细粒煤液固流化床分选技术的发展与应用

液固流化床是重选设备的一种,已广泛用于细粒物料的分级与分选。文章从分选理论和设备上介绍TBS、CrossFlow separator和RC分选设备,以及其在细粒煤分选中的应用,分析表明:液固流化床分选技术是适合细粒煤分选的先进技术。     

细粒煤分选技术与设备的发展

细粒煤分选是煤炭高效利用的重要部分。简述了细粒煤泥难选的原因,分析研究了煤炭分选的技术及设备,包括浮选、重选及磁电选等,最后对未来细粒煤分选的发展趋势进行了展望。     

湿式重选技术的研究进展

重选是一种古老的选矿方法.但目前仍然广泛应用.近年来,研制了多种湿式重选设备,用于细粒矿物和废料的分选.本文作者除了对湿式重选原理和常规的重选设备评述外,还介绍了新研制的重选设备.其中大部分在重力场和流膜中进行分选.前者应用颗粒在水中沉降行为,后者利用颗粒在流膜中运动规律.文中详细叙述了这两种方法的原理和在商业中的应用现状.在重力场中,Batac(TACUB)型跳汰机是经济的重选设备,在分选粒度为0.5～200mm原煤的指标比Baum跳汰机要好.改进型的跳汰机正在研制之中,以用于分选粗粒或细粒给料.文中叙述的流膜选矿机有Wilfley摇床和赖克特圆锥选矿机.研制了一些重力离心选矿机,用于重选细粒物料.对典型的离心选矿机进行了对比.介绍了两个应用TACUB跳汰机的两个分选厂.一个分选厂以60万t/a处理能力处理混凝土,以回收粗骨料.另一个示范分选厂用于查明跳汰机从废办公自动化设备碎屑中分离和回收有价塑料的效果.     

磁稳定流化床的流化特性及其分选机理

论文综述了磁稳定流化床的研究历程 ,研究了磁珠的性质及其磁稳定流化床的流化特性、流变学特性及固体沉降动力学。作者建立了磁稳定流化床的密度模型 ,研究了颗粒和颗粒群影响下的磁稳定流化床密度分布和磁稳定流化床内物体重选过程。重选试验证明了磁稳定流化床能有效分选 1～ 6 (13)ｍｍ煤炭。论文分析了磁场稳定流化床中磁场性物链的运动分层过程。磁性和非磁性混合粉尘在磁稳定流化床可以得到有效分选。作者设计重选和磁选模型机时采用了磁力输送装置 ,无运动部件 ,可靠性好。作者在重选模型机设计中 ,解决了放大问题。工艺设计中 ,充…     

磁稳定流化床干法选煤试验研究

介绍一种适合于细粒煤炭 (6～ 0 5mm)的磁稳定流化床干法分选技术。磁稳定流化床是在含有磁性介质的流化床中施加一定方向和强度的外加磁场 ,使聚式流化床散式化 ,气泡变小或消失 ,可有效地消除普通流化床中的被分选后物料的返混现象。讨论了磁性介质 (磁珠 )的性质、磁稳定流化床的流化特性、磁稳定流化床的分选原理、分选试验系统和分选试验结果。     

细粒煤重选设备的技术现状与分析

细粒煤的分选技术装备是洁净煤技术的重要发展方向,而重选是当前最经济环保的选矿方法。文章从旋流器分选、液固流化床分选、离心重选等四个方面对当前细粒煤重选技术装备的研究应用情况进行了综述,分析了不同设备的优缺点,指出引入离心力等复合力场的新型高效重选设备将是细粒煤分选技术的未来。     

新型悬振选矿机及其应用

针对细粒级重金属矿物分选困难的现状,昆明德商矿业技术有限公司研制了一种新型重选设备——悬振选矿机。在多家选厂的工业应用表明:悬振选矿机结构新颖,分选效率高,用于处理0.11~0.018 mm细磨物料和矿泥物料,一次选别最高可得到回收金属近75%,富集比5~15倍的选矿指标,有效解决了锡、钨、铁和锑等重金属细粒级矿物分选困难的问题,可为选矿厂带来非常明显的经济效益。     

新型三产品液固流化床设计与分选效果研究

为克服传统两产品液固流化床分选机应用中有效分选粒度范围窄、精煤容易受高灰细泥污染等局限性,设计出新型三产品液固流化床粗煤泥分选机,将分选过程分为上下两段。并进行了对比分析试验,研究表明,新型三产品液固流化床由于采用不同上升水速以适应物料性质沿床层垂直高度的变化情况,从而更有利于宽粒级物料和难选粗煤泥的分选,为现场应用及后续设计提供参考。     

