考虑调制不对称度的伽利略搜救信号参数估计算法

针对伽利略搜救系统中到达频率(FOA)、信息位宽和到达时间(TOA)高精度估计的需求,考虑到实际信号中信息位宽和调制不对称度未知的情况,给出了多维联合极大似然估计算法和体积重心算法相结合的FOA、信息位宽和TOA估计算法.首先简述了实际伽利略搜救信号模型,然后推导了算法原理,并给出了完整的参数估计实现步骤.优化关键参数后,MonteCarlo仿真结果表明,在34.8dBHz的处理门限下,该算法得到的FOA、信息位宽和TOA估计的均方根误差分别小于0.03 Hz、0.23 μs和12μs,信息位宽和TOA精度较以往算法分别提高约23％和12％.     

伽利略搜救信号FOA和TOA精确估计算法

针对伽利略搜救系统中到达频率(FOA)和到达时间(TOA)高精度估计的需求,考虑到实际接收的信标信号中信息位宽未知的情况,提出了多维联合极大似然估计算法和体积重心算法相结合的FOA和TOA估计算法。在介绍信号模型的基础上推导了算法原理,给出了估计算法的具体实现过程。Monte Carlo仿真和实测结果表明,在34.8 dBHz的处理门限下,该算法得到的FOA和TOA估计的均方根误差分别小于0.03 Hz和9.5μs,优于0.05 Hz和11μs的系统指标要求。该算法目前已应用于伽利略中轨卫星地面用户终端(MEOLUT地面站)。     

IR-UWB 系统中基于 root-MUSIC 算法的 TOA 和 DOA 联合估计简

针对二维多重信号分类算法可以估计出系统的到达时间(TOA, time-of-arrival)和波达方向(DOA, direction- of-arrival)参数,但需要复杂度非常高的二维谱峰搜索这一问题,提出了IR-UWB系统中基于求根MUSIC(root-MUSIC)的TOA和DOA联合估计算法,该算法对接收信号的频域形式建模,先估计出TOA,然后由TOA的差值计算出DOA,从而实现TOA和DOA的联合估计。该算法不需谱峰搜索,可直接给出估计参数的闭式解,还可实现参数配对。还推导了参数估计的误差方差。仿真结果表明,该算法的参数估计性能明显优于矩阵束算法、传播算子算法以及基于旋转不变技术估计信号参数算法,并且非常接近于2D-MUSIC算法,但该算法的复杂度却远远低于2D-MUSIC算法。     

基于小波变换与压缩感知的脉冲星TOA估计

脉冲星导航是一种新型的自主式导航。为提高其精度与实时性,提出一种小波变换与压缩感知结合的脉冲星到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)估计的方法。该方法对标准脉冲轮廓使用小波变换构造多级冗余字典,通过信号恢复算法估计出实际脉冲星的TOA。该方法的算法复杂度低于传统的TOA估计方法,并且随着脉冲星信号周期内bin数量的增加,算法的实时性越好。该方法改变了传统的先去噪再估计TOA的思路,其可以嵌入到信号去噪的过程中,还可以和小波去噪的阈值处理并行计算。仿真结果显示文中方法耗时分别为两种传统TOA估计方法的0.87%和21.35%,并且随着数据时长的缩短,文中方法的TOA估计精度的相对优势越发明显。该方法不但可以提高TOA估计精度,而且降低了对数据时长的依赖。     

超宽带系统中基于稀疏恢复的TOA和DOA联合估计方法

针对稀疏表示框架下进行超宽带系统中到达时间(Time of Arrival,TOA)和波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)联合估计的问题,提出了一种基于稀疏恢复的TOA和DOA联合估计方法。采用l范数作为稀疏约束条件,并利用联合正交匹配追踪算法获取TOA估计值,解决了TOA配对问题,最后根据两副天线的时延差与DOA之间的关系获得信号的DOA估计。所提算法考虑了离网格信号参数估计问题,并通过联合稀疏恢复进行补偿。仿真结果表明,所提算法的参数估计性能优于传统的压缩感知算法、传播算子算法、矩阵束算法以及借助旋转不变性的信号参数估计技术(Estimating Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques,ESPRIT)算法,同时计算复杂度更低。     

基于SNR估计的MQAM信号调制识别算法

针对现有多进制正交幅度调制(MQAM)信号调制方式的不足,提出了一种改进的MQAM信号调制识别算法。该算法对通信系统中信号的信噪比(SNR)进行估计,通过计算MQAM信号矢量图的最小环带的方差,得到不同调制类型的QAM最小环带的方差,最后根据估计的SNR与信号求出合适的参考门限,与之前求出的最小环带的方差进行比较,完成调制方式的识别。该算法运算量小,识别率高,且适用于实际工程应用。仿真结果表明在SNR≥-1?dB时,5种不同阶数的QAM信号的识别概率≥96%。     

一种估计TOA的差分编码MUSIC算法

估计来波的到达时间(TOA)是蜂窝移动通信系统中用户定位的关键技术之一。该文提出了用差分编码的MUSIC算法估计CDMA系统中各用户的TOA,此方法不需使用训练序列,并且很少受载波频移的影响,因此可提高各用户的TOA估计精度。     

非平衡相移键控信号的调制识别算法研究

通信系统中具有非平衡相位键控特征的UQPSK信号与其他PSK调制方式的调制识别算法近些年受到了广泛关注。提出了一种基于二次方谱的非数据辅助自动调制识别算法,有效地利用离散谱线特征,将I/Q两路功率比2∶1～8∶1的UQPSK信号从常用的BPSK、QPSK、8PSK、OQPSK和π/4-DQPSK信号集中区分出来。算法特征参数门限划分不需依靠信噪比估计、非平衡因子估计等先决条件,并对不同载波频偏、码元速率和成型滤波系数的信号有良好的适应性。计算机仿真证明,算法对包含UQPSK的PSK类信号在信噪比5 dB以上有良好的识别效果(识别率≥90%)。     

一种高精度的TOA估计方法

提出了一种 CDMA系统的高精度的信号到达时延(TOA)的估计方法。在不提高采样频率的情况下,使用积分-清除电路对接收信号进行采样,将离散信号用离散傅里叶变换(DFT)转换到频率域中,然后根据 CDMA信号模型和多径信道模型以及已知的扩频码的离散频谱,估计出信号相对于一个码片周期的整数部分 TOA;再在离散频率域中用最小二乘法估计出信号到达的小数部分 TOA,该方法即使在采样频率不高的情况下,也有很高的精度,而且运算量小,因此是一种有效的高精度 TOA估计方法。     

WSN节点声测距TOA值频域估计方法

该文研究了节点声测中TOA值的频域估计方法,与基于幅度检测的时域分析法相比,低信噪比下的测距精度高。它采用递归型的Goertzel短时频率分析算法。通过优化声信号频率及Goertzel算法窗口长度,实现了定点计算算法,节点采集测距信号的同时进行TOA值估计。论文还提出了一种多阈值的TOA值估计方法,提高了低信噪比下的TOA值检测精度。算法在一个具有dsPIC6014A微处理器的节点进行了验证。节点测距试验结果表明,该算法在低信噪比下的定位精度较高,可实现25 m内的节点测距和定位,测距误差3％。     

脉冲重复间隔估计与去交织的方正弦波插值算法

在高密度复杂信号环境中,根据脉冲到达时间提取脉冲重复间隔并去交织是一个常用方法。但由于存在严重的倍周期干扰和脉冲重叠现象,传统的脉冲重复间隔估计算法在高密度复杂信号环境中性能急剧下降。为了克服上述缺点,该文提出了一种的新算法方正弦波插值算法(SSWIA)。其核心是把不等间隔的到达时间序列变换成连续信号;然后利用快速傅里叶算法提取重复周期并用滤波技术和过零检测形成检测波门提取周期序列。该算法能够适应固定重频、参差重频、抖动重频和滑变重频交织的高密度复杂信号环境。仿真结果表明:该算法提取重复频率精度高,速度快并且抗丢失和虚警脉冲的能力强;其综合性能优于现有其它方法,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

Joint Estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB System Using a Successive MUSIC Algorithm

Time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) are key parameters in the impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) positioning system with a two-antennas receiver. A two-dimensional (2D) multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, which requires the 2D spectral peak search, can be used to estimate the parameters, but it has much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive MUSIC algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak search. The proposed algorithm obtains the initial estimate of TOA corresponding to the first antenna via Root-MUSIC, and simplifies the 2D global search into successive one-dimensional searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas. It then estimates the DOA parameters via the difference of the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm can get the parameters paired automatically, and has a much lower complexity than 2D-MUSIC algorithm. In addition, we have derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer–Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in the paper. The simulation results show that the parameter estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of Root-MUSIC, and is almost the same as that of 2D-MUSIC algorithm. Moreover, it has much better performance than matrix pencil algorithm, propagator method and estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm.     

一种基于能量跳跃的脉冲超宽带TOA估计

基于到达时间估计(TOA)的脉冲超宽带(IR-UWB)测距理论上可达到厘米级的精度.当无法估计接收信噪比时,基于门限的TOA估计精度受到门限设置的限制.本文提出了一种基于能量跳跃函数(FEE)的最大能量跳跃(MEL)TOA估计算法.该算法将最大径之前一段时间内FEL取值最大的时刻作为TOA的估计,估计过程中不需要设置门限.本文通过仿真分别在CMl和CM2信道模型中比较了MEL和几种常用算法的绝对平均误差(MAE).仿真结果表明,在多径信道环境尤其是非视距(NLOS)环境中,MEL算法的估计精度比门限比较(TC)算法和最大值回推(MES-SB)算法有较大的提高,而且接收信噪比越高MEL算法的优势越明显,在信噪比高于12dB时估计精度提高约3至4纳秒.     

基于Kalman滤波的目标信号TOA测量校正

多点定位系统中,目标信号TOA测量精度直接决定了系统对目标的定位精度,而目标信号TOA测量精度取决于提供系统时钟的晶振的准确度和稳定度。针对多点定位系统中目标信号TOA测量准确度的具体问题,分析晶振频率偏移和GPS秒脉冲抖动对TOA测量准确度的影响,导出基于Kalman滤波的目标信号TOA测量校正方法。数值仿真证明此方法可以有效地改善目标信号TOA的测量准确度,对提高多点定位系统定位性能具有较强的现实意义与实用价值。     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于截距分析的改进雷达信号分选算法

常用的雷达分选算法易出现脉冲重复间隔谐波和同部雷达信号脉冲序列断裂的问题,鉴于此提出了一种基于脉冲到达时间拟合直线截距分析的改进雷达信号分选算法。该算法通过对到达时间拟合直线截距的分析,判断出上述2种情况,整合相应脉冲序列,从而得到正确的分选结果。到达时间截距分析算法能增强雷达信号分选算法的鲁棒性,降低算法对搜索容限的依赖,具有良好的工程应用价值。仿真表明,改进的信号分选算法比序列差值直方图算法的分选概率高20%。     

Joint Estimation of TOA and DOA in IR‐UWB System Using Sparse Representation Framework

This paper addresses the problem of joint time of arrival (TOA) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in impulse radio ultra‐wideband systems with a two‐antenna receiver and links the joint estimation of TOA and DOA to the sparse representation framework. Exploiting this link, an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is used for TOA estimation in the two antennas, and then the DOA parameters are estimated via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm can work well with a single measurement vector and can pair TOA and DOA parameters. Furthermore, it has better parameter‐estimation performance than traditional propagator methods, such as, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithms matrix pencil algorithms, and other new joint‐estimation schemes, with one single snapshot. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

TOA estimation of UWB backscattering RFID tag with dual pulse modulation for clutter suppression

To realize precise localization for UWB backscattering RFID system, the arrival time of the direct path in the received signal (referred as time of arrival (TOA)) needs to be accurately estimated. The background clutter is one of the major factors that deteriorates the TOA estimation accuracy in backscattering RFID system. To suppress the background clutter while maintain low‐complexity system design, we propose a novel UWB backscattering RFID system with its tag being implemented with dual pulse (DP) modulation. By transforming the mathematical model of received signal into a proper form, we discover the tag's sequence selection criteria which are able to mitigate the background clutter. For the proposed tag coded with dedicated sequences, a two‐stage TOA estimation algorithm able to effectively mitigate clutter is developed. Simulation results show that the proposed RFID system coupled with the algorithm is able to achieve accurate TOA estimation in the environment where the clutter overwhelms the tag response. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

RSS协助的ray-tracing室内定位算法

针对室内定位,当信号受到非视距(non-line-of-sight, NLOS)和多径传播的影响时,本文提出一种接收信号强度(Received Signal Strength, RSS)协助的Ray-tracing室内定位算法,改进已经提出的基于虚拟基站方法的信号到达时间 (Time of Arrival, TOA)和信号到达角度(Direction of Arrival, DOA)室内无线信号Ray-tracing模型,利用信号RSS测量值优化算法,实现TOA、DOA和RSS协同定位,提高室内多径及非视距环境下,无线定位的精度,降低算法复杂度,提高算法处理信号多重散射的能力并降低了对基站的依赖性适用环境更为广泛。首先通过RSS得到信号源可能存在的位置,随后利用Ray-tracing原理并使用虚拟基站,将非视距路径定位问题转化为视距路径定位问题,利用TOA和DOA对直射、透射、反射和绕射情况进行分析建模,最后使用最小二乘法对可能的位置进行筛选,得到信号源的最终位置。仿真结果表明,本算法较改进前拥有更高的定位精度。