基于RCS静态宽带数据的雷达目标成像算法

利用宽带雷达目标电磁散射特性数据可以实现雷达目标的一维距离像,在二维像实现过程中,传统做法需要利用雷达目标电磁回波的多普勒频率以实现雷达目标的方位像.探讨了基于宽带雷达散射截面(RCS)静态数据(没有多普勒频率)的二维成像算法,突破了传统需要多普勒频移数据才能实现二维雷达像的限制.最后探讨了调整成像算法若干参数的不同成...     

基于散射中心模型的雷达目标成像研究

雷达目标数据是验证和评估各种算法的基础,数据仿真由于不受条件和环境制约,是获取数据的重要途径,开展数据仿真研究具有重要的现实意义。研究了一种基于多散射中心模型的目标成像方法,仿真获得了坦克目标的一维距离像和二维SAR像,针对传统成像方法分辨率低的问题,将基于最小二乘—旋转不变技术的参数估计技术应用于雷达目标一、二维成像中,大大改善了雷达图像的分辨率和成像质量。     

基于逆Radon变换的微动目标重构研究

目标微动对雷达回波的调制效应包括微多普勒调制、高分辨像调制和RCS调制等。根据单频和线性调频信号下典型微动目标的电磁回波模型,分析了微动在单频回波和高分辨距离像上的调制特性,在研究了微动目标的微多普勒时频图以及距离像-时间序列图的调制规律后,提出了基于逆Radon变换重构微动目标二维强散射中心分布的方法,对于微动目标利用回波高分辨距离像序列和时频分布图实现了目标二维重构,通过对仿真实验和暗室测量数据实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

宽带雷达回波的高频电磁散射快速算法

提出一种将射弹跳射线法和等效边缘电磁流法与线性调频信号雷达信号处理过程相结合的高频电磁散射算法,该算法能够快速准确计算复杂电大尺寸目标的大时宽带宽雷达回波信号.利用宽带雷达回波计算结果,获得了目标的一维距离像和二维ISAR成像,验证了方法的正确性.     

基于微动特征关联的空间自旋目标宽带雷达三维成像

自旋目标3维成像对于空间目标识别具有重要意义。为了解决单基雷达中无法获取自旋目标真实3维结构特征的问题,该文提出一种基于微动特征关联的自旋目标宽带雷达3维成像方法。通过利用多部雷达获取目标在不同视角下的回波信号,基于目标自旋时各散射中心的微多普勒信息特征实现不同雷达回波数据的多散射中心关联,获得了能够反映自旋目标真实尺寸的3维像。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

基于RID序列的微动目标高分辨三维成像方法

微动是指目标或目标上某些部件沿雷达视线方向的小幅、非匀速运动。通过对微动目标进行逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)高分辨3维成像,能够获得其结构和运动信息,从而为微动目标检测、跟踪、分类与识别提供重要依据,并在空间态势感知与防空反导中发挥着重要作用。由于微动目标运动形式复杂、回波非平稳性强,现有的参数化ISAR成像方法已经不再适用。针对该问题,该文提出基于散射中心航迹矩阵分解的微动目标高分辨3维成像方法。该方法首先生成距离-瞬时多普勒(RID)像序列,利用watershed图像分割方法提取RID像的散射中心支撑域,并基于最小欧氏距离准则实现航迹关联。然后,针对散射中心航迹关联时瞬时斜距估计精度受距离分辨率影响等问题,进一步提出基于现代谱估计的散射中心航迹矩阵精估计方法。最后,通过带约束的航迹矩阵分解实现微动目标的高分辨3维成像。仿真结果表明,该文所提的成像方法能够有效实现章动等复杂微动目标的高分辨3维成像。      

基于二维小波变换的激光成像雷达目标识别算法

提出了基于二维小波变换的激光成像雷达目标识别算法,首先对激光成像雷达目标的距离像进行二维小波变换;然后从近似分量和细节分量中提取奇异值特征,利用遗传算法对支持向量机参数进行智能优化;最后应用支持向量机对三种地面目标进行识别.仿真实验表明,该方法与直接应用距离像奇异值特征进行识别的方法相比,在高载噪比20dB时的平均识别...     

