基于粒子吸附层的纳米流体有效导热系数模型

基于纳米粒子表面吸附层的分析,构建包含纳米粒子、分散剂层、类固相层和分散基液的导热单元,利用最小热阻法建立纳米流体的有效导热系数模型,推导出其表达式,并分别讨论纳米粒子粒径、分散剂层和类固相层对纳米流体的有效导热系数的影响。结果表明,考虑类固相层的影响得到的纳米流体的有效导热系数比不考虑其影响得到的数值大;添加分散剂后,纳米流体的有效导热系数随着分散剂导热系数的增大而增大,当纳米粒子较小时分散剂在纳米粒子表面的吸附层对纳米流体导热系数的影响更大。     

SiO2-H2O纳米悬浮液的导热及其机理分析

采用"两步法"分别将50 nm、500 nm粒径的SiO2纳米颗粒加入去离子水中制备纳米悬浮液,采用稳定性分析仪测试SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的分散稳定性.结果显示:SiO2-H2O纳米悬浮液的不稳定性指数低于0.37,说明SiO2纳米颗粒在去离子水中分散稳定.在此基础上,采用Hotdisk导热系数仪分别测试SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液在25℃、-20℃下的导热系数,就颗粒浓度和粒径的影响进行研究.结果显示:SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液在25℃下的液相导热系数随颗粒浓度的增大、粒径的减小而上升;在-20℃下由于冰的导热系数比SiO2纳米颗粒大,SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的固相导热系数转而下降.采用Maxwell、Bruggeman、Yu and Choi和Xie提出的导热系数模型计算SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的液相和固相导热系数,与测试结果对比发现:导热系数模型能相对较好地预测SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的固相导热系数,但对悬浮液液相导热系数的预测存在很大偏差.分析认为,在纳米颗粒自身导热性能和其微观布朗运动对SiO2-H2 O纳米悬浮液的导热强化中,纳米颗粒的微观布朗运动起到主要作用.     

Cu-水纳米流体的分散行为及导热性能研究

通过测定Cu-水纳米悬浮液的Zeta电位和吸光度,采用Hotdisk热物性分析仪测量了其导热系数,探讨了不同pH值和分散剂浓度对Cu-水纳米悬浮液分散稳定性和导热性能的影响.结果表明,pH值和分散剂加入量是影响Cu-水纳米悬浮液分散稳定和导热系数的重要因素.最优化的pH值和分散剂加入量能显著提高水溶液中Cu表面Zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒间静电排斥力,悬浮液分散稳定性较好,导热系数较高.从分散稳定和导热系数提高两个方面来考虑,pH=9.5左右被选为最优化值,在0.1%Cu-H2O纳米流体中,0.07%SDBS被选为最优化浓度.另外,Cu-水纳米流体的导热系数随纳米粒子质量分数的增大而增大,呈非线性关系,且比现有理论(Hamilton-Crosser模型)预测值大.     

填充颗粒导热性对复合材料导热性能的影响

基于ANSYS Workbench稳态热分析模块,利用均匀化方法,研究了填充颗粒导热性对填充型复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明,依靠增大填充颗粒导热系数来提高复合材料整体的导热性能有一定局限性,填料导热系数与基体材料导热系数之比存在一个临界值。在相同体积分数下,随着比值的增大复合材料导热系数增加,当达到临界值后继续增大比值复合材料的导热系数基本不变。不同形状的填充颗粒有不同的临界值,圆柱形颗粒的临界值略大于正方体形和球形,而且对于同一种形状的填充颗粒,随着填充分数的增大临界值略有增加。     

纳米铜/石蜡复合相变蓄热材料的导热性能研究

采用HotDisk热分析仪测试了Cu/石蜡体系在不同纳米颗粒质量分数、温度和热循环次数下的导热系数。研究表明,Cu/石蜡体系的固、液态导热系数随纳米Cu颗粒含量的增加呈非线性增加;温度变化对相变材料导热系数的影响并不明显,但当温度升高至相变温度区间时,相变材料的导热系数急剧增加;复合材料在经历100次热循环后,材料的导热系数值仍较稳定。     

Cu-水纳米流体对流换热特性研究

建立了测量纳米流体流动与对流换热性能的实验系统,探讨了不同pH值、分散剂浓度和纳米粒子质量分数对Cu-水纳米流体对流换热性能的影响。结果表明:pH值对Cu-水纳米流体对流换热系数的影响较小,这个现象启发了我们将纳米流体应用到未来工业中,可以不考虑pH值对纳米流体对流换热性能的影响。分散剂加入量是影响Cu-水纳米流体对流换热系数的重要因素,从分散稳定、导热系数和对流换热系数提高三个方面来考虑,在0.1%Cu-H2O纳米流体中,0.07%十二烷基苯磺酸钠被选为最优化浓度。另外,Cu-水纳米流体的对流换热系数随纳米粒子质量分数的增大而增大,但其对流换热系数的增加明显低于导热系数的增加。     

