐标变换(Wavelet packet-coordinate transformation,WP-CT)的故障特征增强方法.考虑到各频...     

基于小波包和PSO-Elman神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承的故障诊断,分析滚动轴承故障机理及特点,提出基于小波包分析的滚动轴承振动信号的特征向量提取算法,并建立PSO-Elman神经网络进行故障诊断和识别。将滚动轴承故障振动信号进行小波包分解,构造频带能量谱作为特征向量,输入PSO-Elman神经网络对故障进行识别。试验结果表明,基于小波包分析和PSO-Elman神经网络相结合的方法可准确地实现滚动轴承的故障诊断。