以生育酚为目标的油脂脱臭馏出物的生产

近年来 ,富含生育酚的脱臭馏出物具有很高的应用价值。脱臭馏出物中生育酚的含量与油脂精炼工艺、脱臭时间、脱臭温度、捕集器温度、蒸汽用量和系统真空度等因素有关。提出一些建议以提高脱臭馏出物中生育酚的含量 ,但不影响精炼油的质量。     

油脂脱臭馏出物的组成与市场前景

脱臭馏出物是脱臭工序的副产物 ,其中含有游离脂肪酸、甘油酯、臭味物质、氧化分解产物、生育酚、甾醇及甾醇酯等。目前 ,脱臭馏出物因其中富含生育酚和甾醇而具有很高的应用价值。优化脱臭系统和妥善处理收集脱臭馏出物是提高脱臭馏出物中生育酚含量的有效方法。     

提高脱臭蒸馏物中生育酚含量方法的探讨

富含生育酚的脱臭蒸馏物，具有很好的经济价值。原料油脂的种类，油脂精炼加工工艺，加工条件及贮藏条件，都会影响到脱臭蒸馏物中生育酚的含量     

从脱臭馏出物提取天然生育酚研究进展

天然维生素E(生育酚)是一种优良生理活性物质和良好抗氧化剂,具有广阔开发前景和市场需求。该文介绍植物油精炼加工副产物脱臭馏出物主要成分及天然维生素E生物活性,重点综述从不同植物油脱臭馏出物中提取生育酚方法,为扩大天然生育酚制备途径和提高油脂加工业经济效益提供参考。     

优化脱臭馏出物制取生育酚方法

<正>本文是为了指导植物油精炼厂商增加脱臭馏出物价值,文中谈及方案对优化提高脱臭馏出物内生育酚价值有效,但并不会影响精炼油质量.脱臭是在高温、真空下进行汽提工艺,是油脂精炼最后一步工艺,藉以生产具清淡风味,稳定性油.脱臭馏出物是其副产品,其中含有多种     

植物油脱臭馏出物生物活性成分提取与纯化技术研究进展

油脂脱臭馏出物是植物油精炼脱臭时副产品,含有生育酚、甾醇、角鲨烯等生物活性成分,提取和纯化这些活性成分已成为研究热点;该文综述植物油脱臭馏出物生物活性成分提取与纯化技术研究进展。     

油脂脱臭馏出物中多环芳烃含量及检测方法研究

植物油精炼的副产物——脱臭馏出物是提取和生产天然维生素E和植物甾醇的原料,针对油脂脱臭馏出物特殊的黏稠性状和复杂组分,对其中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量检测方法和样品前处理条件进行优化研究,建立了液液分配萃取-硅胶SPE柱净化-同位素稀释法-气相色谱串联质谱法(GC-MS)定量检测油脂脱臭馏出物中16种PAHs的方法。结果表明:油脂脱臭馏出物中16种PAHs的检出限和定量限分别为0. 10～0. 28μg/kg和0. 33～0. 92μg/kg,回收率为83. 92%～112. 34%,方法检测灵敏度高、稳定性好、定性及定量准确,能很好地满足对脱臭馏出物中PAHs的检测。利用优化的检测方法分别对6个不同的脱臭馏出物样品中PAHs含量进行检测分析,结果发现脱臭馏出物中BaP、PAH4、PAH16的平均含量分别为11. 89、217. 19、2 268. 85μg/kg,其中LPAHs是主要的PAHs污染物,占PAH16总量的90. 34%～95. 61%。结果提示在利用油脂脱臭馏出物作为维生素E和植物甾醇的提取原料时应充分注意其多环芳烃的安全风险。     

真空蒸馏-萃取法提纯天然生育酚的工艺

以甲酯化的大豆油脱臭馏出物为原料,从中分离提纯天然生育酚.首先将甲酯化后的大豆油脱臭馏出物进行冷冻结晶,通过离心分离甾醇;然后再采用真空蒸馏和乙醇萃取工艺提纯生育酚.研究了提纯的工艺条件及工艺过程中生育酚含量的变化.实验结果表明,经过提纯后生育酚含量为55.7%,生育酚总收率约为89.0%.     

