半导体结构中局域弹性应变场的电子背散射衍射分析

采用扫描电镜中的电子背散射衍射（Electron Backscattering Diffraction,EBSD）技术,对硼掺杂的可动悬空硅薄膜和用于激光二极管（LED）的蓝宝石衬底上异质外延生长GaN层中的弹性应变区进行了测量.将菊池图的图像质量（IQ）和Hough转变强度,以及小角度晶界错配的统计数据作为应力敏感参数,研究了单晶材料系统中,微米～亚微米尺度的晶格畸变状态及局域弹性应变场.EBSD测试获得了硅薄膜窗口区域及LED的GaN外延层中的弹性应变分布.     

氮化镓异质结高能电子辐照的电子背散射衍射研究

利用2MeV电子辐照氮化镓(GaN)异质结,辐照剂量分别为1×1015/cm2和5×1015/cm2.电子背散射衍射(EBSD)菊池图的图像质量IQ值随辐照剂量的增加而增大,对应的表层应变或畸变减小.扫描电镜能谱(SEM/EDS)分析发现氧原子在外延层心部发生富集,表明高能电子辐照在GaN外延层内引入晶格损伤.表层应变...     

氮化镓异质结高能电子辐照的电子背散射衍射研究

利用2MeV电子辐照氮化镓(GaN)异质结,辐照剂量分别为1×1015/cm2和5×1015/cm2。电子背散射衍射(EBSD)菊池图的图像质量IQ值随辐照剂量的增加而增大,对应的表层应变或畸变减小。扫描电镜能谱(SEM/EDS)分析发现氧原子在外延层心部发生富集,表明高能电子辐照在GaN外延层内引入晶格损伤。表层应变状态的改变与杂质扩散和辐照点缺陷的引入直接相关,其中晶格损伤是影响表面应变状态的主要因素。     

纳米异质外延层与衬底的晶体取向匹配的电子背散射衍射分析

本文采用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）,测量纳米异质外延层的织构,及外延层与衬底的晶体取向匹配。测试的材料包括作为YBCO超导膜的过渡层、生长在强立方织构Ni-5at.%W（Ni-W）衬底上的La2Zr2O7（LZO）外延层,及LED器件中生长在蓝宝石衬底上的GaN过渡层和外延层。EBSD测量出LZO外延层具有旋转立方织构,显示出LZO与Ni-W衬底的面内取向（转动45°）及面外取向（沿[001]方向）的匹配关系。EBSD测量出GaN过渡层与蓝宝石衬底的面内取向（转动30°）的匹配关系,显示出由GaN过渡层的晶格畸变而引入的平行于外延生长方向的弹性应变梯度（约500 nm）。     

GaN薄膜电子声成像和电子背散射衍射研究

采用扫描电声显微镜(SEAM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对异质外延在Al2O3衬底上GaN界面区域成像测试分析。异质外延失配应力导致在Al2O3和GaN界面附近的微区晶格畸变在SEAM的声成像中可以清楚看到,而且受应力影响集中区域的微区衬度差异明显。利用EBSD色带图及质量参数分析了失配应力变化,晶格应变和弹性形变在200nm内可以得到释放。     

二次退火对p型GaN的应变影响

采用LP-MOCVD在蓝宝石基片上外延生长了Mg掺杂p-GaN,并对样品进行了退火处理.利用高分辨X射线衍射(HRXRD)对经不同退火时间处理后的样品进行了测试分析,从应变的角度对p型GaN中的杂质和缺陷行为特性进行了分析和探讨.结果表明:p型GaN的应变状态与其退火过程中的杂质和缺陷行为及其最后的电学性能都有着一定的规律性.     

