Vv不共轭式接线牵引变压器的热路温升模型

依据Vv不共轭式接线牵引变压器的绕组结构,结合其传热原理,分析了各绕组电流与负载损耗的关系,建立了其内部传热的热路模型,推导出了用以估算热点温度的温升公式,并通过试验验证了该方法的正确性。     

基于热路模型的变压器绕组热点定位研究

针对油浸式变压器建立了一种高压绕组外侧分布式热路模型,实现了对绕组热点的定位。并对变压器内部温度分布进行了仿真研究,通过仿真结果与所建热路模型计算结果的对比,验证了所建热路模型的有效性。     

牵引负荷对变压器绝缘老化和寿命损失的影响

在分析牵引负荷特点和变压器绝缘老化机理的基础上,提出了绕组热点温升与牵引变压器绝缘寿命损失之间的关系式。仿真研究了经典牵引负荷下的绕组热点温升,计算了绕组热点温升引起的绝缘寿命损失;依据仿真结果建立了牵引变压器受冲击负荷影响的模拟实验系统,通过监测、分析冲击负荷和等值负荷2种情况下油中溶解CO和CO2含量的变化情况,得到了热冲击对绝缘老化的影响关系。研究结果表明牵引冲击性负荷对变压器绝缘寿命损失影响很大,不容忽视。     

牵引负荷对变压器绝缘老化和寿命损失的影响

在分析牵引负荷特点和变压器绝缘老化机理的基础上，提出了绕组热点温升与牵引变压器绝缘寿命损失之间的关系式。仿真研究了经典牵引负荷下的绕组热点温升，计算了绕组热点温升引起的绝缘寿命损失；依据仿真结果建立了牵引变压器受冲击负荷影响的模拟实验系统，通过监测、分析冲击负荷和等值负荷2种情况下油中溶解CO和CO₂含量的变化情况，得到了热冲击对绝缘老化的影响关系。研究结果表明牵引冲击性负荷对变压器绝缘寿命损失影响很大，不容忽视。     

深海环形变压器的热路模型研究

深海环境为散热提供了有利条件,因此水下机器人装配的环形变压器可以具备更高的功率密度和损耗.为研究环形变压器在水下环境的温升情况,结合热路理论及其散热结构,建立相应的稳态热路模型.以14.3 kVA的单相中频环形变压器为研究对象,将热路模型计算所得结果与Fluent有限元软件仿真和温升试验结果进行比较.结果 表明:热路模型计算结果与二者之间的误差在6％以内,同时与有限元仿真相比,使用热路模型计算的分析过程更为简单.所提出的热路模型适用于深海环形变压器的温升分析.     

基于修正热路模型的变压器顶层油温及绕组热点温度计算方法

提出基于修正热路模型方法进行变压器顶层油温及绕组热点温度计算的方法,对变压器的传热过程进行了研究,建立了热路模型。介绍了根据不同油温进行热路参数的调整并利用调整后的热路参数进行变压器顶层油温及热点温度的计算。采用文中计算方法与国家标准计算方法,对某220 kV变压器进行计算,将计算结果与变压器的温升试验数据进行比对,表明在考虑油流粘度变化的情况下,计算结果能够反映变压器热传递的暂态过程信息。     

220kV级Scott型平衡牵引变压器的短路阻抗仿真分析

国内首台220 kV级Scott平衡牵引变压器在设计过程遇到了很多困难,其接线复杂并且变压器各绕组电流无法确定如何分配,造成短路阻抗难以准确计算,基于Scott接线变压器的原理以及本变压器的结构特点,采用三维电磁仿真软件对阻抗匹配平衡牵引变压器的漏磁场和短路阻抗进行了分析,验证了设计方案的可行性。     

油浸式变压器热路模型的修正及实验验证

变压器绕组的热点温度是限制运行中变压器负载能力和影响变压器寿命的最大因素。快速准确地获取变压器绕组热点温度对变压器安全稳定运行具有重要意义。文中根据变压器不同的冷却方式,对变压器片式散热器的散热热阻进行了修正。并通过变压器温升实测数据与模型仿真计算数据的比较,验证了修正散热热阻后热路模型的有效性和准确性,从而得到了一个快速且较为准确的计算变压器热点温度的方法。     