高酸值小麦胚芽油的精炼工艺

采用传统脱胶、中和、脱色和连续喷射脱臭精炼小麦胚芽油，并测定加工条件对油脂的影响。毛小麦胚芽油含磷1428mg／kg，游离脂肪酸(FFA)15．7％，生育酚总量2682mg／kg，过氧化值(PV)：10mmol／kg。脱胶不能明显降低磷含量。在脱胶、中和、脱色过程中，生育酚总量无明显变化。采用三个脱臭温度和三个保留时间的因素实验设计，测定脱臭过程中油脂变化。高温长时脱臭油脂的FFA．PV．色泽较低。在250℃脱臭9min不能明显降低生育酚含量，但在290℃脱臭30min，生育酚明显降低。改变传统的油脂精炼方法可生产优质的小麦胚芽油。     

油脂脱臭馏出物的回收和利用

在油脂脱臭过程中，可以得到油脂总量约０．３％左右的馏出物，其中含有有ＶＥ效果的生育酚及甾醇等。以有效的回收工艺，将脱臭馏出物作为浓缩生育酚的原料，采用甲醇酯化和分子蒸馏组合的工艺和设备，可以制取纯度７０％以上的生育酚浓缩物，回收率在５０％—６０％。     

Tocopherol composition of deodorization distillates and their antioxidative activity

During the last stage of plant oil refining, deodorization distillates containing very important biological substances such as tocopherols, sterols, terpenoids or hydrocarbons are formed as a by-products. This study aimed at evaluating the content and antioxidant capacity of tocopherol concentrates from deodorization distillates obtained after the refining of rapeseed, soybean and sunflower oil. The majority of the matrix substances were eliminated from deodorization distillates by freezing with an acetone solution at -70 degrees C. The tocopherol concentrates obtained in this way contained approximately fivefold more tocopherols than the quantity in condensates after deodorization. Antioxidant activity was investigated by observing the peroxide value at 25 degrees C and using the Oxidograph test. The test medium was lard enriched with the tocopherol concentrates of the three plant oils versus single, synthetic alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols (-T), which served for comparison. In these model systems, all investigated tocopherol concentrates exhibited antioxidant capacity. Their antioxidant effect was significantly lower than that of single delta-T and gamma-T, but significantly higher than alpha-T. The results prove that natural tocopherol concentrates obtained from plant oils are valuable food antioxidants and they also increase the biological and nutritional value of food especially when administered to animal fats or food of animal origin. Tocopherol concentrates can fully replace synthetic antioxidants that have been used thus far.     

DL-α-生育酚与油酸甲酯在超临界CO_2流体中的相平衡

验证了超临界二氧化碳作为从油脂脱臭馏出物中分离生育酚的可行性 .采用一套气液相交替循环的测定装置对油酸甲酯 -二氧化碳、生育酚 -二氧化碳体系进行了相平衡数据的测定 ,并据此进行了油酸甲酯、生育酚在超临界二氧化碳中溶解度、分配系数的分析 ,为超临界二氧化碳萃馏装置的设计积累了必要的基础数据 .     

A new technological approach proposed for distillate production using immobilized cells

A new technological approach to distillate production using immobilized cells was investigated. The effect of temperature on the main volatile by-products in distillates was determined. Wines produced by delignified cellulose-, gluten- and kissiris-supported biocatalysis were used as starting materials. The produced distillates were analyzed for ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, propanol-1, isobutanol and amyl alcohol content. The results showed that distillates from delignified cellulosic material (DCM) at 16 degrees C contained smaller amounts of amyl alcohols, 57% of that produced by gluten and 32% of that produced by kissiris. The ethyl acetate content of distillates from DCM improved the aroma of distillates. These results agree with those of sensory evaluation. Subsequently, the scale-up for low-temperature distillate production at 16 degrees C using DCM was further investigated. A new version of an industrial multi-stage fixed bed tower (MFBT) bioreactor with a capacity of 11,000 l proved to be suitable for continuous fermentation by DCM-supported biocatalysis. Economic analysis showed a reduction in the cost of almost 30% for distillate production and 78% for wine production.     

