一种紧缩型的SOI 3-dB多模干涉耦合器

采用线锥形结构,在silicon-on-insulator (SOI)材料上设计并实现了一种新的紧缩型3-dB多模干涉耦合器(MMI).与普通的矩形结构3-dB MMI耦合器相比,该器件长度减少了40%.耦合器输出均衡度为1.3dB,过剩损耗为2.5dB.     

一种紧缩型的SOI3- d B多模干涉耦合器

采用线锥形结构 ,在 silicon- on- insulator(SOI)材料上设计并实现了一种新的紧缩型 3- d B多模干涉耦合器(MMI) .与普通的矩形结构 3- d B MMI耦合器相比 ,该器件长度减少了 4 0 % .耦合器输出均衡度为 1.3d B,过剩损耗为 2 .5 d B.     

位置数为2的多模干涉耦合器相位关系分析

根据多模干涉耦合器的自映像原理,分析了位置数为2的多模干涉耦合器相位关系.相位关系与输入场位置有关,得出位置数为2的多模干涉耦合器相位关系表达式.用导模传输分析法验证了相位表达式的正确性,为一维和二维限制的多模干涉耦合器的设计提供了理论基础.     

位置数为2的多模干涉耦合器相位关系分析

根据多模干涉耦合器的自映像原理,分析了位置数为2的多模干涉耦合器相位关系.相位关系与输入场位置有关,得出位置数为2的多模干涉耦合器相位关系表达式.用导模传输分析法验证了相位表达式的正确性,为一维和二维限制的多模干涉耦合器的设计提供了理论基础.     

InP基4×4MMI合波器的设计与仿真

采用空气限制的InP基波导,利用其弯曲半径小的优点,设计了一款紧凑型4×4 MMI(多模干涉)合波器,整个器件的尺寸为3 890 μm×100 μm.在输入/输出波导与多模干涉区域之间引入了锥形波导,有效改善了MMI合波器的性能.并通过广角三维光束传输法对器件进行了模拟仿真,得到优化参量,从而实现了其结构的优化.     

多模干涉耦合器中光传输特性的分析与模拟

本文采用导模传输分析法分析多模波导的传输特性,模拟多模波导横向场分布,得到了多模波导3种干涉单像和多像位置的表达式,为多模干涉耦合器的参数设计提供了有利的手段。     

4×4区域调制多模干涉耦合器SOI光波导开关的设计

根据区域调制多模干涉耦合器光开关的工作原理,以2×2区域调制多模干涉光开关为基础,采用级联的方式设计了4×4区域调制多模干涉SOI光波导开关.用有限差分二维BPM方法模拟了器件在不同工作状态下的光场传输情况.器件工作波长为1.55μm,在不计耦合损耗时器件的平均插入损耗小于2.0dB/cm.     

硅基槽波导级联多模干涉耦合器型偏振分束器

提出了一种基于硅基槽波导的级联多模干涉(MMI)耦合器型偏振分束器,由锥形及矩形结构MMI耦合器构成.级联结构使器件长度无需为两偏振模自镜像长度的公倍数,不仅能有效减小器件尺寸,而且提高设计灵活性.同时,利用槽波导的高双折射特性及MMI耦合器的锥形结构,可进一步缩短器件尺寸.分析结果表明,所提器件能够有效实现偏振束分离,两级MMI工作区总长度仅为42μm,准TE与准TM模的偏振消光比分别为29.8和31.4d B,1.55μm波长下的插入损耗分别为0.395和0.699 d B,偏振消光比大于20 d B时光带宽为43 nm,覆盖整个C波段.最后,详细分析了器件关键参数的制造误差对器件性能的影响.     

基于双耦合器的全光纤不等带宽波长交错滤波器的设计

为提高波长交错滤波器(interleaver)带宽的利用 率,提出了基于一字型3×3和2×2光纤耦合器组成 全光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)型不等带宽波长交错滤波器(interleaver)的设计方案。运 用光纤传输理论 和矩阵理论,得到滤波器输出谱的表达式;依据傅里叶级数的理论,优化选择器件的结构参 数;数值 模拟分析了器件的输出特性。结果表明:两个耦合器的耦合系数和光纤干涉臂长差取一些定 值时,器 件主要的两路输出带宽不等,它们的3dB带宽分别为31.5和 65.6GHz,满足不同传输速率10和40Gbit/s对带宽的要求,较等带宽interle aver有更高的利用率;通过分析器件结构参数对输出谱的影 响,发现器件具有一定的抗偏差能力;与普通的级联MZI型interleaver相比,新型器件的优 点是耦合 器少,在实际制作时可准确控制和检测耦合器的分光比,从而降低了制作难度。实验结果与 理论分析相吻合。     

全光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪型不等带宽梳状滤波器

提出了由2个3×3和1个3×3单模光纤耦合器级联组成的全光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪(MZI)型不等带宽交错(梳状)滤波器。分析结果表明:两对光纤干涉臂长度差相等时,各耦合器的耦合系数选取适当值,器件实现了奇偶信道上不等带宽输出,分别用于10和40Gb/s传输,信道间隔为0.8nm,信道隔离度大于25dB。与其它不等带宽梳状滤波器相比,该器件基于MZI型梳状滤波器,且在实际制作时可以对每个耦合器的分光比进行准确监测和控制,大大降低了制作困难。实验所得结果与理论分析相吻合。     

Simulation of Tunable Power Multimode Interference Couplers with Deep Rib Structure

The muhimode interference （MMI） couplers, which operate at 1. 55 microns in deep rib InGaAsP/InP waveguide with large lateral confinement and tunable power splitting ratios, are of high interest in integrated optics. The gold contacts are applied on the top of waveguides where tuning is desired and the plasma effect will lead to negative refractive index change. The three-dimensional （3D） finite difference beam propagation method（FD-BPM） is used to model the tunable MMI couplers. The length of a 2 × 2 overlap-MMI is determined by FD-BPM, so the longitudinal position of tuning spots is obtained. The position of gold contacts with two types, the edge-pads or center-pad, are also determined. In our design, the length of MMI is 180 microns. If the width of pads is 50 microns and the refractive index is tuned from 0 to -0. 027, the power ratio is tuned from 50 ： 50 to the maximum 88.5 ： 11.4. For deep rib structure, the effective index（EI） method can not be used to simplify the 3D waveguide to plane waveguide because of its lower precision, and so the direct 3D FD-BPM simulation is necessary for the design of 3D MMI couplers.     