超高分子量聚乙烯基复合材料导热性能研究

采用纳米铜作为子颗粒,利用颗粒复合化系统,以机械冲击的方法将纳米铜颗粒嵌入式包覆于超高分子量聚乙烯颗粒(UHMWPE)表面,利用热压成形技术制备导热型复合材料。采用导热系数测定仪测试其导热系数,分析纳米铜添加量对导热效果的影响。结果表明:在相同的实验条件下,当纳米铜添加质量分数为6.8%时,复合材料的导热系数达到了0.85 W/(m.K),比纯UHMWPE提高了124%。     

纳米隔热材料导热特性研究

为进一步深入研究气凝胶纳米隔热材料的导热性能,在考虑气凝胶固体纳米颗粒尺寸非均匀分布的基础上,建立了SiO2气凝胶气固耦合导热计算模型。纳米颗粒的导热系数采用格子波尔兹曼法数值模拟。基于建立的结构模型,研究分析了密度、孔隙率及颗粒尺寸非均匀分布等因素对气凝胶气固耦合导热特性的影响。     

纳米碳管强化水合物导热的研究

实验研究了不同温度（258．15K～270．15K）、不同纳米碳管含量（0．1wt％～10wt％）以及有无分散剂十二烷基硫酸钠（Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate，SDS）情况下四氢呋喃（Tetrahydrafuran，THF）水合物的导热系数。结果表明：THF水合物的导热系数随纳米碳管含量的增加而显著增加，纳米碳管的加入并没有改变THF水合物导热系数随温度的玻璃体变化特性。在纳米碳管质量分数一定时，随着温度的升高，THF水合物导热系数增大的速率越来越快。对于含纳米碳管的THF水合物，不加分散剂时的导热系数比加分散剂的导热系数低，但高于纯THF水合物的导热系数。     

SiC泡沫陶瓷/SiCp/Al混杂复合材料的导热性能

运用挤压铸造法制备了SiC泡沫陶瓷/SiC颗粒/Al混杂复合材料,研究了温度和SiC泡沫陶瓷体积分数对复合材料热膨胀的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高,复合材料的热容逐渐增大,热扩散系数、导热系数逐渐减小.随着增强体SiC体积分数的增大,复合材料的热容线性下降,热扩散系数和导热系数均非线性减小.由于混杂复合材料具有独特的复式双连续结构,复合材料的导热系数大于130W/(m·℃).     

Reducing thermal conductivity of crystalline solids at high temperature using embedded nanostructures

Thermal conductivity of a crystalline solid at high temperature is dominated by the Umklapp process because the number of high frequency phonons increases with temperature. It is challenging to reduce the thermal conductivity of crystalline solids at high temperature although it is widely known that, by increasing the atomic defect concentration, thermal conductivity of crystalline solids can be reduced at low temperature. By increasing the concentration of ErAs nanoparticles in In 0.53Ga 0.47As up to 6 atom %, we demonstrate a thermal conductivity reduction by almost a factor of 3 below that of In 0.53Ga 0.47As at high temperature. A theoretical model suggests that the mean free path of the low frequency phonons is suppressed by increasing the ErAs nanoparticle concentration.     

复合相变储冷材料的制备及性能研究

以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为分散剂,多层石墨烯、TiO2/石墨烯(m(TiO2):m(石墨烯)=25∶75)和TiO2颗粒作为导热添加剂,加入到二元复合有机储冷材料中(m(壬酸):m(葵醇)=60:40),制备了复合相变储冷材料。通过吸光度、DSC和热导率测试等手段,对复合相变储冷材料的稳定性、相变温度、相变潜热及热导率进行了评价分析。结果表明,分散剂和导热添加剂的加入,对储冷材料的相变温度和相变潜热影响不大,但对热导率影响较大。当分散剂SDBS浓度为0.2 g/L,导热添加剂(分别为TiO2/石墨烯和TiO2颗粒)浓度为0.5 g/L时,复合相变储冷材料具有较好的稳定性,其热导率分别为为0.2211和0.2096 W/(m·K),相比没有加入任何导热添加剂的储冷材料的热导率(0.1738 W/(m·K)),分别提高了27.22%和20.61%;当分散剂SDBS浓度为0.3 g/L,导热添加剂多层石墨烯浓度为0.3 g/L时,复合相变储冷材料处于稳定状态,其热导率为0.2268 W/(m·K),相比0.1738 W/(m·K),提高了30.49%。由此可知,多层石墨烯可以更有效地增加复合相变储冷材料的热导率,这主要是由于石墨烯具有非常高的比表面积,有利于复合材料更加均匀地分散以及形成更加完善的网格结构,从而有效增加复合相变储冷材料的稳定性及热导率。选用多层石墨烯为导热添加剂(0.3 g/L),SDBS为分散剂(0.3 g/L),可以制备出体系最稳定、热导率最高的复合相变储冷材料。     

Thermal Conductivity of Suspensions Containing Nanosized SiC Particles

Nanosized SiC suspensions were prepared, and their thermal conductivities were measured using a transient hot-wire method. The experimental results showed that the thermal conductivities of the studied suspensions were increased as expected, and the enhancement was proportional to the volume fraction of the solid phase, but the increasing ratio of the thermal conductivity was not significantly related to the base fluid. The effects of the morphologies (size and shape) of the added solid phase on the enhancement of the thermal conductivity of the nanoparticle suspension are reported for the first time.     