Expression of modified tocopherol content and profile in sunflower tissues

BACKGROUND: Alpha‐tocopherol is the predominant tocopherol form in sunflower seeds. Sunflower lines that accumulate increased levels of beta‐, gamma‐ and delta‐tocopherol in seeds as well as lines with reduced and increased total seed tocopherol content have been developed. The objective of this research was to evaluate whether the modified tocopherol levels are expressed in plant tissues other than seeds. RESULTS: Lines with increased levels of beta‐, gamma‐ and delta‐tocopherol in seeds also possessed increased levels of these tocopherols in leaves, roots and pollen. Correlation coefficients for the proportion of individual tocopherols in different plant tissues were significantly positive in all cases, ranging from 0.68 to 0.97. A line with reduced tocopherol content in seeds also showed reduced content in roots and pollen. CONCLUSION: Genetic modifications producing altered seed tocopherol profiles in sunflower are also expressed in leaves, roots and pollen. Reduced total seed tocopherol content is mainly expressed at the root and pollen level. The expression of tocopherol mutations in other plant tissues will enable further studies on the physiological role of tocopherols and could be of interest for early selection for these traits in breeding programmes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

The dynamics of tocopherol and the effect of high temperature in developing sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) embryo

To improve sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) oil quality, the pattern of tocopherol and the effect of brief interval of high temperature on tocopherol accumulation during embryo development were investigated. Total tocopherol content increased linearly from 12 to 33 days after anthesis (DAA) and then remained stable until maturity. γ-Tocopherol content reached a maximum on 33 DAA and then decreased. δ-Tocopherol was not detected until 19 DAA. The effect of brief interval of high temperature (?35 °C for seven consecutive days) on tocopherol accumulation was studied. The accelerating effect of high temperature on tocopherol accumulation on a dry weight basis was detected, but the reduction of tocopherol yield occurred from 12 to 19 DAA because the embryo dry weight was reduced significantly. However, the embryos exposed to a temperature of 35 °C from 12 to 19 DAA significantly increased the tocopherol yield per embryo, with no effect on the dry matter weight. These results are useful for evaluating the tocopherol content in sunflower oil and may help recognizing high quality of the oil.     

Aroma compounds in barrel aged apple distillates from two different distillation techniques

The major fermentation and maturation related congeners in apple distillates from two different distillation techniques (alembic and column), matured in oak for 18 months, were measured by GC‐MS and HPLC. Together with a higher ethanol content, column distillates had higher ethyl acetate, methanol and n‐propanol levels compared with alembic distillates. A higher content of acetaldehyde was characteristic of the alembic distillates. The concentrations of i‐butanol, n‐butanol, amyl alcohols and n‐hexanol were not affected by the distillation technique used. Increasing the ageing time of distillates in oak resulted in an increase in the contents of acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and amyl alcohols while the content of methanol decreased during ageing. Throughout ageing, there were no significant changes in the concentrations of n‐propanol, i‐butanol, n‐butanol and n‐hexanol. Among the maturation related compounds, gallic acid, ellagic acid, vanillin and syringaldehyde were determined in apple distillates with ellagic acid being the most abundant. The contents of gallic acid and ellagic acid increased during ageing whereas vanillin and syringaldehyde slightly increased throughout the 18 months of maturation. © 2019 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

浓香型白酒在蒸馏过程中不同馏分风味物质变化规律的探索与研究(上)

