重掺杂直拉硅单晶氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷

研究了重掺杂直拉硅单晶中掺杂元素硼、磷、砷、锑对氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷行为的影响.实验结果表明:重掺p型(硼)硅片氧沉淀被促进,氧沉淀密度高但无诱生二次缺陷;重掺n型(磷、砷、锑)硅片氧沉淀受抑制,氧沉淀密度低却诱生出层错;不同掺杂元素及浓度对重掺n型硅片氧沉淀抑制程度不同,并对氧沉淀诱生层错的形态产生影响.讨论了重掺硅单晶中掺杂元素影响氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷的机理,并利用掺杂元素-本征点缺陷作用模型和原子半径效应模型对实验结果进行了解释.     

重掺杂直拉硅单晶氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷

研究了重掺杂直拉硅单晶中掺杂元素硼、磷、砷、锑对氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷行为的影响 .实验结果表明 :重掺p型 (硼 )硅片氧沉淀被促进 ,氧沉淀密度高但无诱生二次缺陷 ;重掺n型 (磷、砷、锑 )硅片氧沉淀受抑制 ,氧沉淀密度低却诱生出层错 ;不同掺杂元素及浓度对重掺n型硅片氧沉淀抑制程度不同 ,并对氧沉淀诱生层错的形态产生影响 .讨论了重掺硅单晶中掺杂元素影响氧沉淀及其诱生二次缺陷的机理 ,并利用掺杂元素 本征点缺陷作用模型和原子半径效应模型对实验结果进行了解释 .     

锗对重掺硼直拉硅中氧沉淀的影响

通过单步长时间退火(650～1150℃/64h)和低高两步退火(650℃/16h 1000℃/16h和800℃/4～128h 1000℃/16h),研究锗对重掺硼硅(HB-Si)中氧沉淀的影响.实验结果表明,经过退火后,掺锗的重掺硼硅中与氧沉淀相关的体微缺陷密度要远远低于一般的重掺硼硅,这表明锗的掺人抑制了重掺硼硅中氧沉淀的生成,并对相关的机制做了初步探讨.     

锗对重掺硼直拉硅中氧沉淀的影响

通过单步长时间退火(650～1150℃/64h)和低高两步退火(650℃/16h+1000℃/16h和800℃/4～128h+1000℃/16h),研究锗对重掺硼硅(HB-Si)中氧沉淀的影响.实验结果表明,经过退火后,掺锗的重掺硼硅中与氧沉淀相关的体微缺陷密度要远远低于一般的重掺硼硅,这表明锗的掺人抑制了重掺硼硅中氧沉淀的生成,并对相关的机制做了初步探讨.     

氮对重掺锑直拉硅中氧沉淀的影响

通过在不同条件下退火,研究氮杂质对重掺锑硅(HSb- Si)中氧沉淀的影响.实验结果表明,在高温单步退火(10 0 0～115 0℃)和低高两步退火(6 5 0℃+10 5 0℃)后,掺氮HSb- Si中与氧沉淀相关的体微缺陷的密度都要远远高于一般的HSb- Si.这说明在HSb- Si中,氮能分别在高温和低温下促进氧沉淀的生成.因此,可以认为与轻掺直拉硅一样,在HSb- Si中,氮氧复合体同样能够生成,因而促进了氧沉淀的形核.实验结果还表明氮的掺入不影响HSb硅中氧沉淀的延迟行为.     

氮对重掺锑直拉硅中氧沉淀的影响

通过在不同条件下退火,研究氮杂质对重掺锑硅(HSb-Si)中氧沉淀的影响.实验结果表明,在高温单步退火(1000～1150℃)和低高两步退火(650℃+1050℃)后,掺氮HSb-Si中与氧沉淀相关的体微缺陷的密度都要远远高于一般的HSb-Si.这说明在HSb-Si中,氮能分别在高温和低温下促进氧沉淀的生成.因此,可以认为与轻掺直拉硅一样,在HSb-Si中,氮氧复合体同样能够生成,因而促进了氧沉淀的形核.实验结果还表明氮的掺入不影响HSb硅中氧沉淀的延迟行为.     

