景物近红外反射率快速反演测量研究

提出一种基于图像的快速、准确测量景物近红外波段反射率的反演方法。采用CMOS相机对同一光照条件下的待测地物与标准反射率板进行测量,采集近红外波段图像,在校正CMOS相机入瞳处辐照度与图像灰度关系结果的基础上,建立景物近红外反射率与图像灰度的关系,进而反演出对应景物的近红外波段反射率。结果表明,本文方法与地物光谱仪测量结果的不确定度在10%以内。此外,本文还根据景物近红外图像灰度的分布情况分析了背景、测量方位角等因素对地物反射率测量的影响,为进一步精确测量及相关的近红外场景仿真奠定了基础。     

基于VIIRS传感器的场地反射率测量精度的验证

反射率基法是目前最常用、最有效的可见光近红外通道在轨辐射定标方法。在该方法中,准确的场地反射率测量是得到高精度定标结果的重要前提之一。利用双光谱仪法进行了野外地物反射率时间序列测量,避免了用传统测量方法可能出现的辐射条件不一致问题。用中心区和高反区场地反射率测量值对VIIRS传感器的表观反射率进行了模拟,并将VIIRS可见光近红外9个通道(I1、I2、M1～M7)的卫星观测表观反射率值与6S辐射传输模型模拟值进行了对比。除M6通道外(水汽吸收),相对偏差均在3%以内,验证了场地反射率测量的准确性。     

基于可见光图像的红外图像反演研究

分析了典型地面目标和地物背景的红外辐射特性,通过寻找同一目标可见光图像和红外图像的映射关系,得到了同样条件下的反演红外图像,进而,将红外图像灰度值的映射关系扩展到不同的波段、天气状况、成像距离下得到仿真的红外图像.实验结果表明,方法可较好地进行红外图像的反演,具有较强的实用性.     

基于光电特性参数的典型地物类型反演方法

对于不同类型的地物背景而言,其光电特性参数属于不变特征,利用其差异可以判别地物背景的类型并为目标检测和识别提供有效依据.基于上述研究目的,提出一种基于光电特性参数的典型地物类型反演研究方法.首先构建了典型地物背景的单层热能交换模型,建立了相应的热平衡方程;其次综合考虑大气衰减因子与背景距离等因素影响,基于黑体定标试验得到红外图像灰度与背景表面温度的关系;然后构建了基于光电特性参数的典型地物热平衡函数,并采用假设检验的方法来反演背景物的类型;最后利用外场实测的不同时刻、不同地物背景的红外图像验证了方法的可行性,并对引起反演误差的主要因素进行了详细分析.     

基于遥感反演的空间下视系统红外场景仿真

空间红外下视系统的真实感红外场景仿真一直以来都是研究的一个难点。提出了一种基于卫星红外遥感反演数据的空间下视红外场景仿真方法。利用红外遥感反演数据,通过匹配算法获得仿真波段内地表红外纹理,建立了下视红外观测模型,对地表红外纹理图像在传感器焦平面上重采样,最后按照辐射传输理论,计算生成光学入瞳前红外场景。仿真结果表明:该方法可以逼真地模拟地物场景红外纹理特征。将热红外遥感反演技术应用于红外场景仿真,极大简化了大规模地表场景仿真过程,为空间下视系统红外场景仿真提供了一种直观、有效的新方法。     

基于OpenGL的星载可见光相机成像仿真系统

介绍了一种星载可见光相机成像仿真系统,它主要用 于模拟星载可见光相机观测其他空间目标时的场景并输出仿真 图像。该系统不仅可以为空间目标检测与追踪研究提供图像数 据,而且还可以为空间相机的设计及性能评估提供技术支持。采用 3ds Max软件建立了空间目标的精准三 维模型,并给其赋予了材质属性;使用卫星工具包(Satellite Toolkit, STK) 预报了被观测目标和相机的轨道参数,并利用星表提供了星空背景中 恒星的位置、星等和自行等参数;在开源图形库(Open Graphics Library, OpenGL)中 建立了星载可见光相机观测空间目标时的场景,并模拟了星载可见光 相机的观测效果。结果表明,本文系统具有较高的仿真度和渲染速度,可 以实现深空点目标和近距离面目标的观测成像效果图的实时渲 染。     

基于低空图像的Worldview-1 全色波段仿真

对地资源探索是遥感技术的追求目标,Worldview-1是高精度商业卫星之一,星下点分辨率为0.5 m。提出一种基于图像的Worldview-1全色波段仿真方法。以低空飞行的可见近红外图像为数据源,利用大气校正或经验线性法进行反射率反演得到地面反射率图;然后经过以下四个步骤:辐射传输模拟、光谱波段匹配、空间分辨率仿真和传感器调制传递函数MTF仿真,仿真出Worldview-1全色波段图像。通过以飞艇为平台的外场试验获取数据,将仿真图像与Worldview-1全色波段图像从相似度及图像纹理参数进行对比,结果显示这种模拟地物、大气、传感器特性的图像仿真方法可以应用于Worldview-1全色波段图像的仿真。     

基于辐亮度匹配的无人机载成像光谱仪外场光谱定标研究

针对可见光与近红外波段无人机载成像光谱仪,在保证精度的前提下,提出了一种快速优化二维反演算法,利用大气吸收特征作为参照,采用辐亮度匹配的方法,在不需要测量地面反射率数据的情况下,反演了成像光谱仪的重要光谱参数中心波长的偏移量和带宽变化量。利用2010年11月14日于内蒙古乌拉特前旗开展的无人机遥感载荷综合验证场科学实验数据,在实验室光谱定标基础上进行了外场光谱定标。算法时间、成本大大减少,反演效率比常规二维反演算法提高了近100倍。通过地面光谱靶标对定标结果进行验证,对带宽为7 nm左右的成像光谱仪外场定标精度可达到0.1nm,一般优于0.5 nm。     

基于大气辐射传输模型的地物偏振反射率反演方法

提出一种基于大气矢量辐射传输模型的地物偏振反射率反演方法.利用辐射传输模型,建立地表反射率、观测条件与传感器入瞳处辐亮度偏振态的查找表,再进行查找表反查及数值计算,完成偏振反射率反演.验证实验表明,典型地面目标物的偏振反射率反演精度可达到90%.     

基于可见光图像的红外场景仿真

针对景象匹配系统对红外图像的迫切要求,提出了一种利用可见光图像仿真生成红外图像的方法.首先,设计了红外场景仿真的总体方案;其次,对其中的基于可见光图像的材质信息分类、目标表面温度模型的建立及红外特征图像的生成3个关键技术做了初步实现;最后,结合红外场景仿真算法完成了典型电厂目标红外场景序列图的生成.实验结果表明:该方法生成的24 h序列图像与实拍红外图像的变化规律基本一致,从而为可见光图像制备红外基准图提供了一种有效途径.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

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正Communications—VLSI Researches and industries of telecommunications have been growing rapidly in the last 20 years and will keep their high growing pace in the next decade.The involved researches and developments cover mobile communications,highway and last-mile broadband communication,domain specific communications,and emerging D2D M2M communications.Radio communication steps into its