通过分析检测浓香型白酒在蒸馏过程中不同馏分风味物质的含量,以及在贮存过程中主要成分的变化规律,确定了浓香型白酒在蒸馏提取过程中不同馏分酒中醇、醛、酸、酯等主要风味物质的含量和变化规律及不同馏分酒在不同贮存期主要风味物质的变化规律,并找出不同馏分原酒中风味物质的含量与流酒时间、酒度之间关系,便于指导生产,做到科学蒸馏、量质摘酒和分级贮存。     

仁怀大曲酱香轮次基酒质量状况研究

通过对仁怀区域内具有代表性的酒厂进行抽样检测及勾兑品评分析,仁怀大曲酱香各轮次基酒质量状况得到了评估。结果表明,部分轮次基酒质量指标与《仁怀大曲酱香酒技术标准体系》的要求相比,存在偏低问题,其中一轮次基酒酒精度合格率非常低,仅有21.05%;二轮次和五轮次基酒的总酸合格率也较低,分别为44.44%和35.29%;五轮次基酒的总酯合格率较低为52.94%。另外,正丙醇和乙醛分别在一、二轮次基酒中含量总体较高。综合基酒理化及感官检验结果表明,成品酒合格率符合《仁怀大曲酱香酒技术标准体系》及GB/T 26760-2011《酱香型白酒》要求比例,分别为71.2%和98.1%,表明仁怀大曲酱香轮次基酒的品质总体满足勾兑合格成品大曲酱香酒的要求。     

Ageing and irradiance enhance vitamin E content in green edible tissues from crop plants

BACKGROUND: Tocopherol (vitamin E) is an antioxidant essential in human nutrition. Several approaches have aimed to enhance tocopherol content in crops by the genetic modification of plants, a practice that generates some social concern. As tocopherol accumulates with leaf age in some wild plants and the antioxidant mechanisms respond with flexibility to stress conditions, it is hypothesised that tocopherol content can be increased in edible plants by the manipulation of harvesting time and growth conditions, in particular irradiance. RESULTS: Ontogenic changes in tocopherol concentration have been studied in photosynthetic tissues of edible leaves (lettuce, spinach, corn salad and dandelion) and green fruits (cucumber and pepper). In all species, tocopherol content increased with tissue age. Spinach showed the fastest rate of tocopherol accumulation, and growth at higher irradiance had a synergistic effect on the rate of accumulation. The same irradiance dependence of this accumulation was observed in fruits, but a final decrease with senescence occurred in cucumber. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the content of tocopherol in vegetables can be notably enhanced (or reduced) by simply selecting the appropriate harvesting time and/or by manipulating the environmental conditions during the growth period. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

The impact of treatment of cereal mashes with hydrolases of non‐starch polysaccharides and pullulanase on the chemical composition of the obtained distillates

The distilling industry has been looking for more efficient technologies for spirit production. The pressureless starch liberation method (PLS) is an energy‐saving alternative to high‐pressure treatment of starch raw materials. Also, one of the promising solutions is the use of supportive enzymatic preparations during the mashing of starch raw materials. Rye and corn mashes obtained by the PLS method were treated with enzymes (pullulanase, xylanase, cellulases and cellobiase). The composition of volatile compounds in the distillates of the fermentation mashes was determined. Acetaldehyde was the dominant aliphatic carbonyl compound found in the raw distillates. Rye‐based fermentation distillates contained small amounts of propionaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde and isovaleraldehyde, which were not found in any of the corn distillates. The treatment of mashes with cellulolytic preparations caused an increase in the methanol content of the obtained distillates. All of the mashes treated with auxiliary enzymes yielded raw distillates with much higher levels of higher alcohols. The application of hydrolases of non‐starch polysaccharides, or pullulanase preparations, during the mashing of the starch raw materials affects the chemical composition of the distillates. Xylanase and pullulanase can be used in the processing of rye and corn mashes for subsequent use in distilled ethanol beverage production. Copyright © 2014 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling