2~3微米波段InP基无锑激光器和光电探测器

介绍了我们基于InP衬底采用无锑材料体系开展的2~3μm波段激光器及光电探测器方面的持续探索,包括采用赝配三角形量子阱方案的2~2.5μm波段I型InGaAs多量子阱激光器、采用虚拟衬底异变方案的2.5~3μm波段I型InAs多量子阱激光器、以及截止波长大于1.7μm的高In组分InGaAs光电探测器等,这些器件结构均采用GSMBE方法生长,其中2.5μm以下波长的激光器已实现了高于室温的CW激射并获实际应用,2.9μm波长的激光器也在热电制冷温度下实现了脉冲激射,含超晶格电子阻挡势垒层的截止波长2.6μm InGaAs光电探测器暗电流显著减小,此类光电探测器材料已用于航天遥感焦平面组件的研制.     

半导体所制成高温连续激射2μm波段锑化物量子阱激光器

据www.cas.cn网站报道,近日,中国科学院半导体研究所纳米光电子实验室与超晶格国家重点实验室分子束外延(MBE)课题组合作,采用分子束外延技术生长制成InGaSb/AlGaAsSb应变量子阱激光器,实现了高工作温度(T=80℃)下连续激射(激射波长为2μm,出光功率为63.7 mW),达到了国内领先水平。中红外2～3.5μm波段激光器在气体检测、环境监测、激光制导、红外对抗和激光雷达等诸多领域有着十分广泛而又重要的应用。与其它中红外波段传统半导体材料体系相比,窄带隙InGaAsSb锑化物材料与衬底晶格匹配,其禁带宽度可以覆盖1.7～4.4μm波段。锑化物光电器件的独特优势日益受到广泛重视,已经成为目前的国际前沿和热点研     

用自组织量子点纳米结构制造的红外光电探测器

对于新一代光电子器件的设计,Ⅲ-Ⅴ族半导体导带或者价带中次能带间的载流子跃迁很重要.这些跃迁已被成功地用以演示新型红外激光器和探测器的操作.本文讨论量子点纳米结构中的次能带间跃迁在红外探测器方面的应用.在我们的研究工作中,量子点结构允许探测垂直入射的光.这种结构很有希望用于未来的焦平面列阵的设计,未来的焦平面列阵不需要用光栅结构把入射光散射成正确的偏振光以便通过次能带间的跃迁将其探测出来.本文中的量子点红外光电探测器也呈现出一种本征光伏效应.我们在低温(40 K)下演示了这种探测器的光导和光伏操作方式,在偏压低于0.5 V时获得的响应率约为数十mA/W.在以光伏方式或者光导方式操作的器件中,测得的探测率范围为2×108cmHz1/2/W至7×109cmHz1/2/W.通过实验已经证明,量子点结构能够探测9 μm至13 μm波段的红外辐射.     

局域光场增强的量子阱红外探测器（特邀）

量子阱红外探测器是继碲镉汞红外探测器之后又一重要的可以在中、长波段和甚长波段工作的红外探测器件。它在长波红外探测、多色探测及其焦平面技术方面表现出比碲镉汞红外探测器更具特色的优势,对量子阱红外探测器的研究将在很大程度上推动我国红外探测器技术的发展。这一探测器的突出优势是其材料均匀性好,制备技术成熟。但是由于量子效率偏低,且无法直接吸收垂直入射红外光,所以需要针对不同的红外探测波段,设计和制备各类光栅或微腔结构来进行光耦合及局域光场增强以有效提升探测器性能。如何更有效提升量子阱红外探测器的光耦合效率,降低暗电流,提高器件工作温度是仍然是目前研究的重点。文中着重介绍和总结了近5年来研究的局域光场增强的新型量子阱红外探测器,从提高探测器光耦合效率、降低器件暗电流和提高工作温度等方面重点讨论各种量子阱红外探测器的新结构和新机理,同时展望了这一探测器的未来发展方向。     

1～2μm的Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物探测器

简要评论了响应1～2μm光谱区的探测器结构.介绍液相外延生长的InGaAs光电探测器结果,其中包括适用于1.0～1.7μm光谱区的直径为100μm和500μm的器件以及适用于0.5～1.7μm波段直径为100μm的薄帽器件.在这些器件中观察到高量子效率、低漏电电流和高稳定性.本文还描述了响应2～3μm波长的异质结构器件.     

