语音重构的DCT域加速Landweber迭代硬阈值算法

重构信号的最基本理论依据是该信号在某个变换域是稀疏的或近似稀疏的。基于语音信号在DCT域的近似稀疏性,可以采用压缩感知(Compressed Sensing, CS)理论对其进行重构。压缩感知理论中的迭代硬阈值(Iterative hard thresholding, IHT)算法以其较好的性能被广泛用来重构信号,但其收敛速度比较慢,如何提高收敛速度,一直是迭代硬阈值算法研究的重点之一。针对压缩感知理论中的IHT算法收敛速度相当慢的问题,提出了语音重构的DCT域加速Landweber迭代硬阈值(Accelerated Landweber iterative hard thresholding, ALIHT)算法。该算法对原始语音信号做DCT变换,然后在DCT域将每一步Landweber迭代分解为矩阵计算和求解两步,通过修改其中的矩阵计算部分实现Landweber迭代加速,最后通过迭代硬阈值对信号做阈值处理。实验结果表明,加速Landweber迭代硬阈值算法加快了收敛速度、减少了计算量。      

面向压缩感知的块稀疏度自适应迭代算法

块稀疏信号是一种典型的稀疏信号,目前在块稀疏信号的压缩感知问题中,大多数信号重构算法要求信号的块稀疏度已知且算法复杂度高.针对实际应用中信号块稀疏度未知的情况,提出了一种块稀疏度自适应迭代算法,用于信号重构.首先,该算法初始化一个块稀疏度,其值按设定步长进行增加.对每一个块稀疏度的迭代,算法都会找到信号支撑块的一个子集,并修正更新上一次找到的信号支撵块,最后找到信号的整个支撑块,从而重构出源信号.该算法不需要信号的块稀疏度作为先验知识,而且算法复杂度低.仿真实验表明,该算法的重构概率较已有大多数块稀疏信号重构算法的重构概率高,在块稀疏信号的压缩感知问题中具有实际意义.     

块稀疏广义正交匹配追踪算法

基于广义正交匹配追踪,提出了一种在压缩感知框架下,适用于任意块稀疏信号重构的算法。该算法以贪婪迭代为核心,在迭代过程中利用一种新的方法寻找非零块,达到了非零块估计方法优化的目的,提升了算法重构概率。理论分析表明在恰当的受限等距特性常数约束下,该算法能够保证重构原始信号。仿真实验从稀疏度、算法估计步长、测量值数目、迭代次数等方面证明了该算法的有效性与优越性。     

一种改进的稀疏度自适应匹配追踪算法

压缩感知理论是一种充分利用信号稀疏性或可压缩性的全新信号获取和处理理论。针对未知稀疏度信号重构,提出了一种改进的稀疏度自适应匹配追踪算法。该算法首先利用一种基于原子匹配测试的方法得到信号稀疏度的初始估计,然后在稀疏度自适应匹配追踪(SAMP)框架下采用变步长分阶段思想实现稀疏度的逼近,在初始阶段利用大步长实现稀疏度的快速粗接近,以提高收敛速度,在随后的迭代中逐渐减小步长,实现稀疏度的精逼近,最终实现信号的精确重构。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法在一定程度上解决了SAMP算法在大稀疏度条件下运算量较大以及固定步长导致的欠估计和过估计问题,较好地实现了未知稀疏度信号的精确重建,并且重建性能和重建效率均优于现有的同类算法。      

基于快速不动点连续的压缩感知重构算法

不动点连续(FPC)算法是一种凸优化算法,针对该算法收敛速度较慢的现象,提出了一种快速的不动点连续(FFPC)算法,算法引入线性搜索步长,选择合理的步长参数,利用前两次迭代结果的特殊线性组合值作为下次迭代的初始值,提高每次迭代的精度,从而加快收敛速度.FFPC算法的收敛性在实验中得到了验证,同时,仿真实验表明,FFPC算法的收敛速度有所提高,重构质量也比其他算法更好.     

