3-氨基-2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基吡啶的合成

文章介绍了标题化合物的合成路线,以2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟腈为原料,经水解和霍夫曼降解反应得到目标产物,其结构经MS和1H NMR确证。本合成路线原料价廉易得、操作简单、后处理方便,适合于工业化生产,反应总收率62.2%。     

2-羟基-3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮的合成研究

以2-甲基呋喃为起始原料,经Mannich反应、重排反应开环与随后的缩合反应关环制得中间体2-二甲氨基-3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮,再经水解反应合成得香料化合物2-羟基-3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮,总收率达52.3%;产品经熔点测定和质谱分析证明了结构.该路线原料廉价易得,操作过程简单,适合工业生产.     

8-氟-5-甲氧基-1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-c]嘧啶-3(2H)-硫酮的合成

以5-氟尿嘧啶为起始原料,经氯代反应、醇解反应、肼解反应和环合反应合成了高效除草剂双氟磺草胺的关键中间体—8-氟-5-甲氧基-1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-c]嘧啶-3(2H)-硫酮。以5-氟尿嘧啶计,产品总收率达70.1%,产品结构经核磁共振分析验证。探讨了原料配比、反应温度、时间等因素对反应收率的影响。     

2-溴-6-氯吡啶的合成研究

介绍了标题化合物的合成方法。以2,6-二氯吡啶为起始原料,经水合肼取代及溴取代两步反应合成了目标化合物,并经MS和1H NMR对其结构进行了表征。本合成路线原料易得、反应条件温和、操作简便,适合于工业化生产。反应总收率59%。     

5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[3-氟-4-（1-哌嗪基苯基）]异噁唑啉的合成

以3,4-二氟苯甲醛、盐酸羟胺为原料,经缩合反应、氯代反应制得3,4-二氟苯肟氯代物（3）;以烯丙基胺为原料经乙酰化反应制得乙酰烯丙基胺（4）;化合物3与化合物4经环合反应、哌嗪取代反应合成终产物5-乙酰胺甲基-3-[3-氟-4-（1-哌嗪基苯基）]异噁唑啉（呈）。总收率为30．2％,纯度为99．1％（HPLC）。     

2-溴-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯的合成

以乙酰乙酸乙酯和硫脲为原料反应合成了2-氨基-4-甲基噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯,并就原料配比做了优化,再进行重氮化反应合成目标产物。其中重氮化反应使用两种不同的反应方法 (亚硝酸钠重氮化法和亚硝酸酯重氮化法)进行对比,两步总收率为33.6%。目标化合物经核磁共振确证。     

3-氯-2-硝基甲苯的合成研究

以2,6-二氯苯胺为原料,经重氮化,取代反应、缩合、水解、脱羧反应制得3-氯-2-硝基甲苯。本文系统地研究了其中的水解和脱羧反应,对主要的工艺参数进行了优化,确定了最佳反应条件。     

6,7-二甲基-4-喹啉羧酸的合成

喹啉类化合物是一类重要的医药及农药中间体。目标化合物的合成方法目前无文献报道,以3,4-二甲基苯胺、水合氯醛和盐酸羟胺为起始原料,经酰胺化、环合、普菲青格反应和脱羧4步反应首次合成目标化合物,其结构经~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和MS确证。路线具有原料廉价易得、反应条件温和、操作简单、后处理方便且收率较高等优点,适合工业化生产。     

2-氯-5-碘苯甲酸的合成

以邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,经碘代、桑德迈尔反应、水解三步反应合成了2-氯-5-碘苯甲酸,总收率50.2%,其结构经1H NMR,IR和MS表征。     

新方法合成2-氨基咪唑-4-酮系列化合物

研究了一种新方法液相合成一系列2-氨基咪唑-4-酮化合物,此方法以天然氨基酸为原料,经酯化、氨基保护、酸胺化等反应,最后经脱保护经环化反应,合成目的产物2-氨基咪唑4-酮类化合物,此法反应简单安全,并且收率高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.