高阻值Cd_(1-x)Zn_xTe晶体的生长及其性能测试

通过适当的工艺措施,采用Bridgman法生长了直径为30mm的X射线及γ射线探测器级的Cd0 9Zn0 1Te晶锭.测试结果表明:该晶锭结晶质量良好,位错密度低,成分均匀,杂质含量低,红外透过率和电阻率都十分接近本征Cd0 9Zn0 1Te的值.并从晶体的生长特性、缺陷和杂质的角度,分析了生长高性能晶体的条件,研究了生长Cd1-xZnxTe晶体的x值与缺陷和杂质浓度之间的关系     

高阻值Cd1-xZnxTe晶体的生长及其性能测试

通过适当的工艺措施,采用Bridgman法生长了直径为30mm的X射线及γ射线探测器级的Cd0.9Zn0.1Te晶锭.测试结果表明:该晶锭结晶质量良好,位错密度低,成分均匀,杂质含量低,红外透过率和电阻率都十分接近本征Cd0.9Zn0.1Te的值.并从晶体的生长特性、缺陷和杂质的角度,分析了生长高性能晶体的条件,研究了生长Cd1-xZnxTe晶体的x值与缺陷和杂质浓度之间的关系.     

改进的垂直布里奇曼法生长CdZnTe晶体中的成分偏离现象

采用多种测试方法,对改进的垂直布里奇曼法生长Cd0.96Zn0.04Te晶体中的成分偏离标准化学计量比现象及其对晶体性能的影响进行了研究.X射线能谱成分测试表明,在晶锭的头部即初始结晶位置,(Cd Zn)/Te比大于1;而在中部及末端,小于1.表明这种方法生长的CZT晶体仍然存在对标准化学计量比的偏离现象,开始结晶是在富Cd熔体中,生长至中后段则是在富Te条件下进行的.PL谱测试表明,富Cd的晶片内存在大量Te空位,严重富Te的晶片内Cd空位及其杂质复合体等引起的缺陷密度显著增加.晶体红外透过率测试结果表明,接近化学计量配比的CZT晶片具有高的红外透过率.     

改进的垂直布里奇曼法生长CdZnTe晶体中的成分偏离现象

采用多种测试方法,对改进的垂直布里奇曼法生长Cd0.96Zn0.04Te晶体中的成分偏离标准化学计量比现象及其对晶体性能的影响进行了研究.X射线能谱成分测试表明,在晶锭的头部即初始结晶位置,(Cd+Zn)/Te比大于1;而在中部及末端,小于1.表明这种方法生长的CZT晶体仍然存在对标准化学计量比的偏离现象,开始结晶是在富Cd熔体中,生长至中后段则是在富Te条件下进行的.PL谱测试表明,富Cd的晶片内存在大量Te空位,严重富Te的晶片内Cd空位及其杂质复合体等引起的缺陷密度显著增加.晶体红外透过率测试结果表明,接近化学计量配比的CZT晶片具有高的红外透过率.     

高阻CdZnTe晶体的退火处理

获得高电阻率的、完整性好的 Cd Zn Te晶体是研制高性能的 Cd Zn Teγ射线探测器的关键 .运用热力学关系估算了 Cd1 - x Znx 熔体平衡分压 ,尝试以 Cd1 - x Znx 合金源替代 Cd源进行 Cd0 .8Zn0 .2 Te晶片的热处理 ,研究了退火对 Cd0 .8Zn0 .2 Te晶片质量的影响 .结果表明 :在 10 6 9K下用 Cd0 .8Zn0 .2 合金源 (PZn=0 .12 2e5 Pa和 PCd=1.2 0e5 Pa)对 Cd0 .8Zn0 .2 Te晶片退火 5天以上 ,可提高晶体电阻率一个数量级和晶体红外透过率 10 %以上 ,并可消除或减小晶片中的 Te沉淀 ,同时避免了 Zn的损失 ,改善 Zn的径向分布 .可见 ,采用 Cd1 - x Zn     

