激光偏振拉曼的CVD多晶石墨烯表征

石墨烯具有优异的物理化学性质,在MEMS器件、光电检测材料、柔性显示屏、新能源电池、复合材料等方面成为研究热点。目前大面积石墨烯制备主要依赖于化学气相沉积技术(chemical vapor deposition, CVD),但其生长的晶体质量直接影响到电化学特性和实际应用,因此需要一种快速而准确的表征方法。实验利用背向散射的偏振激光散射装置测量CVD生长的石墨烯拉曼光谱。通过分析实验获得的300 nm SiO2/Si基底上的单层、五层和十层左右的石墨烯角分辨偏振拉曼光谱,发现单层生长的石墨烯偏振特性与机械剥离单晶石墨烯一致;随着层数的增加,G峰偏振响应差异更加明显,表现出明显的椭圆特性;在不同石墨烯层数上的D峰也呈现出一定的偏振响应差异性。偏振拉曼测试结果表明目前CVD生长的缺陷和多晶特性与石墨烯层数呈现正相关特征。     

基于蓝宝石基底转移石墨烯的中波红外透过光谱分析

利用常压化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备大面积单层石墨烯,并分别转移一层和三层至蓝宝石基底表面。采用共焦拉曼光谱仪对样片表面多点进行测量,以表征不同位置转移石墨烯的层数、缺陷与连续性。考虑石墨烯在红外波段的自由载流子吸收和泡利阻塞效应,计算得到光电导率随波长变化的曲线。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对石墨烯样品中波红外(3~5?m)透过率进行了测试,结果表明其在中波红外存在明显的泡利阻塞效应。实测的单层石墨烯中波红外相对透过率为98.5%,明显高于可见区域。三层石墨烯的相对透过率也与仿真结果相仿。由此可见,石墨烯将有望弥补ITO在中波红外透明窗口电磁屏蔽应用方面的不足。     

铜衬底上热丝CVD法低温生长石墨烯薄膜的研究

以乙炔作为碳源,抛光铜片作为衬底,采用热丝CVD法低温生长了石墨烯。通过拉曼散射光谱和紫外-可见分光光度计分析了样品的性能。结果表明,灯丝温度的提高有助于乙炔分解为对石墨烯晶粒形核生长比较有利的含碳活性基团。衬底温度的升高增强了铜衬底对石墨烯生长的催化作用。通过调整气体流量中乙炔的比例,可以有效降低石墨烯薄膜的层数。最终在乙炔浓度为2%,衬底温度为450℃的低衬底温度条件下制得了的单层石墨烯纳米晶薄膜。     

化学气相沉积法可控制备石墨烯薄膜和单晶畴北大核心

采用化学气相沉积（CVD）法,以铜箔为衬底,以甲烷为碳源,制备了石墨烯薄膜和单晶畴,并利用扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜、喇曼光谱仪、紫外-可见透过光谱仪等手段对石墨烯进行了系统表征。结果表明,质量分数为10%的稀硝酸对铜箔表面进行腐蚀处理20 s可以有效去除铜箔表面析出的杂质颗粒,从而提高石墨烯的质量。在此基础上,研究了氢气和甲烷体积流量比对石墨烯生长的影响,当氢气和甲烷体积流量比从0∶1变化到5∶1时,石墨烯薄膜从单层生长变化到多层生长。此外,氢气和甲烷体积流量比也会显著影响晶畴的形状,随着氢气和甲烷体积流量比的增加,石墨烯晶畴从无规则形状逐渐变化到六边形。     

多层Ge量子点的生长及其光学特性

用超高真空化学气相淀积系统在Si(100)衬底上生长了多层Ge量子点.分别用TEM和AFM分析了埋层和最上层量子点的形貌和尺寸,研究了量子点层数和Si隔离层厚度对上层Ge量子点的形状和尺寸分布的影响.观察到样品的低温PL谱线有明显蓝移(87meV),Ge量子点的PL谱线的半高宽度(FWHM)为46meV,说明采用UHV/CVD生长的多层量子点适合量子光电器件的应用.     

