大豆胚轴提取物体外对小肠黏膜蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶及葡萄糖转运活性的影响

在体外比色法观察大豆胚轴提取物对大鼠小肠黏膜蔗糖酶和麦芽糖酶活性的影响,并用快速过滤法观察其对兔小肠刷状缘囊泡葡萄糖转运活性的影响。结果表明,大豆胚轴提取物明显降低大鼠小肠蔗糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性和兔小肠刷状缘囊泡葡萄糖转运能力。提示,大豆胚轴提取物可延缓小肠对糖的消化和吸收,经常食用可能有助于延缓餐后血糖的持续升高。     

6种栽培品种南瓜提取物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的研究

目的:对6种不同栽培品种南瓜(金钩、甜面、日本、辽宁新民金钩、超甜蜜本、蜜本)提取物α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性进行研究。方法:通过建立体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型,对南瓜提取物进行活性筛选,并对提取物浓度与抑制活性关系进行研究。结果:6种栽培品种南瓜不同溶剂提取物均有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,其中,金钩南瓜石油醚提取物的抑制活性最好(IC50=143.91μg/mL),活性远大于阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC50=1103.01μg/mL)。不同溶剂提取物显示石油醚提取物抑制活性均高于乙酸乙酯提取物和甲醇提取物。结论:6种栽培品种南瓜提取物均有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,但不同品种其抑制活性具有一定的差别。     

芭蕉的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

利用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型对芭蕉花与根提取物进行活性评价,并与阳性对照Acarbose比较,发现芭蕉花与根提取物均能抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性。除芭蕉花的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物外,其他提取物活性均远大于阳性对照Acarbose(IC50=1103.01μg·mL-1)。其中,芭蕉根和花的石油醚提取物的活性最高(IC50=32.03μg·mL-1和49.37μg·mL-1)。不同部位比较,芭蕉根的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性好于花;同一部位不同溶剂的提取物比较,石油醚提取物α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性高于乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物。     

枇杷抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性部位的筛选及其酶动力学

比较研究枇杷不同药用部位(根、茎、叶、花、果肉、种子)醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,并探究最强活性部位及其总黄酮的酶促反应动力学特征。采用95%乙醇超声提取制备枇杷不同药用部位醇提取物,超声辅助浸提并经AB-8大孔树脂制备总黄酮,利用紫外光谱法测定α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,通过酶促动力学方法与Lineweaver-Burk曲线推断酶抑制类型。结果表明,枇杷不同药用部位醇提取物均具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性强弱依次为花>茎>根>叶>果肉>种子,α-淀粉酶抑制活性强弱依次为根>茎>花>叶>果肉>种子。枇杷花醇提取物、枇杷花总黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性半抑制浓度(half inhibitory concentration, IC₅₀)值分别为(4.65±0.35)、(0.017 4±0.003 5) g/L,均为可逆非竞争性抑制类型;对α-淀粉酶抑制活性IC₅₀值分别为(14.41±0.59)、(1.57±0.03)g/L...     

不同月份香椿不同部位叶片提取物中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的分布规律及其降血糖活性

为探究不同月份香椿不同部位叶片提取物中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的分布规律和降血糖效果,2020年8~11月,从3棵香椿树中采集36个样本,φ=50%乙醇提取α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。分析香椿叶提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性、酶抑制动力学和荧光光谱特征。进而将不同浓度香椿叶提取物与质量分数为3%葡萄糖共暴露斑马鱼,研究在斑马鱼体内的降血糖效果。结果表明：香椿叶中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的时间分布规律为8月、11月抑制率较高,可达99%;空间分布规律为从上层到下层抑制率依次递减, α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性在时间和空间呈现显著性差异。香椿叶提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制的IC50为0.45 mg/mL,远低于阳性对照阿卡波糖5.05 mg/mL。香椿叶提取物的酶抑制类型为竞争性抑制,香椿叶提取物与酶的相互作用模式属于动态荧光猝灭。当香椿叶提取物暴露浓度为4 mg/L时,斑马鱼体内血糖浓度与高糖组有显著性差异。该研究为从香椿叶中大量提取α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制的采样方法设计及开发一种新型降血糖药物提供理论支持。     

蜂胶乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

为了研究蜂胶对餐后血糖控制机理,本实验采用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型研究蜂胶乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,并采用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法研究其动力学性质。结果表明,蜂胶乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为(0.8260±0.1754)mg/mL,抑制常数(KI)为(0.0265±0.0060)mg/mL。动力学研究表明,蜂胶乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用为典型的非竞争性抑制。     