ZnCdTe衬底上HgCdTe分子束外延的位错密度

报道了用 MBE的方法 ,在 Zn Cd Te衬底上制备 Hg Cd Te薄膜的位错密度研究结果。研究发现Hg Cd Te材料的位错密度与 Zn Cd Te衬底的表面晶体损伤、Hg Cd Te生长条件以及材料组分密切相关。通过衬底制备以及生长条件的优化 ,在 Zn Cd Te衬底上生长的长波 Hg Cd Te材料 EPD平均值达到 4.2× 1 0 5cm- 2 ,标准差为 3 .5× 1 0 5cm- 2 ,接近 Zn Cd Te衬底的位错极限。可重复性良好 ,材料位错合格率为 73 .7%。可以满足高性能Hg Cd Te焦平面探测器对材料位错密度的要求     

高阻碲锌镉单晶体的生长及其性能观测

报道了采用富Cd原料的无籽晶垂直布里奇曼法生长高阻碲锌镉Cd0.8Zn0.2Te(CZT)单晶体的新工艺,对所生长的晶体作了X射线衍射分析、红外透过率测试、光吸收截止波长测量及电学性能测试.晶体在4400～450cm-1范围内的红外透过率达到50%,截止吸收波长为787.6nm,带隙为1.574eV,室温电阻率达到2×1010Ω·cm,已接近本征Cd0.8Zn0.2Te半导体的理论值.用该晶体制作的核探测器在室温下对241Am和109Cd放射源均有响应,并获得了比较好的241Am-59.5keV吸收谱.结果表明改进的方法是一种生长室温核辐射探测器应用的高阻CZT单晶体的简便有效的新方法.     

高阻碲锌镉单晶体的生长及其性能观测

报道了采用富Cd原料的无籽晶垂直布里奇曼法生长高阻碲锌镉Cd0.8Zn0.2Te(CZT)单晶体的新工艺,对所生长的晶体作了X射线衍射分析、红外透过率测试、光吸收截止波长测量及电学性能测试.晶体在4400～450cm-1范围内的红外透过率达到50%,截止吸收波长为787.6nm,带隙为1.574eV,室温电阻率达到2×1010Ω·cm,已接近本征Cd0.8Zn0.2Te半导体的理论值.用该晶体制作的核探测器在室温下对241Am和109Cd放射源均有响应,并获得了比较好的241Am-59.5keV吸收谱.结果表明改进的方法是一种生长室温核辐射探测器应用的高阻CZT单晶体的简便有效的新方法.     

退火对CdZnTe晶体质量的影响

我们用红外透射光谱和X射线双晶衍射等，研究了退火对CdZnTe晶体质量的影响．结果表明，在Cd气氛中，700℃，退火5小时以上，能大量地去除晶片中的Te沉淀，提高其红外透射比；同时，退火也导致了晶片表面的损伤，损伤层为50～130μm．表面结构损伤的原因是，（1）Cd气氛中退火，CdZnTe晶体表面的Zn损失；（2）退火过程中，吸附在沉淀物周围的杂质，尤其是快扩散杂质，将随着沉淀相的消失而迁移到晶体的表面，从而破坏了表面的晶体结构．退火后，磨去损伤层，可将聚集在表面的这些杂质除去，更有利于外延生长或器件制备．     

高阻CdZnTe晶体的退火处理

获得高电阻率的、完整性好的CdZnTe晶体是研制高性能的CdZnTe γ射线探测器的关键.运用热力学关系估算了Cd1-xZnx熔体平衡分压,尝试以Cd1-xZnx合金源替代Cd源进行Cd0.8Zn0.2Te晶片的热处理,研究了退火对Cd0.8Zn0.2Te晶片质量的影响.结果表明：在1069K下用Cd0.8Zn0.2合金源（PZn=0.122×105Pa和PCd=1.20×105Pa）对Cd0.8Zn0.2Te晶片退火5天以上,可提高晶体电阻率一个数量级和晶体红外透过率10%以上,并可消除或减小晶片中的Te沉淀,同时避免了Zn的损失,改善Zn的径向分布.可见,采用Cd1-xZnx合金源代替Cd源控制进行CZT退火处理优于仅采用Cd源控制的退火处理.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.