Synthesis and characterization of blue-emitting Ir(III) complexes with multi-functional ancillary ligands for solution-processed phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes

A series of Ir(III) complexes, (dfpmpy)₂Ir(pic), (dfpmpy)₂Ir(EO₂-pic), (dfpmpy)₂Ir(pic-N-O), and (dfpmpy)₂Ir(EO₂-pic-N-O), containing 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-methylpyridine (dfpmpy) based main ligand with varying ancillary ligands such as picolinic acid (pic), 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)picolinic acid (EO₂-pic), picolinic acid N-oxide (pic-N-O), and 4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)picolinic acid N-oxide (EO₂-pic-N-O), respectively were successfully synthesized for highly efficient blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent (EL) properties were systematically correlated. The solubilizing 2-ethoxyethanol (EO₂-) group was attached to the ancillary ligand through tandem reaction. All of the Ir(III) complexes show high thermal stability and good photoluminescence quantum yields (Ф_pl) in film state. Solution-processed PhOLEDs were fabricated using these Ir(III) complexes as dopants and achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.9% and current efficiency of 21.15 cd/A for (dfpmpy)₂Ir(EO₂-pic). All the Ir(III) complexes emitted blue light with color purity at the Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.31).     

Synthesis and Characterization of Red‐Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes for Solution‐Processable Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

A new series of highly efficient red‐emitting phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes, (Et‐CVz‐PhQ)₂Ir(pic‐N‐O), (Et‐CVz‐PhQ)₂Ir(pic), (Et‐CVz‐PhQ)₂Ir(acac), (EO‐CVz‐PhQ)₂Ir(pic‐N‐O), (EO‐CVz‐PhQ)₂Ir(pic), and (EO‐CVz‐PhQ)₂Ir(acac), based on carbazole (CVz)‐phenylquinoline (PhQ) main ligands and picolinic acid N‐oxide (pic‐N‐O), picolinic acid (pic), and acetylacetone (acac) ancillary ligands, are synthesized for phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), and their photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent (EL) properties are investigated. All of the Ir(III) complexes have high thermal stability and emit an intense red light with an excellent color purity at CIE coordinates of (0.65,0.34). Remarkably, high‐performance solution‐processable PhOLEDs were fabricated using Ir(III) complexes with a pic‐N‐O ancillary ligand with a maximum external quantum efficiency (5.53%) and luminance efficiency (8.89 cd A^?1). The novel use of pic‐N‐O ancillary ligand in the synthesis of phosphorescent materials is reported. The performance of PhOLEDs using these Ir(III) complexes correlates well with the results of density functional theory calculations.     

Landmark matching via large deformation diffeomorphisms

This paper describes the generation of large deformation diffeomorphisms phi:Omega=[0,1](3)right harpoon over left harpoonOmega for landmark matching generated as solutions to the transport equation dphi(x,t)/dt=nu(phi(x,t),t),tin[0,1] and phi(x,0)=x, with the image map defined as phi(.,1) and therefore controlled via the velocity field nu(.,t),tin[0,1]. Imagery are assumed characterized via sets of landmarks {x(n), y(n), n=1, 2, ..., N}. The optimal diffeomorphic match is constructed to minimize a running smoothness cost parallelLnu parallel(2) associated with a linear differential operator L on the velocity field generating the diffeomorphism while simultaneously minimizing the matching end point condition of the landmarks. Both inexact and exact landmark matching is studied here. Given noisy landmarks x(n) matched to y(n ) measured with error covariances Sigma(n), then the matching problem is solved generating the optimal diffeomorphism phi;(x,1)=integral(0)(1 )nu;(phi;(x,t),t)dt+x where nu;(.)argmin(nu(.))integral(1) (1)integral(Omega) parallelLnu(x,t) parallel(2)dxdt +Sigma(n=1)(N)[y(n)-phi(x(n),1)] (T)Sigma(n)(-1)[y(n)-phi(x(n ),1)]. Conditions for the existence of solutions in the space of diffeomorphisms are established, with a gradient algorithm provided for generating the optimal flow solving the minimum problem. Results on matching two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) imagery are presented in the macaque monkey.     