磁铁矿分选设备研究现状与发展趋势

针对目前复杂难选磁铁矿资源开发利用现状,提出关键分选设备的研发与改进是铁矿选矿工艺发展重点之一。以主要分选作用力场结合方式对磁铁矿分选设备进行了分类,概述了磁选、重选、浮选等单力场分选设备及由以上经典分选力场复合而成的复合力场分选设备结构特点、分选原理及其现场应用情况。研究表明:重选能耗低,无污染,处理量大,但分选粒度较粗,分选效果偏低;浮选下限低,但药剂制度复杂,成本较高,且难以满足日益提高的环保要求;磁选对磁性矿物虽更具针对性,但磁性夹杂易导致磁精矿品位偏低。提出了复合力场分选设备作为一种高效节能的选矿设备,具有重选、浮选、磁选等多种选矿方法的优点,提高了设备分选效率、处理量、选择性以及对粒级的适应性等。展望了具有重-磁-浮多重功能的新型多力场复合分选设备将成为未来主要研究方向,替代现有复合力场选别设备成为必然趋势,具有广阔的研究与应用前景。     

铁磁性物料综合力场分选方法与设备的研究及进展

介绍了铁磁性物料的综合力场分选方法及设备，重点阐述了磁团聚重选与磁浮联合选矿的方法、分选原理及设备结构等。     

我国钽铌资源的特征及选矿技术

介绍了我国钽铌资源单一矿床少、共伴生矿床多、矿石品位低、钽铌矿物与其他矿物密切共生、钽铌矿床区域分布高度集中等突出特点。根据钽铌矿物与其他矿物密度的差异,以及钽铌矿物嵌布粒度的粗细等特点,归纳总结了钽铌矿物的回收工艺：对仅钽铌矿物密度大,且钽铌矿物嵌布粒度较粗的矿石,通常采用以重选为主的分选工艺;对有多种矿物密度大,且钽铌矿物嵌布粒度较粗的矿石,多采用重选与磁选、电选等相结合的分选工艺;对有多种矿物密度大,且钽铌矿物嵌布粒度较细的矿石,多采用以浮选为主的分选工艺。     

Size recovery curves of minerals in industrial spirals for processing iron oxide ores

Spirals are gravity concentrators used for the concentration of coal, iron oxide ore and heavy minerals. As in any gravity concentrators the separation of minerals in a spiral is based on particle size and specific gravity. The size recovery curves of minerals in mineral processing equipment provide an efficient way to analyse the operation of spiral concentrators. However unlike other gravity concentrator equipment such as hydrocyclones or hydraulic classifiers a drop of recovery in the region of coarse particles is observed for spirals. This decrease of recovery of coarse particles is observed for the valuable and gangue minerals of roughing, cleaning and re-cleaning spirals of two Canadian iron ore concentrators. Any improvement in the recovery of coarse iron carrier particles can lead to a significant increase in the plant revenues.     

石煤型钒矿预富集技术研究现状

当前石煤提钒一般采用湿法浸出工艺,由于矿石钒品位低,造成浸出过程酸（碱）消耗量大。在浸出前对石煤钒矿预富集,能大幅降低生产成本。总结了我国石煤钒矿预富集技术的发展成果,重点介绍了擦洗工艺、重选工艺、浮选工艺和联合选矿工艺。对于采用常规的重选、磁选、浮选工艺难以有效富集的细粒黏土型石煤钒矿,利用其矿物硬度上或形状上的差异应用擦洗工艺能有效地富集。重选工艺处理量大、设备结构简单、成本低廉。浮选工艺应用范围广、适应性强、分选效率高,可以分选赋存状态复杂、嵌布粒度细的石煤钒矿,浮选富集的产品品质一般较高。组分复杂的石煤钒矿,采用单一选矿工艺难以高效地将含钒矿物和脉石矿物分离,可根据矿石特性进行联合工艺富集回收,以发挥各种工艺的优势,提高预富集效果。石煤钒矿预富集大幅减少了后续浸出的矿石处理量,钒浸出率显著提升,降低了生产成本。关于石煤型钒矿浮选药剂研究较少,今后可结合当前先进的分子模拟技术进行分子动力学机理研究浮选药剂与矿物表面的作用,开发更为新型高效的浮选药剂;研制适用于石煤钒矿重选的选别设备;在生产中逐渐淡化传统的选矿和冶金的界线,选冶联合发展,改进工艺流程,提高石煤资源的综合利用率。     

某风化粘土型钛矿工艺矿物学研究

为综合回收利用风化残坡积型钛矿中有价金属,探讨钛等有价元素的可回收性,采用传统工艺矿物学研究方法对国内某风化粘土型钛矿的矿石特性进行了系统的研究,并分析了影响选矿工艺的因素,提出了可行的选矿工艺方案。研究结果表明,该矿TiO₂品位4.5%,主要含钛矿物为钛铁矿、白钛石和钒钛磁铁矿,矿石含泥量近80%。钛铁矿多为单体,部分氧化蚀变为白钛石,均被粘土矿物包裹或与其连生,钒钛磁铁矿为次要回收矿物,其中包含部分呈固溶体分离的钛铁矿片晶。矿石中钛分散较严重,采用物理选矿分选钛的理论回收率为48%左右,铁理论回收率仅为4%左右。结合矿石特点与工艺矿物学研究结果,该矿石选矿试验可采用“擦洗脱泥-重选-磁选”联合流程,在重选前应采用强力搅拌脱泥以消除“粘结效应”,继而采用重选预先抛尾后再磁选,之后利用强磁选、摇床精选等手段进一步提高精矿品位。该研究为选矿回收该矿床中有价金属提供了方向性指导。      