128×128三电极中/长波双色量子阱红外探测器

量子阱红外探测器(QWIP)阵列具有重要的实用意义。国外的研究已经相当成熟,但是在国内,量子阱红外探测器阵列的研究水平还较低,尤其是对于双色量子阱红外探测器阵列的研究更是刚刚起步。文中使用GaAs/AlGaAs、InGaAs/AlGaAs应变量子阱和三端电极引出的器件结构研制出128×128中/长波双色量子阱红外探测器阵列。该结构实现了同像元同时引出双色信号。器件像元中心距为40μm,像元有效面积为36μm×36μm。探测器芯片与读出电路互连并完成微杜瓦封装。在65 K条件下测试,峰值波长为:中波5.37μm,长波8.63μm,器件的平均峰值探测率为:中波4.75×109cmHz1/2W-1,长波3.27×109cmHz1/2W-1。并进行了双波段的红外演示成像。     

利用表面等离子体波提高铂硅红外探测器量子效率

为提高铂硅肖特基势垒红外探测器的量子效率,文章将平坦的铂硅-p型硅金半接触界面设计成光栅结构,利用光栅耦合激发表面等离子波效应提高铂硅红外探测器光耦合效率.采用严格耦合波分析方法优化了光栅结构参数以及模拟了探测器在等离子共振波长处的电场分布.最后探讨了光耦合效率与铂硅红外探测器量子效率的定量关系,发现在3~5μm波段光栅结构的量子效率较平坦结构能提高2倍多,在波长3μm和3.4μm时分别提高2.94和2.5倍.     

中/长波切换工作模式的双色量子阱红外焦平面研制

报道了中/长波切换工作模式的双色量子阱红外焦平面研制。通过特殊设计的器件和读出电路结构,获得了可对中波波段和长波波段选择的切换架构。突破了双色量子阱材料、器件以及读出电路等关键技术,研制出384288规模、25 m中心距双色量子阱红外焦平面探测器。在70 K条件下器件性能优良,噪声等效温差为28 mK(中波)和30 mK(长波),响应峰值波长分别为5.1 m(中波)和8.5 m(长波)。室温目标红外成像演示了探测器的双色探测功能。     

单片集成的双波段红外探测器列阵

量子阱红外光电探测器(QWIP)技术已取得了显著的成就,因为它在宽波段和多波段两方面都实现了大规格的焦平面列阵。这些探测器基于Ⅲ-Ⅴ族半导体材料,其在中波红外和长波红外(3μm-50μm)范围的光谱响应是可以专门确定的。最近,美国喷气推进实验室通过将一个近红外(1μm-1．5μm)p-i-n光电二极管与一个中红外(3μm-5μm)量子阱红外光电探测器集     

太赫兹量子级联激光器与量子阱探测器研究进展（特邀）

太赫兹量子级联激光器和太赫兹量子阱探测器都是基于子带间电子跃迁的半导体器件,具有体积小、频率可调、响应速度快等优点。其工作波长位于微波波长和红外波长之间,其光谱涵盖了众多气体分子、化合物以及凝聚态物质的频谱特征,在天文观测、公共安全、生物医药等领域中有重大应用前景。近年来,太赫兹量子级联激光器和太赫兹量子阱探测器的性能有了显著提高,其应用也受到关注。回顾了太赫兹量子级联激光器和量子阱探测器的发展历程,简述了其工作原理和器件结构,介绍了器件性能在工作温度、光谱范围等方面的最新进展及其在高分辨光谱、太赫兹成像、无线宽带通信等方面的应用,并在此基础上分析了目前存在的问题和研究热点,对其未来发展进行了展望。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

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正Communications—VLSI Researches and industries of telecommunications have been growing rapidly in the last 20 years and will keep their high growing pace in the next decade.The involved researches and developments cover mobile communications,highway and last-mile broadband communication,domain specific communications,and emerging D2D M2M communications.Radio communication steps into its