Surface active buffered hydrogen fluoride having excellentwettability for ULSI processing

By incorporating selected hydrocarbon surfactants, a surface-active BHF (buffered hydrogen fluoride) has been tailored to achieve the following requirements: (1) the same etch rate as that of conventional BHF; (2) low contact angle; (3) nonsegregation; (4) nonfoaming; (5) low particulate count; (6) few impurities (possibility of purification); (7) low particulate adhesion on the wafer surface; (8) no surface residues; (9) excellent surface smoothness; and (10) high SiO ₂/Si etching selectivity. In order to satisfy these requirements, surfactants must satisfy the following characteristics: (1) good solubility in BHF; (2) hydrophilic property at the wafer surface, (3) nondecomposition in BHF; (4) nonreaction with BHF; and (5) sufficient lowering of contact angle at the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Aliphatic amines satisfy these requirements but have foaming problems. The requirements have been achieved using a binary surfactant system consisting of a combination of aliphatic amine and aliphatic alcohol or aliphatic acid     

无氧溅射方法制备OLED的ITO透明电极

采用氧化铟锡(ITO)合金材料作为靶材,通过射频磁控溅射制备ITO膜.将获得的ITO膜应用于结构为ITO/m-MTDATA(30 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/Alq3(50 nm)LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(100 nm)的有机电致发光器件(OLED),得到了最大亮度为11560 cd/m2(电压为25V)、最大效率为2.52 cd/A(电压为14 V)的结果.为了获得双面发光,制作了结构为ITO/m-MTDATA(30 nm)/NPB(20 nm)/Alq3(50 nm)LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(20 nm)/ITO(50 nm)的器件,其阳极出光的最大亮度为14460 cd/m2(电压为18V)、最大效率为2.16 cd/A(电压为12V),阴极出光的最大亮度为1 263 cd/m2(电压为19 V)、最大效率为0.26 cd/A(电压为16V).     

Na补偿的(Na,Bi)TiO3-Ba (Zr,Ti)O3无铅压电陶瓷

研究了(1-y)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-yBa(ZrxTi1-x)O3无铅压电陶瓷,获得压电应变常数d33高达185 pC/N的0.94(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.06Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3压电陶瓷。添加0.04%摩尔过量Na2CO3的0.94(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.06Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3高性能压电陶瓷d33高达195 pC/N。研究发现添加Na2CO3添加量至0.04%摩尔,Na起到软性添加物的作用,添加量超过0.04%,Na起到硬性添加物的作用.理论解释了过量Na的这一特性.为了降低介电损耗,对0.94(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.06 Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3陶瓷进行了(Ce,Mn)掺杂改性研究。     

基于MCzHQZn的有机电致发光器件

通过结构为ITO/2T-NATA(20nm/NPBx(20nm)/MCzHQZn(30nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al、ITO/2T-NATA(30nm/MCzHQZn(30nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al和ITO/2T-NATA(20nm/MCzHQZn(30nm)/NPBx(16nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq3(25nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al的3组有机电致发光器件(OLED),证明了MCzHQZn既具有空穴传输特性,又具有较好的发光特性。MCzHQZn在器件1中作发光层,器件最大亮度在电压16V时达到3692cd/m2,电压13V时的最大效率为0.90cd/A,发光的峰值波长为564nm;MCzHQZn在器件2中既作发光层又作空穴传输层,器件最大亮度在电压为13V时达到1929cd/m2,电压12V时的最大效率为0.57cd/A,发光的峰值波长也为564nm;MCzHQZn在器件3中作空穴传输层,由NPBx作发光层,器件最大亮度在电压为14V时达到3556cd/m2,电压9V时的最大效率为1.08cd/A,发光的峰值波长为444nm。     

