焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物的脱除

为脱除焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物,采用一种酸性复合络合脱氮剂,以甲苯为溶剂,对焦化蜡油进行脱氮研究。实验考察了反应温度、反应时间、剂油比、沉降时间等条件对焦化蜡油碱性氮化物脱除的影响。实验结果表明:在反应温度为55℃、反应时间为40min、剂油比为1∶4、沉降时间为30min的条件下,焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物的脱除率可达91.34%,焦化蜡油收率达到95.54%。     

酸性离子液体脱除柴油中碱性氮化物

合成离子液体N-甲基吡咯烷酮磷酸二氢盐([Hnmp]H_2PO_4),用吡啶红外探针法测定其酸性。采用500μg/g的喹啉模型油考察其对油品中碱性氮化物的脱除性能。结果表明,在剂油质量比1∶7,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为30 min,静置时间120 min的条件下,模型油中碱性氮化物的脱除率可达到98.64%。在离子液体[Hnmp]H_2PO_4回收利用4次后,碱氮脱除率仍在96%以上。同时该离子液体也能有效脱除碱氮含量高达0.52%(质量分数)的抚顺页岩油柴油馏分中的氮化物,当剂油质量比为1∶1时,柴油馏分的碱氮脱除率可达94.25%。     

酸性离子液体脱除柴油中碱性氮化物

合成离子液体N-甲基吡咯烷酮磷酸二氢盐([Hnmp]H_2PO_4),用吡啶红外探针法测定其酸性。采用500μg/g的喹啉模型油考察其对油品中碱性氮化物的脱除性能。结果表明,在剂油质量比1∶7,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为30 min,静置时间120 min的条件下,模型油中碱性氮化物的脱除率可达到98.64%。在离子液体[Hnmp]H_2PO_4回收利用4次后,碱氮脱除率仍在96%以上。同时该离子液体也能有效脱除碱氮含量高达0.52%(质量分数)的抚顺页岩油柴油馏分中的氮化物,当剂油质量比为1∶1时,柴油馏分的碱氮脱除率可达94.25%。     

焦化柴油碱性氮的脱除

用LCH脱氮剂脱除焦化柴油中的碱性氮化物，考察了脱氮剂与柴油质量比、反应温度、搅拌时间、沉降时间对碱性氮化物脱除效果的影响。结果表明，增大脱氮剂与柴油质量比、延长搅拌时间及沉降时间，均可提高焦化柴油中碱性氮化物的脱除率。当脱氮剂与柴油质量比为1：100、搅拌时间为30min、反应温度为20℃时，沉降4h后，碱性氮化物的脱除率达97％，同时柴油回收率达99．15％。     

煤焦油中碱性氮化物的脱除

采取了络合脱氮法和吸附脱氮法,以甲苯为稀释溶剂,对煤焦油进行脱氮研究.考察了反应时间、反应温度、剂油比等条件对煤焦油中碱性氮化物脱除的影响.实验结果表明:络合脱氮法反应温度80℃、反应时间30min、剂油比为1∶1的条件下,煤焦油中碱性氮化物的脱除率可达到73.34％,煤焦油的收率达到82.00％.树脂吸附法在剂油为0.8时,对碱性氮化物的脱除率最高,可达到95.1％.     

柴油中碱性氮化物脱除的研究

采用PS复合溶剂脱除催化柴油中的碱性氮化物，以改善催化柴油的质量和储存安定性；考察了精制溶剂组成、剂油比、精制温度、反应时间及静置时间对脱碱氮的影响。实验结果表明，采用V（甲醇）：V（二甲基亚砜）：V（聚丙烯酰胺）：V（NaOH溶液）=2：1：0．5：6．5，复配的复合溶剂作为络合溶剂、络合时间3min、剂油比0．02、络合温度为室温时效果最佳，精制后的柴油，色度由25下降为14，碱氮脱除率达到92．30％。精制后的催柴油品颜色和氧化安定性得到了显著提高。     

固体超强酸脱除柴油中碱性氮

采用固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2和分子筛改性固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/USY作为脱氮剂脱除柴油中碱性氮化物,对两者的脱氮效果进行比较,选取合适的脱氮剂,并考察了脱氮剂与柴油质量比、反应温度、搅拌时间和沉降时间对碱性氮化物脱除效果的影响。结果表明,分子筛改性后固体超强酸的脱氮能力有较大提高,且增大脱氮剂与柴油质量比、升高反应温度、延长搅拌时间和沉降时间均可提高柴油中碱性氮化物的脱除率。选取SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/USY作为脱氮剂,当其与柴油质量比为6:100、反应温度20℃、搅拌时间30 min和沉降时间60 min,柴油中碱性氮的脱除率达78.36%,柴油回收率可达84.37%。     

络合法脱除页岩油中碱性氮化物的实验研究

应用酸性复合溶剂络合法脱除抚顺页岩油碱性氮化物.结果表明:在反应温度64℃、反应时间20min、精制剂剂油比0.068∶1、氧化剂剂油比0.03∶1的条件下通过简单的实验方法能够有效地脱除页岩油中的碱性氮化物,碱性氮脱除率为79.31％,油品收率为80.45％.得到精制油可用于加氢精制.     

利用抚顺页岩油生产0~#柴油的研究

利用实验室自制复合溶剂络合精制抚顺页岩油脱除其中碱性氮化物,考察了反应时间、反应温度、剂油比、助剂加入量对精制效果的影响。确定最佳实验条件为:反应时间为5 min,反应温度为60℃,剂油体积比为0.06,助剂体积比为1∶1,此条件下精制油收率为91.62%,最后对精制油进行蒸馏萃取得到合格的0#柴油。     

抚顺页岩油碱性氮化物的脱除

用LCH-28脱氮剂脱除抚顺页岩油中的碱性氮化物.LCH-28脱氮剂主要由Bronsted酸和Lewis酸(占脱氮剂总重量的0.1％～10％)组成.当剂油质量比为1∶10、反应时间为10 min、反应温度为80～90℃、保温沉降时间为180 min时,碱性氮化物的脱除率达到85.2％,相应的页岩油损失率为18.3％,探...     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.