红松松球鳞片多酚对α淀粉酶和α葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

本文研究了红松松球鳞片多酚对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,并采用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法分析了其动力学性质。结果表明,红松松球鳞片多酚对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用略弱于阳性对照阿卡波糖,二者的半数抑制浓度分别为713.94μg/m L和623.73μg/m L;对α-淀粉酶的抑制作用明显不及阳性对照阿卡波糖,二者的半数抑制浓度分别为1902.91μg/m L和865.96μg/m L。动力学分析结果显示红松松球鳞片多酚对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用均为非竞争性抑制类型。     

不同品种生姜提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

从34种生姜中筛选对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制效果最好的品种,以期从中得到一种能较好控制餐后血糖的功能成分,提高生姜附加值。采用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂体外筛选模型,通过抑制率高低确定最佳提取溶剂及抑制作用最好的生姜品种,以酶浓度-反应速度及L-B作图法确定酶抑制类型。生姜乙醇提取物抑制率为66.2%,最高,云南罗平小黄姜乙醇提取物抑制率为88.58%,最高。其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型为可逆抑制中的非竞争性抑制,米氏常数Km为3.14×10-3mol/L。生姜中含有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂且抑制效果显著。     

基于α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性评价青稞全粉提取物抑制效果及其相互作用

青稞是我国青藏高原地区特有的粮食作物,具有良好的改善血糖代谢功效,但其具体降糖活性成分以及它们之间的配伍关系尚未明确。以青稞全粉为研究对象,提取青稞全粉中的多酚、多糖、多肽三种关键活性成分,探究青稞全粉提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制能力及其相互作用。通过单因素实验以及Box-Benhnken响应面优化实验,确定了利用微孔板法测定α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的最佳反应体系,即酶浓度0.5 U/mL、缓冲液浓度80 mmol/L、底物浓度5 mmol/L。三种青稞全粉提取物均具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,其中青稞多酚的抑制活性最强,α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率达到83.63%±2.92%,对应的IC50值为0.18 mg/mL。三种青稞全粉提取物两两复配均具有一定的协同增效作用。结果可为血糖控制人群的膳食选择和功能性食品的复配开发提供理论指导。     

香蕉花提取物中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性组分研究

利用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂阻止碳水化合物在体内的消化吸收,是治疗糖尿病的1种有效方式。采用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型,以阿卡波糖为阳性对照,对香蕉花中不同极性组分进行活性评价。结果表明:各组分对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有一定抑制活性,其中石油醚部分对-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用最强,IC50达788.36 g/mL,低于对照阿卡波糖(IC50=999.31μg/mL),乙酸乙酯(IC50=1 877.77μg/mL)和正丁醇部分(IC50=2 117.78μg/mL)活性次之。该提取物最高活性部分对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型为竞争性抑制,根据Lineweaver-Burk方程求得Ki值为250.70μg/mL;对石油醚部分进行GC-MS分析,鉴定出29种化合物,主要化学成分为有机酸类(71.58%)、酯类(13.01%)、胺类(5.88%)、醛类(1.52%)、酮类(0.42%)化合物。     

大果榕果实乙醇提取物抗氧化活性及对α-葡萄糖苷酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性

研究大果榕果实的多酚含量及其抗氧化活性、α-葡萄糖苷酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,为其进一步开发利用奠定基础。以采自海南保亭七仙岭的大果榕果实为实验材料,用体积分数65%的乙醇提取大果榕果实多酚,采用Folin-酚法测定总酚含量。对获得的大果榕果实多酚进行1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基、2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate),ABTS)自由基、羟自由基(·OH)清除率以及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性测定。结果表明:大果榕果实多酚含量较高,达1.92 mg/g(以干质量计),其对DPPH自由基、ABTS+·和·OH均具有显著的清除活性,且呈质量浓度依赖性,IC50值分别为141.25、91.20、45.71μg/m L;大果榕果实多酚对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性强于阳性对照阿卡波糖,且呈现明显的质量浓度依赖性,IC50值为102.33μg/m L;同时大果榕果实多酚对乙酰胆碱酯酶也具有一定的抑制活性,IC50值为4.9 mg/m L。研究结果表明大果榕果实多酚具有良好的抗氧化性、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和一定的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。     

杜仲叶乙醇提取物的降糖作用机理

为了阐明杜仲叶的降血糖功效及其机制,采用酶-抑制剂模型,筛选高抑制率的杜仲叶乙醇提取物并判断其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型;借助Caco-2人结肠腺癌细胞模型,研究杜仲叶20%乙醇解吸物对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性及葡萄糖转运蛋白的影响;气相色谱-质谱联用分析杜仲叶20%乙醇解吸物主要成分。杜仲叶20%乙醇解吸物可竞争性地抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶,其抑制常数Ki值为32.90 mg/mL。它对Caco-2细胞中的α-葡萄糖苷酶有较强抑制作用,其IC50为0.57 mg/mL,且对Caco-2细胞摄取葡萄糖也有一定抑制作用,1 mg/mL时抑制率可达26.25%。气相色谱-质谱分析表明杜仲叶20%乙醇解吸物主要有DL-异柠檬酸内酯、百里酚、儿茶素、2,6-二羟基-苯甲酸和3,4-二羟基-苯丙烯酸等。这些结果表明,杜仲叶乙醇提取物可以通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,降低葡萄糖吸收来实现降血糖的效果。     