CIGS薄膜(InGa)2Se3-富Cu-富In(Ga)的演变

采用三步共蒸发工艺顺序沉积铜铟镓硒(CuInGaSe2,CIGS)薄膜.薄膜的厚度、组份、晶相结构分别由台阶仪、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)来表征.在(In,Ga)2Se3预制层-富Cu相的演变过程中,依次发生以下相变:Cu(In,Ga)5Se8、Cu(In,Ga)3Se5、Cu2(In,Ga)4Se7(或Cu(In,Ga)2Se3.5)、Cu(In,Ga)Se2(液相CuxSe).在富Cu相-富In(Ga)相的演变过程中,依次发生以下相变:Cu(In,Ga)Se2(液相CuxSe)、Cu2(In,Ga)4Se7(或Cu(In,Ga)2Se3.5)、Cu(In,Ga)3Se5、Cu(In,Ga)5Se8.对这两个演变过程中薄膜的生长机理和结构特性进行了讨论.     

The maximal downstroke of epicardial potentials as an index of electrical activity in mouse hearts

The maximal upstroke of transmembrane voltage (dV(m)/dt(max)) has been used as an indirect measure of sodium current I(Na) upon activation in cardiac myocytes. However, sodium influx generates not only the upstroke of V(m), but also the downstroke of the extracellular potentials V(e) including epicardial surface potentials V(es). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of the maximal downstroke of V(es) (|dV(es)/dt (min)|) as a global index of electrical activation, based on the relationship of dV(m)/dt(max) to I(Na). To fulfill this purpose, we examined |dV(es)/dt(min)| experimentally using isolated perfused mouse hearts and computationally using a 3-D cardiac tissue bidomain model. In experimental studies, a custom-made cylindrical "cage" array with 64 electrodes was slipped over mouse hearts to measure V(es) during hyperkalemia, ischemia, and hypoxia, which are conditions that decrease I(Na). Values of |dV(es)/dt(min)| from each electrode were normalized (|dV(es)/dt (min)|(n)) and averaged (|dV(es)/dt(min)|(na)). Results showed that |dV(es)/dt(min)|(na) decreased during hyperkalemia by 28, 59, and 79% at 8, 10, and 12?mM [K(+)](o), respectively. |dV(es)/dt(min)| also decreased by 54 and 84% 20 min after the onset of ischemia and hypoxia, respectively. In computational studies, |dV(es)/dt(min)| was compared to dV(m)/dt(max) at different levels of the maximum sodium conductance G(Na), extracellular potassium ion concentration [K(+)](o), and intracellular sodium ion concentration [Na(+)](i), which all influence levels of I(Na). Changes in |dV(es)/dt(min)|(n) were similar to dV(m)/dt (max) during alterations of G(Na), [K(+)](o), and [Na(+)](i). Our results demonstrate that |dV(es)/dt(min)|(na) is a robust global index of electrical activation for use in mouse hearts and, similar to dV(m)/dt(max), can be used to probe electrophysiological alterations reliably. The index can be readily measured and evaluated, which makes it attractive for characterization of, for instance, genetically modified mouse hearts and drug effects on cardiac tissue.     

非对称多模量子叠加态光场的等幂高次和压缩

根据量子力学中的态叠加原理,构造了由多模复共轭相干态|{zj(a)*}>q和多模复共轭相干态|{zj(b)*}>q的相反态|{-zj(b)*}>q的线性叠加所组成的非对称两态叠加多模量子叠加态光场|ψ(2)>q,利用多模压缩态理论研究了态|ψ1f(2)>q的等幂高次和压缩特性,结果表明: 1)当Rj(a)=Rj(b)和ψj(a)-ψj(b)=±(2k 1)π(k=0,1,2,3……),态|ψ1f(2)>q的两个正交相位分量均处于N-H最小测不准态的结果;2)当Rj(a)=Rj(b)=Rj和ψj(a)=ψj(b)=ψj,ψ态|1f(2)>q的等幂高次和压缩与文献3的结果相似; 3)当Rj(a)≠Rj(b)=Rj和ψj(a)=ψj(b)=ψj,且和满足一定条件时,无论qN为奇数还是偶数,态|ψ1f(2)>q的两个正交相位分量均可分别呈现周期性变化的等幂高次和压缩效应,但qN为奇数时的压缩深度大于qN为偶数时的压缩深度。     