Current processing technology for antimony-bearing ores a review, part 2

On the basis of knowledge of the beneficiation properties of antimony minerals reported in the previous part of this article, this second half reviews the state of technology for separation of those minerals and summarizes experience from processing plants.The high density of antimony minerals and their tendency to grind to slime (hardness of 2.5 on Mohs' scale) make gravity separation in the mill circuit an interesting possibility for the first step in the process. Gravity concentration is already found in some process layouts, but there are undoubtedly more applications where modern gravity separation equipment could be used.Marketing considerations make separation of arsenopyrite an important part of the process in some cases. Special cleaning processes have been developed for the purpose, but more attention needs to be paid to selectivity in the primary Sb flotation. Because of the rise in gold prices, some antimony ores should really be viewed as gold ores with antimony as a by-product. In this context, cyanide leaching is an obvious step in addition to gravity separation, and the most logical procedure here would be first to separate the antimony at natural pH and then to leach out the gold with cyanide.The design of flotation circuits for beneficiation of stibnite is usually very straightforward: rougher, scavenger and two-stage cleaner flotation are usually enough to produce concentrates grading better than 60% Sb. Recycling circulating returns to the middle of the rougher flotation circuit offers an attractive way of obtaining high-grade concentrates while achieving high capacities.The choice of methods for depressing antimony minerals in complex sulphide ores depends on what kind of mineral is the predominant impurity. It ought to be possible to depress ferrous antimony minerals effectively in pyrite-selective environments.     

铜钼浮选尾矿综合回收钨的选矿试验方案研究

某铜钼矿浮选后的尾矿中钨以白钨矿、钼钙矿形式存在,含钨品位仅0.082%。根据尾矿的矿石性质,试验探索了联合工艺磁选-浮选流程、磁选-重选流程对钨矿物回收的可能性,研究结果表明:磁重联合流程能有效的回收钨矿物,可获得钨精矿含钨品位36.13%,钨回收率60.29%的良好指标。实现了对该尾矿中钨有价元素的综合回收。      

流膜分选技术研究与应用进展

流膜选矿是具有一定浓度的颗粒群在极薄的流体介质层中的松散、分层过程,广泛应用于细粒矿物和煤的分选。这类设备主要包括斜槽分选机、摇床、螺旋分选机和离心重力分选机。文章论述了近年来流膜分选技术及设备的研究开发最新进展和应用前景。     

红土镍矿深度还原-磁选富集镍铁工艺研究

对品位低、富集困难的红土镍矿进行了深度还原-磁选工艺方案的研究,深入探讨了还原温度、还原时间、配碳系数、料层厚度、配煤粒度、矿石粒度对深度还原-磁选的影响,得出在还原温度1 275 ℃,还原时间60 min,配碳系数3,料层厚度20 mm,还原煤粒度-1.5 mm,矿石粒度-2 mm条件下还原的红土镍矿,经过磁选可得到镍、铁品位分别为4.59%和25.12%的镍铁产品,据此得出深度还原-磁选对红土镍矿镍、铁富集有一定的作用。     

The effect of non-sulphide gangue minerals on the flotation of sulphide minerals from Carlin-type gold ores

Flotation pre-concentration of sulphide and gold values from certain Carlin-type deposits characterised as double-refractory gold ores is quite challenging. Numerous studies conducted on these ores in many laboratories globally (including the present study) under a variety of chemical and physical conditions have merely confirmed low recovery (and poor concentrate grades) for sulphide minerals and gold, and poor separation between sulphide minerals and carbonaceous matter, even when the valuable minerals are adequately liberated. None of the traditional reasons based on liberation or the choice of chemical and physical conditions and separation strategies could provide satisfactory explanation for the observed poor separation.In this study, the focus was on the role of non-sulphide gangue (NSG) minerals. It was hypothesised that specific NSG minerals have a detrimental effect on flotation recovery of gold bearing minerals and their separation selectivity. In order to test this hypothesis and delineate the effect of the various gangue minerals, a new approach was taken. This involved first isolating the various mineral components of a double-refractory gold ore from one of the Carlin-type deposits using a gravity separation technique. Then flotation experiments were performed using a mixture design on various mixtures of these isolated components under controlled conditions. The results of these mixture experiments supported the hypothesis and demonstrated, for the first time for these types of ores, that even small amounts of NSG minerals, especially carbonaceous matter and clays, had a large adverse effect on the flotation of sulphides and selectivity of separation. While it is tempting to attribute the observed effects solely to slime coating, there is no basis to do so at this stage; it is more reasonable to propose that multiple contributions exist. The results of this study provide the much-needed context and direction for further fundamental studies and for developing processing strategies.