普洱茶与绿茶提取物体外抑菌效应的研究

采用滤纸片扩散法分别研究不同浓度的普洱茶和绿茶提取物对李斯特氏菌(L. monocytogenes)、猪粪链球菌(S. faecalis)、大肠杆菌(E. coli)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(S. typhimurium)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)和炭疽杆菌(B. anthracis)6 株食源性微生物和致病菌的抑制效果及其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果表明：普洱茶提取物在1%～7%(m/V)范围内对李斯特氏菌(L. monocytogenes)有较强的抑制作用,其MIC 为0.07mg/ml,在5%～7% 范围内对所有供试菌种均有抑制作用,对炭疽杆菌的抑制效果最好。绿茶提取物在1%～2%(m/V)范围内仅对李斯特氏菌(L. monocytogenes)有抑制作用,其MIC 为0.09mg/ml,在3% 时仅对炭疽杆菌(B. anthracis)无抑制作用,在4%～7% 范围内对所有供试菌种都有抑制作用,对猪粪链球菌抑制效果最好。     

Critical Importance of alpha-glucosidase contained in rice kernel for alcohol fermentation of rice polish

In our previous study, we proposed a new alcoholic beverage called nuka-sake, which is made from uncooked rice polish without any enzyme source such as koji. In nuka-sake brewing, the uncooked rice polish serves not only as the fermentation material but also as the enzyme source. In the present study, the results of both laboratory-scale nuka-sake brewing runs with various grades of rice polish and analysis of amylolitic enzyme distribution in rice polish suggested that alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) is a key enzyme of parallel fermentation in nuka-sake brewing. Miglitol, a specific inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase, strongly inhibited glucose production from rice polish. To obtain further evidence regarding the contribution of alpha-glucosidase, this enzyme was purified from rice grain kernels (Yamadanishiki cultivar) and supplied for both rice polish saccharification and nuka-sake brewing. The purified alpha-glucosidase promoted both glucose production from rice polish and alcohol fermentation in nuka-sake brewing. Based on these results, it was considered that the alpha-glucosidase contained in rice polish plays an important role in glucose production. This role may be a rate-limiting factor for parallel fermentation in nuka-sake brewing. Moreover, oligosaccarides accumulated during the saccharification of uncooked rice polish, implying the contribution of not only alpha-glucosidase but also alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1). Through this result, it can be speculated that the starch contained in rice polish will be decomposed to glucose as a result of the action of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase contained in rice polish.     

Fermentation by Lactobacillus fermentum Ogi E1 of different combinations of carbohydrates occurring naturally in cereals: consequences on growth energetics and alpha-amylase production

Glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch are naturally present in cereals. Fermentation of different combinations of these carbohydrates by Lactobacillus fermentum Ogi E1, a sourdough heterofermentative lactobacillus, was investigated to determine effects on fermentation kinetics, growth energetics and alpha-amylase production. Irrespective of the substrate combination, the strain was able to simultaneously produce alpha-amylase and consume starch, glucose, fructose and sucrose. In mixtures of starch with either sucrose or fructose or with both fructose and glucose, yields of alpha-amylase from biomass (Y(amy/x)) were similar to those observed for starch. However, for starch and glucose or starch, glucose, fructose and sucrose mixtures, both Y(amy/x) and the specific rate of alpha-amylase production decreased markedly. In fructose- or sucrose-containing mixtures, mannitol was formed stoichiometrically indicating that fructose served as electron acceptor, and acetate was produced at constant yield from biomass (Y(ac/x)) (1 g acetate g biomass(-1)). Acetate production was expected to confer to the strain a competitive advantage during natural fermentation by improving biomass formation and growth through an increase in the ATP gain. Y(ATP) varied depending on the carbohydrate mixture, indicating different effects of substrate mixtures on the efficiency in ATP coupling to biomass formation. Compared to starch fermentation, the highest value of Y(ATP) (29 g biomass mol ATP(-1)) was estimated for the starch/fructose mixture but no increase in mu(max) was observed. The lowest value (16 g biomass mol ATP(-1)) was obtained for the starch, glucose and fructose mixture, whereas for the mixture of all carbohydrates, Y(ATP) was similar to that obtained with starch alone (20 g biomass mol ATP(-1)) and it was intermediary for the starch and sucrose mixture (17 g biomass mol ATP(-1)). It is concluded that competitiveness of the strain cannot be based on expected energy gain in mixed substrate fermentation involving fructose and sucrose with glucose and starch, but rather on its ability to simultaneously use carbohydrates while producing alpha-amylase and to produce acetic acid. Acetic acid production could enhance the strain capacity to inhibit nonacid-tolerant, competitive microflora at the earlier stage of natural fermentation.     