300mm掺氮直拉硅片的原生氧沉淀径向分布

采取从某一温度(600～1000℃)开始缓慢升温至高温(1150℃)并保温若干时间的方法,使得直拉Si片中大于起始温度对应的氧沉淀临界尺寸的那一部分原生氧沉淀得以长大,然后通过傅里叶红外光谱测量氧浓度变化以及利用扫描红外显微术测量氧沉淀密度.通过这样的方法,定性地研究了300mm掺N直拉Si片的原生氧沉淀的径向分布.研究表明:氧沉淀异常区域(称为P区)的原生氧沉淀密度显著高于空位型缺陷区域(称为V区);此外,V区中的原生氧沉淀的尺寸分布是不连续的,表现为高温下形成的大尺寸原生氧沉淀和低温下形成的小尺寸氧沉淀,而P区中的原生氧沉淀的尺寸分布则是连续的.我们从直拉Si晶体生长过程中原生氧沉淀的形成机制出发,对上述结果做了定性的解释.     

300mm掺氮直拉硅片的原生氧沉淀径向分布

采取从某一温度(600～1000℃)开始缓慢升温至高温(1150℃)并保温若干时间的方法,使得直拉Si片中大于起始温度对应的氧沉淀临界尺寸的那一部分原生氧沉淀得以长大,然后通过傅里叶红外光谱测量氧浓度变化以及利用扫描红外显微术测量氧沉淀密度.通过这样的方法,定性地研究了300mm掺N直拉Si片的原生氧沉淀的径向分布.研究表明:氧沉淀异常区域(称为P区)的原生氧沉淀密度显著高于空位型缺陷区域(称为V区);此外,V区中的原生氧沉淀的尺寸分布是不连续的,表现为高温下形成的大尺寸原生氧沉淀和低温下形成的小尺寸氧沉淀,而P区中的原生氧沉淀的尺寸分布则是连续的.我们从直拉Si晶体生长过程中原生氧沉淀的形成机制出发,对上述结果做了定性的解释.     

大直径直拉硅中氮对原生氧沉淀的影响

研究了在大直径直拉硅单晶中掺氮 (N )对原生氧沉淀的影响 .通过高温一步退火 (10 5 0℃ )和低 -高温两步退火 (80 0℃ +10 5 0℃ )发现在掺 N直拉 (NCZ)硅中氧沉淀的行为与一般直拉 (CZ)硅是大不相同的 ,经过高温一步退火后 ,在氧化诱生层错环 (OSF- ring)区氧沉淀的量要小于空洞型缺陷 (voids)区 ,而经过低 -高温两步退火后 ,OSF-ring区的氧沉淀量要远远大于 voids区 .由此可得 ,在晶体生长过程中 ,N通过改变硅晶体中空位的浓度及其分布从而改变原生氧沉淀的尺寸和分布 .并在此基础上讨论了在大直径 NCZ硅中掺 N影响原生氧沉淀的机理 .     

大直径直拉硅中氮对原生氧沉淀的影响

研究了在大直径直拉硅单晶中掺氮(N)对原生氧沉淀的影响.通过高温一步退火(1050℃)和低-高温两步退火(800℃+1050℃)发现在掺N直拉(NCZ)硅中氧沉淀的行为与一般直拉(CZ)硅是大不相同的,经过高温一步退火后,在氧化诱生层错环(OSF-ring)区氧沉淀的量要小于空洞型缺陷(voids)区,而经过低-高温两步退火后,OSF-ring区的氧沉淀量要远远大于voids区.由此可得,在晶体生长过程中,N通过改变硅晶体中空位的浓度及其分布从而改变原生氧沉淀的尺寸和分布.并在此基础上讨论了在大直径NCZ硅中掺N影响原生氧沉淀的机理.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.