受阻胺类光稳定剂Chimassorb 2020的合成

以三聚氯氰、二正丁胺、2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-丁基-4-哌啶胺和N,N′二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)1,6-己二胺为原料合成了Chimassorb2020。首先以三聚氯氰和二正丁胺在丙酮/水中反应得到2,4二(二正丁胺基)6氯1,3,5均三嗪(I),收率92%;再以三聚氯氰和2,2,6,6-四甲基-N-丁基-4-哌啶胺在5℃以下反应3h得到2(2,2,6,6四甲基-N-丁基-4-哌啶胺基)-4,6-二氯-1,3,5-均三嗪(Ⅱ)的二甲苯溶液,不需精制,直接与N,N′二(2,2,6,6四甲基-4-哌啶基)1,6-己二胺在80℃反应2h,得到N,N″1,6己烷基二[N丁基6氯N,N″二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)1,3,5-均三嗪2,4-二胺](Ⅲ),收率80%;Ⅲ与N,N′-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)1,6-己二胺在高压釜中于160～180℃反应5h,得到聚合物;此聚合物再与I在高压釜中于160～180℃反应3h,得到Chimassorb2020。在得到的最佳反应条件下,所得产品的平均相对分子质量为2600～3400,在425nm和450nm下的透光率均大于85%。     

光稳定剂

[化学名]聚[[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基][(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基]亚氨基]-1,6-己烷二基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]] Poly [[6-E(1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethylbutyl) amino]-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4-diyl][(2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-pit~riclinyl) imino]-1, 6-hexanediyl[(2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidi-     

光稳定剂中间体2-氯-4,6-二(N-丁基-1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成研究

采用单因素法,以2-氯-4,6-二(N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、环己烷、叔丁基过氧化氢为原料,三氧化钼为催化剂合成2-氯-4,6-二(N-丁基-1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为反应温度95℃,反应时间14 h,原料物质的量比n(2-氯-4,6-二(N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪)∶n(环己烷)∶n(叔丁基过氧化氢)为0.01∶0.45∶0.2,催化剂三氧化钼用量为0.4 g (相对0.01 mol2-氯-4,6-二(N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪),产品收率为93.50%。     

三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧基-哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪的合成研究

在催化剂存在下,以2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶、三聚氯氰为原料合成三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧基-哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪,分别研究了原料配比、溶剂选型和催化剂用量等条件对合成三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧基-哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪反应的影响,确定了最佳操作条件。该方法合成三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧基-哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪的最佳操作条件是:n(三聚氯氰):n(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶)=0.1:0.36,n(氢氧化钠):n(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶)=0.4:0.1,溶剂为甲苯,催化剂的用量为0.6g。三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧基-哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪的收率可达到85.87%以上,三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧基-哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪纯度w(三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧基-哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪)=98.5%。     

两步法合成受阻胺类光稳定剂GW-944

以三聚氯氰、叔辛胺及N,N′ 二(2,2,6,6 四甲基 4 哌啶基) 1,6 己二胺为原料,采用两步法合成了GW-944。当n(三聚氯氰)∶n(叔辛胺)=1∶0 98,反应温度<10℃时,得到第一步反应中间体2 叔辛胺基 4,6 二氯 1,3,5均三嗪的甲苯溶液,不需精制,与N,N′ 二(2,2,6,6 四甲基 4 哌啶基) 1,6 己二胺一起投入高压釜,初压2MPa,在60℃反应4h,在180℃反应6h,得到产物GW-944。产品的平均相对分子质量2000～3000,在425nm和450nm下透光率均大于96%。     

高效液相色谱法测定聚烯烃中两种光稳定剂

建立了聚烯烃中聚[[6-[(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基][(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]-1,6-己二基[(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨]]和N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,6-己二胺与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪吗啉的甲基化的聚合物的液相色谱测定方法。粉碎后的样品用四氢呋喃超声提取。再用酸化甲醇沉淀，提取液过尼龙滤膜后待测。液相色谱采用氨水溶液-磷酸二氢铵溶液-乙腈为流动相，氨基柱为色谱柱，二极管阵列检测器为检测器，定量波长230 nm。并采用四极杆飞行时间质谱、三重四极杆质谱分析了两种光稳定剂主要质谱峰的可能化学结构和质谱峰的裂解碎片。在优化条件下，两种光稳定剂的定量线性方程相关系数大于0.999 6。方法检出限分别为0.04%和0.004%。方法平均回收率为84.4%～97.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%～4.0%。     

受阻胺类光稳定剂GW-944的合成

以三聚氯氰、叔辛胺和N,N′ 二(2,2,6,6 四甲基 4 哌啶基) 1,6 己二胺为原料用三步法合成出受阻胺类光稳定剂GW-944。三聚氯氰与叔辛胺在5℃下反应3h,得到中间体Ⅰ,收率71 4%;Ⅰ与N,N′ 二(2,2,6,6 四甲基 4 哌啶基) 1,6 己二胺于65℃下反应5h,得到中间体Ⅱ,收率90 8%;Ⅱ与N,N′ 二(2,2,6,6 四甲基 4 哌啶基) 1,6 己二胺在高压釜中于170～180℃下反应8h,得到目标产物GW-944。在本文提出的最佳反应条件下,所得到的GW-944的平均相对分子质量大于2000,在425和450nm下的透光率均大于95%。     

1,3,5三嗪类稳定剂

研制了2—(3—特丁基—4—羟基—5—甲基苯胺基)—4—氯—6—(2,2,6,6四甲基—4—哌啶氨基)—1,3,5三嗪、2,4—双(3—特丁基4—羟基5—甲基苯胺基)6—(2,2,6,6—四甲基4—哌啶氨基)—1,3,5三嗪,化合物Ⅰ[R为P(O)(OC_2H_5)_2]、化合物Ⅰ(R为癸硫基)(Ⅱ)、2,4双[2—(3,5二特丁基—4—羟基苯基)—2—甲基丙基氨基]—6—(2—(2,2,6,6四甲基—1—哌啶基)乙氧基]     

N,N''-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,6-己二胺

受阻胺类光稳定剂(HALS)已成为聚合物稳定剂消费市场的主流,其发展趋势是高分子量化,相对分子量达到2000～3000;低碱性;复合化,多功能化;反应型HALS开始使用。制约我国HALS发展的关键因素是中间体的生产技术,国内只有哌啶醇一种中间体实现了工业化。目前中间体N,N 二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,6-己二胺的中试工作已完成,分离收率达90％以上,年产千吨的生产装置将于11月投产,这将会促进国内HALS的发展,以应对WTO的挑战。     

受阻胺光稳定剂关键中间体投产

辽阳天大助剂有限公司与天津大学合作开发的受阻胺光稳定剂(HALS)关键中间体—N、N’-二(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4 -哌啶基)己二胺已在辽宁辽阳投产。该产品具有自主知识产权,打破了国外公司长期垄断全球供应的局面。该产品已通过了ISO9001质量体系认证,产品销往国内外,其技术指标优于国外同类产品,市场前景非常广阔,该产品的国产化将进一步促进我国HALS的发展。受阻胺光稳定剂关键中间体投产     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.