前处理蓝宝石衬底上生长高质量GaN薄膜

采用化学方法腐蚀部分c面蓝宝石衬底,在腐蚀区域形成一定的图案,利用LP-MOCVD在经过表面处理的蓝宝石衬底上外延生长GaN薄膜.采用高分辨率双晶X射线衍射(DCXRD)、透射光谱分析GaN薄膜的晶体质量和光学质量.分析结果表明,GaN薄膜透射谱反映出的GaN质量与X射线双晶衍射测量的结果一致,即透射率越大,半高宽越小,结晶质量越好;对蓝宝石衬底进行前处理可以大大改善GaN薄膜的晶体质量和光学质量,其(0002)面及(1012)面XRD半高宽(FWHM)分别降低到208.80"及320.76"     

前处理蓝宝石衬底上生长高质量GaN薄膜

采用化学方法腐蚀部分c面蓝宝石衬底,在腐蚀区域形成一定的图案,利用LP-MOCVD在经过表面处理的蓝宝石衬底上外延生长GaN薄膜.采用高分辨率双晶X射线衍射(DCXRD)、透射光谱分析GaN薄膜的晶体质量和光学质量.分析结果表明,GaN薄膜透射谱反映出的GaN质量与X射线双晶衍射测量的结果一致,即透射率越大,半高宽越小,结晶质量越好;对蓝宝石衬底进行前处理可以大大改善GaN薄膜的晶体质量和光学质量,其(0002)面及(1012)面XRD半高宽(FWHM)分别降低到208.80"及320.76"     

由EBSD谱三维重构晶体的Bravais点阵

本文提出了利用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术确定块状晶体未知点阵的新思路,详细介绍了从EBSD谱中的二维面信息到三维空间的重构算法,利用超定方程组,由菊池带宽度及其夹角信息,求出三维倒易初基胞的晶胞参数。结果表明,用单张EBSD花样完全可以解析未知晶体的Bravais点阵类型及晶胞参数。     

预处理蓝宝石衬底上生长高质量GaN显示薄膜

采用化学方法腐蚀部分 c-面蓝宝石衬底,在腐蚀区域形成一定的图案,利用 LP-MOCVD 在此经过表面处理的蓝宝石衬底上外延生长 GaN 薄膜.采用高分辨率双晶X射线衍射(DCXRD)、光致发光光谱(PL)、透射光谱分析GaN薄膜的晶体质量和光学质量.分析结果表明,CaN 薄膜透射谱反映出的 CaN 质量与 X射线双晶衍射测量的结果一致,即透射率越大,半高宽越小,结晶质量越好;对蓝宝石衬底进行前处理可以大大改善GaN薄膜的晶体质量和光学质量,其(0002)面及(1012)面XRD半高宽(FWHM)分别降低到 208.80arcsec 及 320.76arcsec,而且其光致发光谱中的黄光带几乎可以忽略.     

EBSD measurements of elastic strain fields in a GaN/sapphire structure

An elastic strain field of the heteroepitaxial GaN layer grown on the sapphire substrate, containing a buffer interlayer, was measured using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Pattern qualities, Hough transforms and small misorientations of Kikuchi bands on EBSD patterns, as strain sensitive parameters and referred to diffraction intensities, were performed to evaluate the elastically distorted region within the sample. The elastic strain gradient parallel to the growth direction of GaN epilayers was mapped and a strain range from 100 nm to 200 nm was detected.     

Effects of high-temperature AIN buffer on the microstructure of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

Effects on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor structure of a high-temperature AlN buffer on sapphire substrate have been studied by high-resolution x-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy techniques. The buffer improves the microstructural quality of GaN epilayer and reduces approximately one order of magnitude the edge-type threading dislocation density. As expected, the buffer also leads an atomically flat surface with a low root-mean-square of 0.25 nm and a step termination density in the range of 10⁸ cm^?2. Due to the high-temperature buffer layer, no change on the strain character of the GaN and AlGaN epitaxial layers has been observed. Both epilayers exhibit compressive strain in parallel to the growth direction and tensile strain in perpendicular to the growth direction. However, an high-temperature AlN buffer layer on sapphire substrate in the HEMT structure reduces the tensile stress in the AlGaN layer.     