Effects of 50% Ethanol Extract from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and the Elevation of Plasma Glucose Level in Rats, and Its Active Compound

ABSTRACT:  Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) extract with 50% ethanol remarkably inhibited rat intestinal α-glucosidase (sucrase) activity when compared with 31 different herbs and spices (aqueous and 50% ethanol aqueous extracts). Rosemary-distilled extract obtained from 50% ethanol extract by evaporation inhibited α-glucosidase activity in the reaction with both maltose and sucrose. Maltose or sucrose was orally administered, with or without rosemary-distilled extract, to mice at a dose of 20 mg/mouse. A postprandial elevation in plasma glucose levels 30 min after administration of maltose or sucrose plus the distilled extract was significantly suppressed compared with glucose levels in mice that did not receive the distilled extract. A 0.01% aqueous solution of rosemary-distilled extract supplied as drinking water to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice significantly suppressed an increase in plasma glucose levels 4 d after injection of STZ. It was also shown that a 0.01% aqueous solution of the distilled extract inhibited α-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase) in the small intestine of STZ-induced diabetic mice. An active compound with IC₅₀ values of 290 μg/mL (maltase inhibitory activity) and 150 μg/mL (sucrase inhibitory activity) was isolated and identified to be 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy flavone (luteolin). These results suggested that rosemary extract might be a beneficial food material in the prevention of diabetes and obesity.     

石榴皮提取物体外抗氧化活性比较研究

研究石榴皮提取物的体外抗氧化作用。采用羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(.O2-)、2,2-二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH.)的生成体系,研究石榴皮提取物及绿茶多酚、没食子酸为对照,对自由基的清除能力和对小鼠肝组织匀浆脂质过氧化抑制作用。结果表明:石榴皮提取物对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH.的半清除率分别为I:C50=71.37 mg/mL、SC50=557.55 mg/mL、DC50=31.98 mg/mL;没食子酸对这3种自由基的半清除率分别为I:C50=51.85 mg/mL、SC50=289.2 mg/mL、DC50=37.65 mg/mL;绿茶多酚对这3种自由基的半清除率分别为:IC50=66.67 mg/mL、SC50=1043.91 mg/mL、DC50=22.48 mg/mL。石榴皮提取物对小鼠肝组织匀浆的脂质过氧化半抑制率EC50=5.21 mg/mL、没食子酸半抑制率EC50=22.82 mg/mL、绿茶多酚半抑制率EC50=3.47 mg/mL。研究表明石榴皮提取物较没食子酸和绿茶多酚具有良好的清除自由基及抑制脂质过氧化的能力。石榴皮提取物能有效清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH.自由基,抑制脂质过氧化作用,具有进一步研究和开发价值。     

Green tea and prevention of esophageal and lung cancers

Green tea contains high concentrations of tea polyphenols that have shown inhibitory effects against the development, progress, and growth of carcinogen-induced tumors in animal models at different organ sites, including the esophagus and lung. Green tea polyphenols also have shown to suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Besides antioxidative property, green tea polyphenols have pro-oxidative activities under certain conditions and modulate phase II metabolic enzymes that can enhance the detoxification pathway of environmental toxicants and carcinogens. Although epidemiological studies have provided inconclusive results on the effect of green tea consumption against the development of esophageal and lung cancers in humans overall, the inverse association between green tea intake and risk of esophageal cancer risk is more consistently observed in studies with adequate control for potential confounders. Epidemiological studies also have demonstrated an inverse, albeit moderate, association between green tea consumption and lung cancer, especially in non-smokers. This article reviews data on the cancer-preventive activities of green tea extract and green tea polyphenols and possible mechanisms against the esophageal and lung carcinogenesis in experimental animals, and summarizes the current knowledge from epidemiological studies on the relationship between green tea consumption and esophageal and lung cancer risk in humans.     

西青果提取物对a-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的研究（III）

研究西青果提取物对小肠α - 葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。西青果提取物在体外和小肠模型人类结肠Caco-2 细胞中,显示很强的麦芽糖酶抑制活性,而对蔗糖酶的抑制作用不显著。在体内实验中,西青果提取物能降低SD雄性大鼠进食麦芽糖30min 后的血糖,而对进食蔗糖后的血糖浓度没有影响。实验结果表明西青果提取物可以预防Ⅱ型糖尿病。