An effective thermal conductivity model of nanofluids with a cubical arrangement of spherical particles

The theoretical investigation of the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids, a new class of solid-liquid suspensions, is important in both predicting and designing nanofluids with effective thermal conductivities. We have developed a new thermal conductivity model for nanofluids that is based on the assumption that monosized spherical particles are uniformly dispersed in the liquid and are located at the vertexes of a simple cubic lattice, with each particle surrounded by a liquid layer having a thermal conductivity that differs from that of the bulk liquid. This model nanofluid with a cubical arrangement of nanoparticles gives a more practical upper limit of thermal conduction than a model nanofluid with a parallel arrangement of nanoparticles. The new model unexpectedly shows a nonlinear relationship of thermal conductivity with particle concentration, whereas the conductivity-concentration curve changes from convex upward to concave upward with increasing volume concentration. The effects of particle and layer parameters on the effective thermal conductivities are also analyzed. A comparison of predicted thermal conductivity values and experimental data shows that the predicted values are much higher than the experimental data, a finding that indicates that there is a potential to further improve the effective thermal conductivities of nanofluids with more uniformly dispersed particles.     

The effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the thermal conductivities of various base fluids

Conventional heat transfer fluids have intrinsically poor heat transfer properties compared to solids. Enhancing the efficiency of heat transfer is of great interest for various industrial applications. Suspending solid particles in a fluid increases the thermal conductivity of the resulting suspension and enhances the heat transfer properties. In this work, changes in thermal conductivities of fluids upon the addition of magnetic nanoparticles have been investigated. Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles are synthesized using different synthesis methods and are suspended in various oils. The effect of the base fluid and the type of magnetic particle on the thermal conductivity is investigated in detail. Up to 28% increase in the thermal conductivity is obtained with 2.5 wt% magnetic particles in hexane. The thermal conductivity enhancement is found to depend on the particle concentration, method of preparation and base fluid. The enhancements obtained are higher than those estimated using any theoretical model present in the literature.     

Thermal Analysis of CNT-Based Nano-Composites by Element Free Galerkin Method

This paper deals with the thermal analysis of carbon nanotube (CNT) based composites by meshless element free Galerkin method. Cylindrical representative volume element (cylindrical RVE) has been chosen to evaluate the thermal properties of nano-composites using multi-domain and simplified approaches. The values of temperature have been calculated at different points and plotted against RVE length and RVE radius. A sensitivity analysis of RVE as well as CNT dimensions has been carried out in detail. The present computations show that the equivalent thermal conductivity is a function of CNT length, CNT radius, RVE length and RVE radius. Based on present numerical simulations, an approximate formula is proposed to calculate the equivalent thermal conductivity of nano-composites. The results obtained by simplified approach have been found in good agreement with those obtained by multi-domain approach.     

Characterization and stability analysis of oil‐based copper oxide nanofluids for medium temperature solar collectors

Thermal oils are widely used as heat transfer fluids in medium temperature applications. Addition of small amounts of nanoparticles in such fluids can significantly improve their thermophysical properties. This paper presents experimental investigation of an oil‐based nanofluids prepared by dispersing different concentrations (0.25 wt%–1.0 wt%) of copper oxide nanoparticles in Therminol‐55 oil using two‐step method. Shear mixing and ultrasonication were used for uniform distribution and de‐agglomeration of nanoparticles to enhance the stability of the suspensions. The effect of nanoparticles concentrations on thermophysical properties of the nanofluids was analysed by measuring thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, effective density and specific heat capacity at different temperatures (25 °C–130 °C). Thermal conductivity exhibited increasing trend with rising temperature and increase in nanoparticles loading. A significant decrease in dynamic viscosity and effective density against increasing temperature makes it suitable for medium temperature applications. Nano‐oils with improved thermal properties are expected to increase the efficiency of concentrating solar thermal collectors.     

Natural convective heat transfer of suspensions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nanofluids)

This paper reports an experimental study on the natural convective heat transfer of nanofluids, an area in which little work has been carried out in the past. Aqueous-based titanium-dioxide nanofluids of various concentrations are formulated by using the two-step method and a high shear homogenizer is used to break large aggregates. Instead of the use of dispersant and/or surfactant, the electrostatic repulsion mechanism is adopted to stabilize nanoparticles. The resulting nanofluids are found to be very stable, although the actual measured particle size is much larger than the primary nanoparticle size. The stable nanofluids are then used for both the transient and steady-state heat transfer experiments under natural convection conditions. The results show that the presence of nanoparticles systematically decreases the natural convective heat transfer coefficient under the conditions of this study, which is an observation that contrasts with the previous expectation. Discussion of the results suggests that changes in the nanofluids' thermal conductivity and viscosity could not explain the observed decrease in the heat transfer coefficient, and particle-surface interactions may play an important role.