基于有限元法的电缆变压器绕组的暂态热路模型研究

对一个电缆变压器的绕组 ,通过求解有限元方程 ,得到其稳态条件下温度场和流场的分布。在此基础上 ,建立绕组以单匝电缆为单位的暂态热路模型 ,利用该模型可求解暂态条件下绕组各处的温升变化。这种方法为研究该类变压器的温度特性提供了方便     

基于热路模型的变压器内部温升计算方法研究

为解决油浸式电力变压器内部温升在运行中难以获取的难题,针对运行工况及环境因素,提出了一种计算变压器实时损耗和散热热阻的方法,在此基础上建立了基于平均油温计算变压器顶油及热点温升的热路模型,分别对3台变压器的内部温度进行了计算,并与实测温度数据进行了比对分析。结果表明:计算得到的顶油温升最大误差不超过3 K,热点温升最大误差为4.3 K,均在工程应用误差范围内,验证了新建立的热路模型的准确性,可应用于现场实际运行变压器内部温度的预测。     

Increasing the operating life of power transformer winding insulation when upgrading 25-kV alternating current traction substations

Upgrading the traction power supply is an important task in developing railway power engineering. The Russian railway transport development strategy envisions updating power supply equipment, including the reconstruction of 763 traction substations, which will be very expensive. Power transformers are the main, and most expensive, apparatuses in traction substations. They account for more than 50% of the cost of substation equipment. Steps in increasing the operating life of power traction substations during upgrading the ac traction substations are described in the present article. Substation upgrading involves up-to-date equipment and technologies. The decision to replace or further use existing substation power transformers is primarily based on data on the real condition of transformers. The 25 kV alternating current power transformers traction substations operate with the high unbalanced current of windings. The current of the most loaded winding can possess double magnitude of currents in other windings, while the losses of windings differ by four times. A qualitative analysis of transformer operating life based on insulation wear for three traction substations is presented. The winding with maximum insulation wear is assessed on the basis of power consumption. In order to extend the operating life, windings need to be connected to neutral links of a traction substation.     

基于谐波电阻的变压器箔式绕组温升在线修正

绕组热点温度是配电变压器在线监测的重要指标,而现有的绕组温升在线计算方法未考虑箔式绕组结构产生的影响。通过配电变压器不同谐波下等效电阻比值对箔式绕组结构进行辨识,然后对比线绕式和箔式两种绕组结构发热差异,对一种通过绕组电阻变化计算绕组温升的算法进行了在线修正。该方法提供了一种通过谐波电阻比值预测箔式绕组热点温度的新思路。     

Air temperature effect on thermal models for ventilated dry-type transformers

The temperature of the air surrounding the windings of ventilated dry-type transformers is an important factor in the cooling of the windings since they are cooled only by the air. In particular, inner windings are sensitive to the air temperature in vertical cooling ducts. This study presents air temperature effect on the temperatures in foil-type inner winding for the dry-type transformers. A transformer rated at 2000 kVA was selected for the research and temperature distribution was calculated under constant and varying air temperatures inside vertical ducts at three different loads. The 2-D transient heat diffusion equation was solved using the finite element method by coupling it with the vector potential equation due to non-uniformly generated heat caused by eddy currents in the foil winding. The calculated temperatures at constant and varying air temperatures are presented together with experimental values. The numerical and experimental results of this study showed that the air temperature affects the accuracy of temperatures in foil-type inner winding greatly.     