基于变步长的正则化回溯自适应追踪算法

在压缩感知重构算法中,稀疏度未知及步长大小固定是影响算法精度及运行时间的因素.针对以上不足,本文提出一种基于变步长的正则化回溯自适应追踪算法.该算法首先通过原子匹配测试的方式获得信号的稀疏度估计;将正则化思想和子空间追踪算法的回溯思想相结合,实现原子的二次筛选并筛除不合适的原子;最后,利用变化的步长选择候选集中的原子,帮助完成信号的完整重构.通过仿真实验证明,本文提出的重构算法在重构速度和重构精度上均优于同类算法.     

基于BFGS拟牛顿法的压缩感知SL0重构算法

平滑l₀范数(SL0)算法是一种基于近似l₀范数的压缩感知信号重构算法,采用最速下降法和梯度投影原理,通过选择一个递减序列来逐步逼近最优解,具有匹配度高、计算量低、不需要已知信号稀疏度等优点。但是,其迭代方向为负梯度方向,使得在迭代过程中产生“锯齿现象”,导致在最优解附近收敛速度较慢。牛顿法具有较快的收敛速度,但是对初值的要求较高,并且需要计算Hesse矩阵。拟牛顿法则克服了这个缺点,利用BFGS公式计算Hesse矩阵的近似矩阵,只需要计算1阶导数信息。该文在SL0算法的基础上,结合BFGS拟牛顿法,提出一种改进的压缩感知信号重构算法。首先采用最速下降法迭代得到信号的某个估计值,然后将此估计值作为拟牛顿法的初值继续迭代,直至得到最优解。计算机仿真结果表明,在相同的条件下,该算法在重构精度、峰值信噪比和重建匹配度等方面均有较大提高。     

1-Bit压缩感知盲重构算法

1-Bit压缩感知(CS)是压缩感知理论的一个重要分支。该领域中二进制迭代硬阈值(BIHT)算法重构精度高且一致性好,是一种有效的重构算法。该文针对BIHT算法重构过程需要信号稀疏度为先验信息的问题,提出一种稀疏度自适应二进制迭代硬阈值算法,简称为SABIHT算法。该算法修正了BIHT算法,首先通过自适应过程自动调节硬阈值参数,然后利用测试条件估计信号的稀疏度,最终实现不需要确切信号稀疏度的1-Bit压缩感知盲重构。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法较好地实现了未知信号稀疏度的精确重建,并且与BIHT算法相比重构精度及算法复杂度均相当。     

二维稀疏信号的联合压缩感知方法研究

传统的压缩感知理论主要考虑一维稀疏信号的感知和重构。当待处理信号是二维(2 dimension, 2D)或多维时,若直接将信号向量化处理,会造成感知矩阵维度急剧变大,使得存储和后续的重构复杂度大大增加,同时重构性能下降。为实现对2D信号的高效感知和快速重构,本文首先构建一个针对2D信号的模拟信息转换(Analog-to-Information Conversion, AIC)感知框架,通过行、列同时感知的策略实现量测值获取,以达到降低量测值存储维度的目的;其次针对压缩采样后的量测数据,提出一种2D快速迭代收缩阈值算法(2D Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm, 2D-FISTA),并对该算法的基本迭代格式、收敛条件、参数选择以及算法收敛速度等问题进行了详细分析。仿真结果表明,所研究的算法可直接处理2D信号,具有重构速度快和存储量低等优势。      

一种稳定的变步长块LMS自适应算法

针对LMS自适应滤波算法在输入信号高度相关时.收敛速度下降导致性能下降,本文从基本的块LMS算法开始,简要介绍了块LMS算法的实现方法,在此基础上重点分析了在变步长块LMS算法中,影响步长因子的要素.提出了一种新的变步长因子迭代算法(SVBLMS),该迭代算法充分考虑输入信号和误差信号对变步长因子的影响.并且迭代的结构简单,计算量小.通过Matlab仿真.仿真结果表明.该迭代算法较其它块LMS算法有更快的收敛速度,更稳定的收敛过程.当输入为有色信号或输入噪声较大时,本算法都能保持良好的性能.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.