基于单频信号的662 GHz多普勒雷达层析成像

首先介绍了多普勒雷达层析成像的原理及该成像方法的极限分辨率理论推导,并通过仿真获得了单频信号的点目标扩展函数(PSF),验证了该成像方法在单频条件下的理论极限分辨率为波长的四分之一.然后,介绍了中物院构建的662GHz单频雷达系统,并针对该实验系统设计了基于卷积反投影的多普勒雷达层析成像算法.最后,通过实验在太赫兹频段验证了多普勒雷达层析成像的有效性,并利用测量获得的360°全姿态回波信号数据给出了分辨率优于1 cm的成像结果.     

一种高分辨力雷达扩展目标模拟系统设计与实现

针对高分辨力雷达扩展目标回波模拟，文中设计并实现了一种高分辨力雷达扩展目标模拟系统。建立了一维距离像目标、二维面目标、三维体目标的目标回波模型，结合宽带射频接收机技术、大瞬时带宽基带回波信号产生技术、目标RCS(Radar Cross Section)数据获取与调制技术以及宽带捷变频率合成器等关键技术完成了高分辨力雷达扩展目标模拟系统的设计与实现。使用该系统对某典型战斗机目标进行了射频仿真和二维成像处理，并将射频仿真和二维成像处理结果与使用RadBase仿真软件对该典型战斗机目标的仿真结果进行对比，验证了该系统的有效性。验证结果表明，该系统的射频仿真二维成像处理结果和RadBase仿真软件的仿真结果基本一致。     

条纹管激光成像雷达水下探测成像研究进展

条纹管激光成像雷达是一种新型的闪光式激光雷达,具有大视场、高分辨率及高探测灵敏度等特性.可直接给出目标的四维像(三维几何距离像+一维强度像),是目前激光水下三维成像的主要技术之一.自主研制了一套单狭缝条纹管激光成像雷达,可实现对远距离目标成像和系统集成.在水质较浑浊的黄海海域,利用此雷迭首先完成了若干水下目标探测实验,获得不同深度及不同表面材质的目标条纹像,最大探测深度为5 m;其次完成了海表面波成像实验,获得重构后的海表面波四维像,可清晰辨别海面粗糙度及波高变化.实验结果表明:条纹管激光成像雷达在水下探测、避障及海洋波谱分析等方面有较好的应用前景.     

Three-dimensional interferometric ISAR imaging for targetscattering diagnosis and modeling

Two-dimensional (2-D) inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging has been widely used in target scattering diagnosis, modeling and target identification. A major shortcoming is that a 2-D ISAR image cannot provide information on the relative altitude of each scattering center on the target. In this paper, we present an interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (IF-ISAR) image processing technique for three-dimensional (3-D) target altitude image formation. The 2-D ISAR images are obtained from the signature data acquired as a function of frequency and azimuthal angle. A 3-D IF-ISAR altitude image can then be derived from two 2-D images reconstructed from the measurements by antennas at different altitudes. 3-D altitude image formation examples from both indoor and outdoor test range data are demonstrated on complex radar targets.     

Data-Level Fusion of Multilook Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

Although techniques for resolution enhancement in single-aspect radar imaging have made rapid progress in recent years, it does not necessarily imply that such enhanced images will improve target identification or recognition. However, when multiple looks of the same target from different aspects are obtained, the available knowledge increases, allowing more useful target information to be extracted. Physics-based image fusion techniques can be developed by processing the raw data collected from multiple inverse synthetic aperture radar sensors, even if these individual images are at different resolutions. We derive an appropriate data fusion rule to generate a composite image containing enhanced target shape characteristics for improved target recognition. The rule maps multiple data sets collected by multiple radars with different system parameters on to the same spatial-frequency space. The composite image can be reconstructed using the inverse 2-D Fourier transform over the separated multiple integration areas. An algorithm called the Matrix Fourier Transform is proposed to realize such a complicated integral. This algorithm can be regarded as an exact interpolation such that there is no information loss caused by data fusion. The rotation centers need to be carefully selected to properly register the multiple images before performing the fusion. A comparison of the image attribute rating curve between the fused image and the spatially averaged images quantifies the improvement in the detected target features. The technique shows considerable improvement over a simple spatial averaging algorithm and thereby enhances target recognition.     

