SAGA在软件测试数据自动生成中的应用

总结了测试数据自动生成的通用模型,把模拟退火遗传算法(SAGA)引入模型中作为核心搜索方法,避免了单一遗传算法易陷入局部最优的问题。在算法中,通过实施模拟退火筛选、改进加速适应度函数和控制温度迭代方式达到了模拟退火算法(SA)与遗传算法(GA)的有机融合,并优化了SA的邻域构造方式,加入了遗传算法的最优保留策略,使得算法在收敛效率等方面更加有效。试验证明,该方法是有效的测试数据自动生成方法。     

智能优化算法自动生成软件测试数据的方法探析

软件测试是保证软件质量的有效手段,智能演化算法用于解决软件测试中路径覆盖测试数据的生成问题。本文简要说明了软件测试的类型,分析其中白盒测试的路径覆盖问题、程序插装以及将软件测试数据生成问题转化为优化问题的思想;在随后的智能优化算法部分,介绍了二种智能优化算法,并以其中的遗传算法为例,详细给出了使用遗传算法生成测试数据的步骤,进而说明智能演化算法自动生成测试数据的思想和方法。     

基于改进遗传算法的测试用例生成

在软件测试中,测试用例生成是软件测试中的关键技术问题,对于软件测试的自动化有着重要影响。为了提高测试用例生成的效率,文中提出了一种用于测试用例生成的改进算法。该算法引入了自适应算子和禁忌搜索思想,将自适应遗传算法和禁忌搜索有机结合,充分发挥遗传算法的全局搜索和禁忌搜索算法局部搜索优势,提高了测试数据的生成能力。实验结果表明,该算法在测试数据自动生成的效率和有效性方面,均优于自适应遗传算法。     

基于否定选择遗传算法的路径覆盖测试数据生成

路径覆盖是软件测试领域重要的测试方法之一.在搜索空间中,找到一组测试数据满足路径覆盖是一个具有挑战性的问题.因此,自动生成测试数据是软件测试的关键问题.文中提出一种基于否定选择遗传算法的路径覆盖测试数据生成方法,将否定选择策略融入遗传算法,动态优化遗传算法的种群数据,自动生成覆盖目标路径的测试数据.多个基准程序和工业程序的实验结果表明,与随机方法和遗传算法比较,文中方法能够提高路径覆盖率,减少冗余测试数据的生成.     

基于改进遗传算法的无线传感器网络路由协议生成系统研究

无线传感器网络路由协议自动化生成技术是无线传感器网络自动化组网的重要组成部分,为了进一步提高无线传感器网络路由协议自动生成质量和效率,在建立无线传感器网络路由协议自动生成模型的基础上融入一种改进的遗传算法,该算法通过引进自适应交叉算子和变异算子把模拟退火算法融入其中,很大程度上扩大了测试数据搜索生成范围,一定程度上克服了遗传算法的早熟收敛现象。在上述工作的基础上,提出把无线传感器网络路由协议自动生成算法封装为动态链接库(.dll)供系统调用,采用B/S架构,MVC开发模式,ASP.NET语言等技术设计并实现了一款基于改进遗传算法的无线传感器网络路由协议自动生成系统并进行性能测试,测试结果表明系统运行稳定,在无线传感器网络路由协议自动生成质量和效率方面满足要求。     

基于路径自动分割的测试数据生成方法

为了提高路径覆盖测试数据生成效率,研究了路径自动分割方法并结合人工鱼群算法提出了一种路径覆盖测试数据生成方法.首先在分析变量与节点关系、变量与路径关系的基础上提出了路径分割的自动判定及分离算法,实现了变量对子路径有无影响的自动判定;其次引入Levy飞行策略和共轭梯度法对人工鱼群算法进行了改进;然后结合路径分离的结果和改进的人工鱼群算法实现路径覆盖测试数据的生成.在利用人工鱼生成测试数据的过程中,判断是否有人工鱼穿越分离的子路径.如果有,则记录人工鱼中穿越子路径相应的分量并在人工鱼的觅食、聚群及追尾等行为中固定这些分量,从而使得搜索空间不断减少.最后将提出的方法实现程序的测试数据生成,并与相关方法进行了比较.实验结果表明,本文方法在时间开销、成功率及算法稳定性等方面均具有优越性.     

基于蚁群算法的多路径覆盖测试数据生成

为了提高多路径覆盖测试数据的生成效率,研究了一种基于蚁群算法的多路径覆盖测试数据生成方法.首先给出蚁群算法的一种改进方法,该算法以蚂蚁对生成测试数据的重要性作为蚂蚁状态转移和蚂蚁路径变异的依据,以引导更多蚂蚁穿越小概率节点,提高测试数据生成效率.其次,根据改进的蚁群算法分别提出了基于单信息素表和多信息素表的多路径覆盖测试数据生成方法.在基于多信息素表的方法中,每条目标路径的信息素表均被用于其它路径测试数据的求解,而且蚁群算法运行一次即可求解多条目标路径的覆盖测试数据.最后对所提出方法的有效性和复杂度进行了理论分析.实验结果表明,与其它方法相比,基于多信息素表的测试数据生成方法能够有效地生成多路径覆盖测试数据.     

基于遗传算法的路径测试用例的自动生成探讨

在软件开发中进行软件测试是为了保证软件质量和可靠性。软件测试中测试数据合理设计很关键。如何优化测试数据,自动生成测试数据是人们一直研究的问题,本文针对测试用例的自动化生成进行了深入的研究,在分析遗传算法的基础上,设计了一个基于遗传算法的测试用例自动生成系统,仿真实践表明,本文设计的系统能够准确地自动生成满足指定路径的测试用例。具有很好的适应性,对程序路径是否被覆盖能智能判断,对不能完全覆盖的程序路径将给出最优解。     

浅谈基于遗传算法的自动组卷技术的研究

本文从分析自动组卷技术的发展出发,分析了目前三种常用的组卷技术存在的优缺点,描述了自动组卷过程中试题库的设计,详细的阐述了基于遗传算法的自动组卷技术中传统的遗传算法存在的不足,并提出了对遗传算法的改进和优化,主要针对染色体编码的改进、适应度函数设置的优化、交叉算法的改进以及变异算法的优化四个方面进行研究。     

软件测试数据自动生成方法研究

在对软件进行测试中,生成测试用例是一个工作量巨大的工作,若是依靠手工方式生成测试数据则极有可能出现错误.为了保证测试的充分性,测试用例的有效性,本文研究了如何进行测试数据的自动生成,提出了基于遗传算法的软件测试数据的生成方法.本方法利用遗传算法实现测试数据的自动化生成,并在生成的过程中并对测试数据进行测试,解决了路径覆盖的测试.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.