一种配电变压器绕组变形故障的在线监测新方法

针对电网对变压器绕组健康状态在线监测的需求,提出了一种新的变压器绕组变形故障在线监测方法。通过在线测量两种不同负荷下一次侧和二次侧的电压电流,计算出变压器的短路电抗值,进而反映变压器绕组变形情况。此方法的突出优势在于无需空载调零,不受激磁电流变化影响,不受运行中配电变压器一次侧电压随电网电压波动的影响且精度很高。将所提方法应用于不同容量的配电变压器,仿真结果显示该方法能够精确有效地在线测量正常变压器和有不同程度变形故障的变压器的短路电抗值,从而实现配电变压器绕组变形故障的在线监测。依据本方法的特点,设计了实现短路电抗在线监测所必需的数据采集模块和分析模块。     

变压器线圈涡流损耗的解析算法

本文提出了变压器线圈涡流损耗的解析算法,给出了变压器窗口漏磁场及导体涡流损耗的解析公式,讨论了双重富氏级数收敛项数的选择,并以两台具有短路损耗实测值的变压器为例进行了计算、对比.     

Study and Analysis of the Effect of Harmonics on the Hot Spot Temperature of a Distribution Transformer Using Finite-Volume Method

Transformers are critical components in power systems and their failure can cause long interruption of power supply. The condition of a transformer can be monitored by performing thermal analysis. The use of non-linear devices, such as rectifiers and converters, draws harmonic currents that increase losses in transformers, thereby increasing their operating temperature. In this article, a new numerical approach is presented for determining the rise in hot spot temperature in a 5-kVA, 400/400-V dry-type three-phase transformer laboratory prototype. The key novelty is that the additional winding eddy current loss due to non-linear loads is considered in the numerical modeling. The winding eddy current loss corresponding to harmonic distortion is estimated by conducting experiments and calculations. Numerical simulations are carried out for a wide range of non-linear loads using a commercial computational fluid dynamics package, FLUENT 6.3. The proposed numerical methodology is validated by performing experiments on the transformer for possible non-linear loads and comparing the measured hot spot temperature with the simulated values. Correlation equations for rise in hot spot temperature as a function of total harmonic distortion are presented, which can be used for estimating the life of transformers when connected to different types of loads.     

Thermal Analysis of Power Transformer Using an Improved Dynamic Thermal Equivalent Circuit Model

Abstract

—To insure the health of power transformers insulation, its heat distribution in different operating conditions must be determined. In extended thermal equivalent circuits (TECs), less attention has been paid to losses and temperature distribution of different parts such as core, tank and metallic regions of transformer. Most previous works, hot-spot temperature of winding and top-oil were considered by available no-load and on-load losses of transformer. This paper extends the TEC to be able to evaluate fully the different operating conditions of transformer. Estimation of losses of different elements of transformer as heat generating source and thermal parameters of transformer are introduced as two major challenges of the proposed model. At this end, an appropriate three-dimensional finite element method is used to estimate the losses of different components of power transformer. In addition, to identify the transformer thermal parameters, a genetic algorithm is used by searching in chosen measurements. Finally, the results obtained by the TEC are compared with IEEE-Annex G method and measured temperature and high accuracy of the proposed model in temperature estimation in different parts of transformer are shown.     

Harmonic cancellation characteristics of specially connected transformers

Specially connected transformers such as V–V, Scott and Le-Blanc transformers are used to convert a three-phase supply into one or two single-phase supplies. These transformers are commonly used in the electro locomotive traction systems. This paper investigates the harmonic cancellation characteristics of such transformers. The results show that when two harmonic-producing loads are connected to each single-phase side of the transformers, the harmonics produced by the loads will cancel out at the primary sides of the transformers. The amount of cancellation is affected by transformer type and harmonic order. The study is performed for seven types of specially connected transformers.     

变压器绕组的电压谐振

以变压器绕组简化等值电路为基础研究了绕组的频率特性,明确了绕组存在节点谐振和线段谐振,并给出了其计算方法和测量方法.     

油浸式电流互感器一次绕组温升特性的计算与分析

分析了油浸式电流互感器一次绕组内外变压器油的流动与换热特性,提出了一套计算其流动与温升特性的数学模型,并研制了通用计算机软件。计算结果与不同规格、不同工况的产品试验结果基本一致。该计算方法和软件对提高油浸式电流互感器热设计水平、保证产品可靠性具有重要意义。该方法原则上也适用其他流体（ 如ＳＦ６） 作为绝缘介质的互感器热性能计算与分析。