对宽带高分辨成像雷达的转发式干扰方法

针对宽带成像雷达的工作方式和特点，提出了一种采用DRFM对宽带高分辨成像雷达的新干扰方法。首先推导了DRFM转发信号的数学模型，阐述了宽带雷达一维成像的基本原理。在此基础上提出了一种采用移频调制对宽带雷达一维成像进行转发式干扰的方法。该方法不但能有效地破坏雷达对真目标的一维成像，并可形成虚假目标一维像。通过仿真并结合实测数据，对该方法进行了验证，结果表明了这种方法的可行性。该方法可对一维和二维成像雷达进行干扰。     

High-resolution radar imaging using 2-D linear prediction

An algorithm for radar imaging is described. The algorithm is based on two-dimensional (2-D) linear prediction of 2-D Cartesian frequency spectra. It is shown that the algorithm provides much better resolution than the ISAR image obtained using a 2-D inverse Fourier transform. The algorithm is especially useful for imaging targets using small-bandwidth RCS data over limited aspect angle regions     

ISAR imaging for three-dimensional rotation targets based on adaptive Chirplet decomposition

In this paper, a new algorithm of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging for three-dimensional (3-D) rotation targets is presented. The characteristic of the received signal when the target has 3-D rotation is studied, and it is approximated as multi-component amplitude modulated and frequency modulated (AM–FM) signal. Then a new algorithm for the adaptive Chirplet decomposition is presented to analyze the AM–FM signal, and the high quality instantaneous ISAR images are obtained based on the Range-Instantaneous-Doppler (RID) algorithm. The results of simulated and real data demonstrate the effectiveness of the method proposed.     

0.33 THz雷达三维近场成像系统设计及成像试验

提出了采用步进频率结合平面扫描的THz雷达近场成像系统设计方案,基于宽带全息成像原理,可以实现三维高分辨率近场成像。采用多通道收发探头阵列缩短机械扫描行程,提高成像速度。给出了基于快速傅里叶变换（Fast Fourier Transform,FFT）和Stolt插值的三维图像重建算法,成像理论分辨率与波长相当。利用THz矢量网络分析仪和辅助设备,搭建了0.215~0.33 THz成像试验装置,完成了对多层金属-泡沫目标三维成像,成像分辨率达到预期水平,验证了系统设计和三维图像重建算法的正确性。     

Experimental 0.22 THz Stepped Frequency Radar System for ISAR Imaging

High resolution inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging is demonstrated by using a 0.22 THz stepped-frequency (SF) imaging radar system. The synthesis bandwidth of the terahertz (THz) SF radar is 12 GHz, which are beneficial for high resolution imaging. The resolution of ISAR image can reach centimeter-scale with the use of Range-Doppler algorithm (RDA). Results indicate that high resolution ISAR imaging is realized by using 0.22THz SF radar coupled with turntable scanning, which can provide foundations for further research on high-resolution radar image in the THz band.     

3-D radar imaging using range migration techniques

An imaging system with three-dimensional (3-D) capability can be implemented by using a stepped frequency radar which synthesizes a two-dimensional (2-D) planar aperture. A 3-D image can be formed by coherently integrating the backscatter data over the measured frequency band and the two spatial coordinates of the 2-D synthetic aperture. This paper presents a near-field 3-D synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging algorithm. This algorithm is an extension of the 2-D range migration algorithm (RMA). The presented formulation is justified by using the method of the stationary phase (MSP). Implementation aspects including the sampling criteria, resolutions, and computational complexity are assessed. The high computational efficiency and accurate image reconstruction of the algorithm are demonstrated both with numerical simulations and measurements using an outdoor linear SAR system     

基于二维微波成像的共形天线RCS提取方法

二维微波成像技术是一种有效诊断雷达目标散射点强度和空间分布的手段。机载共形天线因与机体表面成为一体,常规测试手段难以确定其RCS贡献。基于二维微波成像技术,分离和提取出了装机状态下共形天线的反射率分布,通过二维空间像与二维空间谱之间的波谱变换获得了共形天线的二维空间谱信息,经过直角坐标域至极坐标域的插值获得了对应频率和角度的散射信息,再对定标球进行同样的处理,最终标定出共形天线的RCS贡献。实验结果表明了该技术的有效性。     

太赫兹双频雷达目标微动特征提取仿真

基于双频太赫兹回旋管设计了双频太赫兹雷达,针对振动、转动、翻滚运动目标建立了包含微多普勒信息的目标回波模型,采用时频分析方法开展了微动特征仿真计算.通过仿真结果可以看出,0.11 THz雷达和0.22 THz雷达对于振动、旋转、翻滚的微动特征都有厘米级的探测能力.在较强噪声条件下,通过自功率谱时频分析,可以抑制噪声,提...