Advances in SEM-based diffraction studies of defects and strains in semiconductors

Two scanning electron microscope (SEM)-based diffraction techniques, i.e. electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) are used to study lattice defect and local elastic strain distributions in Si1-xGe(x) epilayers grown on Si substrates patterned with mesas. The ECCI technique allows the misfit dislocations to be imaged in bulk samples. The misfit dislocations caused plastic relaxation of the strain in planar regions between mesas and in the wider mesas. In the narrower mesas the removal of lateral constraint at the mesa side faces had reduced the stress sufficiently to suppress the propagation of dislocations parallel to the closely spaced side faces. The measurements of small changes in the positions of two zone axes in EBSD patterns caused by variations in the local strain field were used to determine the strains and rotations making up the generalized plane strain tensor describing the deformation in the long mesa structures. The strain sensitivity of the method was determined to be approximately +/- 2 x 10(-4). Distributions of strains and rotations across mesas of several dimensions are reported and differ significantly between mesa for which the mesas width to epilayer thickness is high and low.     

生长于4H-SiC和蓝宝石衬底上的GaN的Raman光谱和高分辨率XRD研究分析

The crystal quality, stress and strain of GaN grown on 4H-SiC and sapphire are characterized by high resolution X-ray diffraction（HRXRD） and Raman spectroscopy.The large stress in GaN leads to the generation of a large number of dislocations.The Raman stress is determined by the results of HRXRD.The position and line shape of the A1 longitudinal optical（LO） phonon mode is used to determine the free carrier concentration and electron mobility in GaN.The differences between free carrier concentration and electron mobility in GaN grown on sapphire and 4H-SiC are analyzed.     

Characterization of MOVPE-grown (Al, In, Ga) N heterostructures by quantitative analytical electron microscopy

The low pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy growth of wurzite (Al, In, Ga)N heterostructures on sapphire substrates is investigated by quantitative analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques like atomic number (Z-) contrast imaging and convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED). Especially (In, Ga)N quantum wells of different thicknesses as well as superlattices were analyzed with respect to defects, chemical composition variations, interface abruptness and strain (relaxation) effects. The interfaces in In_0.12Ga_0.88N/GaN quantum wells appear to be asymmetric. Additionally, we found composition variations of Δx_In≥0.03 within the InGaN quantum wells. The application of electron diffraction techniques (CBED) yields quantitative information on strain and relaxation effects. For the case of 17 nm thick InGaN quantum wells, we observed relaxation effects which are not present in the investigated thin quantum wells of 2 nm thickness. The experimentally obtained diffraction patterns were compared to simulations in order to get values for strain within the quantum wells. Additionally, the influence of dislocations on the digression of superlattices is investigated.     

2×25.4 mm GaN LED外延膜的激光剥离及其衬底的重复利用

利用激光剥离技术实现直径为50.8 mm CaN LED外延膜的大面积完整剥离.激光剥离后的原子力显微镜(AFM)扫描和X射线双晶衍射谱(XRD)表明剥离前后外延膜的质量并未明显改变.并报道了在剥离掉后的蓝宝石(α-Al2O3)衬底上MOCVD外延生长InGaN/CaN多量子阱(MQW's)LED器件结构,通过光致发光谱(PL)和XRD谱对比分析了在相同条件下剥离掉后衬底与常规衬底上生长的CaN LED外延膜晶体质量.     

Laser lift-off technique and the re-utilization of GaN-based LED films grown on sapphire substrate

A thin GaN LED film, grown on 2-inch-diameter sapphire substrates, is separated by laser lift-off. Atom force microscopy （AFM） and the double-crystal X-ray diffraction （XRD） have been employed to characterize the performance of Gan before and after the lift-off process. It is demonstrated that the separation and transfer processes do not alter the crystal quality of the GaN films obviously. InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-wells （MQW＇s） structure is grown on the separated sapphire substrate later and is compared with that grown on the conventional substmte under the same condition by using PL and XRD spectrum.