激光声特性与激光脉冲能量对应关系研究

分析了激光脉冲能量与激光声特性的对应关系.采用脉冲能量可调的Nd∶ YAG激光器产生激光声信号,利用水听器测量激光声信号.结果表明,激光脉冲能量在70～300mJ范围内变化时,随着激光脉冲能量的增加,激光声信号峰值声压具有线性增加的趋势,等离子体膨胀声波与空泡溃灭声波的时间间隔也相应增加,等离子体膨胀声波的峰值声压比空泡溃灭声波的峰值声压低,激光声信号的主频与脉冲能量的对应关系较弱.     

不同黏性液体激光击穿声辐射特性研究

激光与液体介质相互作用时,在不同液体参数情况下,光击穿辐射声信号具有较大的差异性.为研究液体黏性、饱和蒸汽压等特性对激光击穿形成的空泡辐射声波的影响,推导了激光空泡壁的运动方程,构建了激光击穿声辐射测量系统,实验研究了不同液体参数对光击穿辐射声信号的影响.结论:液体饱和蒸汽压越高.激光空泡膨胀辐射的声波强度越低;液体黏性系数越大,将减缓空泡溃灭的速率,导致空泡牛存周期增长,并使空泡溃灭辐射的声波强度降低.     

不同盐度海水的光击穿声辐射特性研究

强激光聚焦于水下时,通过光击穿机制辐射强声波信号。水体介质的盐度不同,在同等的激光参数、光学系统条件下,光击穿辐射的声波在强度、脉冲波形、频谱特征上具有一定的差异性。为研究水介质盐度对激光击穿形成的空泡辐射声波的影响,构建了激光声测量系统,实验研究了不同水体盐度参数对光击穿辐射声信号的影响。结论：激光击穿水介质伴随空泡脉动、声信号辐射效应;激光声信号脉冲宽度与水体盐度无关;空泡尺寸和激光声信号强度与激光脉冲能量成正比关系;水体盐度与激光声信号的强度早非线性变化关系。研究结果有助于激光声在海洋中的应用。     

不同环境压强下激光空泡特性研究

构建了激光空泡测量实验平台,使用脉冲激光聚焦击穿水介质产生激光空泡,由水听器对激光空泡溃灭辐射声信号进行接收,利用充气泵对高压水箱内的气压进行精确控制。通过仿真计算和实验对不同环境压强下的激光空泡特征和其溃灭时辐射声信号的峰值变化特性进行了研究。结果表明:当环境压强处在0.1~0.7 MPa 范围内变化时,随着环境压强的增大,激光空泡首次脉动周期和空泡最大半径逐渐减小,两者的变化速率逐渐减小。空泡溃灭时辐射声信号的峰值声压在0.1~0.4 MPa内逐渐增大,在0.4~0.7MPa 内逐渐减小,且增大速率大于减小速率。     

固壁面附近空泡溃灭研究

采用自行研制的基于光偏转原理的力学传感器及压电陶瓷探针式水听器PZT,对激光诱导的空泡在固壁面附近溃灭进行了实验研究。结果表明,在脉冲激光作用下,空泡溃灭将依次产生射流和声脉冲,且射流产生时刻早于空泡溃灭时刻;空泡渍灭过程中泡能转换为声能的比例随脉动次数增加而增大;比较实验所得的声脉冲信号和射流信号,得到了声脉冲是空泡第二次溃灭过程中主要衰减方式的结论。     

高功率激光空化气泡声辐射特性研究

研究了水下高功率激光击穿水介质形成单空泡及空泡辐射声波的特性,推导了激光空泡辐射声波信号在击穿近场、远场的特性模型.利用调Q Nd:YAG激光聚焦水下击穿水介质产生空泡,采用高速摄像机、高频测量水听器对激光空泡的生长过程及辐射的声波信号进行了测量.实验结果与理论模型吻合,可为相关研究提供参考.     

利用激光探测水下声信号的研究

对激光探测水下声信号可行性进行了研究.水下声信号造成的水表面微扰导致了反射的激光光通量的变化,探测器接收到的光通量的变化频率与水下声信号的频率相同,并给出了探测器位置与接收光通量的关系.     

固壁旁激光空泡生长和溃灭特性的实验研究

采用两套基于光偏转原理的光纤传感器测量了固壁旁激光空泡脉动全过程及空泡溃灭对靶材造成的破坏。通过实验获得了激光空泡在靶表面两次膨胀收缩的全过程,判定了空泡在两次脉动中对应的最大、最小泡半径和溃灭周期,并推算了空泡泡壁速度随时间的变化关系。此外,在脉冲激光作用下,水中靶材依次受到激光烧蚀压力和激光空泡在固体壁面附近溃灭时产生的射流冲击力的作用,且射流冲击力是造成靶材破坏的主要原因。     

激光诱导声信号通信技术的初步研究

构建了激光声实验测量系统,利用脉冲激光聚焦击穿水介质产生声信号,由水听器将声信号转换成电信号并送入数字存储示波器.分析了激光声信号的时频域数学模型,通过实验对单个激光声信号的时频域特征进行了研究,对激光声通信的信号调制方式进行了理论分析和实验验证.研究结果表明:激光声信号的脉宽约为20s,其能量主要集中在200 kHz内,这其中100~200 kHz内的能量占到的比例大约有50%,通过对激光声信号进行幅度调制和频率调制,可以有效实现激光声通信过程.     

固壁旁激光空泡生长和溃灭特性的实验研究

采用2套基于光偏转原理的光纤传感器(OBD),测量了激光空泡脉动全过程及空泡溃灭对靶材造成的破坏。通过实验获得了激光空泡在靶表面2次膨胀收缩的全过程,判定了空泡在2次脉动中对应的最大、最小泡半径和溃灭周期,并推算了空泡泡壁速度随时间的变化关系。实验发现,在脉冲激光作用下,水中靶材依次受到激光烧蚀压力和射流冲击力作用,且射流冲击力是造成靶材破坏的主要原因。     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.