人工神经网络法计算非芳香族多硝基化合物的生成焓

用误差反向传播(BP)的人工神经网络模型及分子结构描述码作为输入特征参数预测非芳香族多硝基化合物的生成焓，研究了网络参数及分子结构描述码的影响，同时按分子结构描述码进行了多元线性回归，取得了满意的结果，其回归方程相关系数达到了0．9977，精度高于文献值。绝大多数相对误差在10％以内。     

用Boosting算法预测多硝基芳香族化合物的密度

采用Boosting算法对多硝基芳香族化合物（PNACs）的密度进行预估。选用分子结构描述码作为输入特征参数。结果表明，PNACs的密度与其分子结构存在良好的相关性，与人工神经网络相比，Boosting算法对预测的准确性有显著提高，预测结果的相对误差都在8％以内。     

用胶束电动毛细管色谱分离芳香族硝基化合物

介绍胶束电动毛细管色谱分离非离子型的八种毒性很大的芳香族硝基化合物，探讨了这些化合物的迁移特性和电泳溶液ＰＨ值对分离的影响。     

硝酸铋和活性炭催化的水合肼还原芳香族硝基化合物制芳胺

研究了以硝酸铋和活性炭催化水合肼还原芳香族硝基化合物制备芳胺的反应.以硝基苯为底物,考察了硝酸铋和活性炭用量对反应的影响.结果表明,还原1 mmol硝基苯,Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和活性炭的适宜用量分别为0.06和0.1 g.在适宜的条件下,9种芳香族硝基化合物被还原为芳胺的收率为78%～99%.芳香族硝基化合物中取代基对反应结果有较大影响.催化剂的活性随使用次数的增加而下降,其活性下降的原因是硝酸铋的流失.     

芳香族硝基化合物定量分析技术的研究

综述了近年来国内外芳香族硝基化合物检测方法的应用实例与研究进展,并对各方法适用条件、检测限、检测范围、优势与不足等方面进行了介绍。旨在为各种芳香族硝基化合物的检测与定量分析提供参考,并对分析方法发展趋势做出展望。     

Cu(Ⅰ)-BCA催化水合肼绿色选择性还原芳香族硝基化合物

获得了一种温和的将芳香族硝基化合物选择性还原为相应的芳胺的方法,产率高,反应温度仅80℃。这一方法特别适用于分子中存在如Cl,Br和COCH_3等还原性基团的芳香族硝基化合物的还原,反应清洁高效,Cu(Ⅰ)-BCA催化剂可重复使用。     

芳香族硝基化合物废水处理现状及发展前景

从物理、化学和生化3个方面综述了芳香族硝基化合物废水处理技术的现状,介绍了最新的废水处理技术——纳米技术,并展望了含芳香族硝基化合物废水处理技术的应用前景。     

用Boosting算法预测多硝基芳香族化合物的密度

采用Boosting算法对多硝基芳香族化合物(PNACs)的密度进行预估.选用分子结构描述码作为输入特征参数.结果表明,PNACs的密度与其分子结构存在良好的相关性,与人工神经网络相比,Boosting算法对预测的准确性有显著提高,预测结果的相对误差都在8%以内.     

芳香族硝基化合物合成的最新研究进展

综述了近年来芳香族硝基化合物合成的研究进展,主要包括芳香硼酸、芳香卤化物及拟卤化物、芳香羧酸及芳烃碳-氢键的硝化反应、芳香胺及叠氮化合物的氧化及其反应机理的探讨。     

芳香族硝基化合物改性煤沥青研究

以煤沥青为原料,通过添加不同含量的芳香族硝基化合物对煤沥青进行改性处理,采用TG、CO2反应性、XRD和SEM对改性沥青焦进行表征。结果表明,芳香族硝基化合物有效地促进了煤沥青在炭化过程中的焦化缩聚,使产物沥青焦结构更加致密,并在一定程度上改变了沥青焦的氧化行为,从而显著提高了沥青黏结焦的抗氧化性能。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。