多层Ge量子点的生长及其光学特性

用超高真空化学气相淀积系统在Si(1 0 0 )衬底上生长了多层Ge量子点.分别用TEM和AFM分析了埋层和最上层量子点的形貌和尺寸,研究了量子点层数和Si隔离层厚度对上层Ge量子点的形状和尺寸分布的影响.观察到样品的低温PL谱线有明显蓝移(87meV) ,Ge量子点的PL谱线的半高宽度(FWHM )为46meV ,说明采用UHV/CVD生长的多层量子点适合量子光电器件的应用     

分子束外延碲镉汞探测器的变结面积I-V测试研究

碲镉汞红外探测器的表面钝化处理对器件暗电流有较大影响,决定了器件的探测性能。为了研究表面钝化层不同生长方式对暗电流的抑制效果,使用分子束外延(Molecular Beam Epitaxy, MBE)系统在Si基衬底上生长碲镉汞材料,分别通过磁控溅射和原位钝化方法生长CdTe/ZnS钝化膜层。采用半导体工艺在碲镉汞材料上制备了变面积光伏探测器。通过测试不同钝化膜层器件的暗电流,分析零偏电阻和面积乘积(R₀A)与周长面积之比(p/A)的关系。结果表明,磁控溅射生长钝化层的Si基碲镉汞器件存在较大的隧穿电流,而原位钝化生长钝化层的Si基碲镉汞器件能更有效地抑制表面漏电流。拟合器件R₀A因子随PN结面积的变化,得出原位生长钝化层的器件具有更好的钝化效果。变面积器件的制备和测试能够有效且直观地反映器件性能。     

石墨烯基材料的能带调控技术研究进展

石墨烯具有一系列特殊的物理和化学性质,因而近年来受到人们的极大关注。然而目前石墨烯在光电子领域的应用尚不广泛,其主要原因是由石墨烯的半金属性决定的,所以将石墨烯由半金属转变为半导体就成为人们关注的一个焦点问题。我们针对石墨烯能带调制问题开展了系统的石墨烯基材料与器件的制备研究,开发了单层、双层石墨烯的CVD制备技术、氧化石墨烯的"Tang-Lau Method"制备技术、石墨烯量子点的微波辅助水热制备技术及软模板制备技术、氯/硫掺杂石墨烯量子点水热制备技术等。系统地研究了制备参数对石墨烯基材料的性质影响,探讨了尺寸效应、掺杂元素等因素对石墨烯基材料能级的影响,成功制备得到了一系列具有半导体性质的石墨烯基材料,并初步探讨了这些材料在光电器件中的应用。我们经过多年的研究,掌握了石墨烯基材料制备的核心技术,并成功建立了一套石墨烯能带调制技术。     

无偏角4H-SiC同质外延温场分布系数的仿真及实验研究

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)方法进行碳化硅(4H-SiC)同质外延生长,生长过程中温场分布是决定外延层质量的关键因素。对CVD系统的温场分布进行了仿真研究,并采用无偏角4H-SiC衬底进行同质外延生长实验验证。结果表明,无偏角4H-SiC外延层中的3C-SiC多型体夹杂与生长室温场分布密切相关。实验数据验证了仿真结果,两者的温度分布具有高度一致性,这也证明了仿真数据的有效性。     

SiO2/Si上石墨烯薄膜的化学气相沉积法制备及其性能表征

以铜为催化剂,采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和甲烷为碳源的化学气相沉积两步法,在SiO₂/Si衬底上制备了石墨烯薄膜。利用拉曼光谱分析了薄膜的层数和质量,利用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了薄膜的尺寸与表面形貌。实验探究了生长时间、氢气流量和气体总压强等工艺参数对石墨烯薄膜层数和质量的影响,最终在优化条件下制得10μm级质量较高的多层石墨烯薄膜。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

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