Proposal for Diminishment of the Polarization-Dependency in a Si-Nanowire Multimode Interference (MMI) Coupler by Tapering the MMI Section

This letter presents a design for diminishing the polarization-dependency of a Si nanowire-based multimode interference (MMI) coupler by using a tapered MMI section. The entrance width and waist width of the tapered MMI section are optimized to obtain a polarization-insensitive MMI length for N-fold self-imaging. The MMI section with a diminished polarization-dependency has a relatively large entrance width, which is beneficial to the separation of adjacent access waveguides for minimizing the coupling between them. One can tune the power splitting ratio of a 2 times 2 Si-nanowire MMI coupler by adjusting the entrance and the waist width of the tapered MMI section.     

光敏杂化溶胶-凝胶法研制多模干涉波导分束器

采用有机/无机杂化溶胶-凝胶方法制备高质量的SiO2薄膜和光敏性薄膜材料;利用三维FD-BPM(finitedifference beam propagation method)研究了掩埋式和暴露式矩形波导结构多模干涉(MMI)型光功率分束器的主要性能,理论模拟发现,掩埋式矩形波导结构分束器的长度、宽度和厚度容差性都优于暴露式矩形波导结构的MMI型分束器,并且具有更宽的带宽特性。通过简单的紫外曝光、显影工艺制备了1×4 MMI型波导分束器,分束器在1 550 nm波长附近的插入损耗为8.1～8.8 dB,功率分束不均匀性小于1 dB。     

Design and fabrication of a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for polarization splitter application

We report that we have successfully designed and fabricated a significantly shortened multimode interference coupler for application in polarization splitter, using a phenomenon that we termed "quasi-state" (QS) imaging effect. First, we identified and analyzed the QS imaging effect, and, based on the QS analysis, designed and fabricated a novel multimode interference (MMI) device with its split length shortened to 1/5 of a normally designed MMI split length. The fabrication is simple and cost effective and the fabricated device shows outstanding characteristics in extinction ratio, signal homogeneity, excess loss, and tolerance in the length of the splitter.     

1×3多模干涉型光功分器的研究

本文采用导模传输分析法,在GaAs/GaAlAs单异质结外延材料上设计了1×3MMI（多模干涉）型光功分器。根据所确定的器件结构参数,结合器件设计和制作过程中可能遇到的因素,详细分析了器件中自映像效应多模波导的宽度和长度、输入单模波导的宽度等结构参数对器件性能的影响。本文基于RSoft软件,对所设计的器件结构参量进行了仿真。模拟结果表明,所设计的器件实现了1×3光功分器功能,具有插入损耗低和均匀性好的特点。     

New 2×2 and 1×3 multimode interference couplers withfree selection of power splitting ratios

We report on the concept and realization of new 2×2 and 1×3 multimode interference (MMI) couplers that offer the possibility of a free choice of the power splitting ratio. These MMI devices, using a new butterfly geometrical design, are compact, polarization-insensitive, and tolerant to fabrication parameters. Realized in InGaAsP/InP with large fabrication tolerances, they permit the control of the output powers within a few percentage points for both polarizations. The measurement results fit well the theoretical predictions. Extensions of the design are presented that assure a fully symmetrical geometry and therefore an optimal homogeneity of the device characteristics. Based on the same idea, a new compact mode converter-combiner is proposed     

Tunable multimode interference coupler

An electrically tunable multimode interference (MMI) coupler/splitter is demonstrated. The device operates by modifying the phase of the multiple self-images that are formed around the midpoint of the MMI structure. This provides a simple way to fine-tune the 50:50 output power split ratio or other arbitrary ratio.     

Temporal characteristics and scaling considerations of multimodeinterference couplers

A mode propagation model is used to analyze the temporal response of a multimode interference (MMI) coupler. The response is characterized as a function of the splitting ratio so that the effects of architectural scaling can be predicted. Results are presented for a specific coupler design. The results indicate that an increase in aggregate bandwidth, defined as the combined bandwidth of the parallel output channels of the coupler, is accompanied by a decrease in coupled power and energy. The loss in efficiency is shown to be independent of whether the increase in aggregate bandwidth is produced by an increase in the splitting ratio or the signal bandwidth     

Design of an ultra-compact 3 dB MMI coupler

The design of an ultra-compact SOI-based 1×2 3 dB multimode interference（MMI） coupler is proposed.The symmetric multimode interference structure and deeply-etched parabolically tapered multimode waveguide are used in the device.The length of the device is reduced by about 87% compared with general multimode interference straight couplers.Based on effective index method（EIM） and two dimensional beam propagation method（2D-BPM）,the structure parameters are optimized and the fabrication tolerances are analyzed.The results indicate that the performance of the coupler is deeply affected by the coupler＇s width,etching depth and photolithography alignment error in perpendicular direction.