Maximum likelihood estimation of parameters of several continuous and discrete failure distributions

A comprehensive quantitative treatment is presented for maximum-likelihood estimation of parameters of the following continuous and discrete failure distributions: (1) Exponential, (2) Gamma, (3) Weibull, (4) Normal, (5) Lognormal, (6) Extreme value, (7) Poisson, (8) Binomial and (9) Geometric.     

一种光通信中基于LDPC码的新颖级联码

基于SCG(4,k)码的构造方法对SCG-LDPC码进行优化改进,构造一种适用于光通信系统的新颖LDPC(3969,3720)码,通过增大其码长,构造码率为95.1%的新颖SCG-LDPC(6561,6240)码,使其码率更符合光通信系统的高码率要求。并用SCG-LDPC(6561,6240)码与码率为94.5%的BCH(127,120)码进行级联,构造出一种新颖的BCH(127,120)+LDPC(6561,6240)级联码。仿真分析表明:在误码率为10-7时,新构造的BCH(127,120)+LDPC(6561,6240)级联码的净编码增益比已广泛应用于光通信系统的经典RS(255,239)码和SCG-LDPC(6561,6240)码分别提高了2.27dB和0.49dB。因而该级联码更适合于光通信系统。     

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study of Ca(3)Co(4)O(9)

The crystal structure of Ca(3)Co(4)O(9) was investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and the image-simulation method. The c(*) was 10.8A and the b parameters were 4.56A for the Ca(2)CoO(3) block and 2.82A for the CoO(2) sheet. The [110] zone axis HRTEM images confirmed that Ca(3)Co(4)O(9) has a modulated layered structure with modulation. For the first time, the atomic positions of the Ca and Co atoms in the Ca(2)CoO(3) block were identified, corresponding to three rows of dark spots in the [110] direction. The observed HRTEM images for Ca(2)CoO(3) agreed well with the calculated images based on the structural model obtained by the Rietveld refinement method.     

基于FHQZn发光的色度稳定的有机白光器件

研究了一种新型发光材料(E)-2-(2-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)vinyl)quinolato-Zinc的发光性能,利用它的空穴传输和发光特性制备了有机白光器件,器件的结构为:ITO/2T-NATA(15nm)/FHQZn(38nm)/NPB(25nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al,其中,(E)-2-(2-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)vinyl)quinoato-Zinc(FHQZn)作为空穴传输层和黄橙色发射层,N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine(NPBX)作为蓝光发射层。器件最大的电流效率为1.68cd/A(at7V),最大的亮度为4624cd/m2(at12V),此时色坐标为(0.28,0.25)。器件的色坐标由7V(66.83cd/m2)时的(0.27,0.29)到12V(4624cd/m2)时的(0.28,0.25)几乎不变,是一个基于新型材料的色度较稳定的有机白光器件。     

Ca3(BO3)2的振动光谱分析

分别利用因子群对称分析法和位置群对称分析法对Ca₃(BO₃)₂晶体的振动模式进行了理论分析。Ca₃(BO₃)₂的晶格振动模式分为外振动和内振动模式,外振动模式为:3A_1g+4A_2g+7E_g+3A_1u+3A_2u+6E_u,内振动模式为：2A_1g+2A_2g+4E_g+2A_1u+2A_2u+4E_u。Ca₃(BO₃)₂晶体在布里渊区中心Γ点晶格振动的对称性分类为：5A_1g+6A_2g+11E_g+5A_1u+6A_2u+11E_u,其中声学模为：A_2u+E_u,拉曼活性光学模为5A_1g+11E_g,红外活性光学模为：5A_2u+10E_u,其余为非拉曼、非红外活性光学振动模。用高温固相法成功合成了Ca₃(BO₃)₂粉末,测量了它的室温Raman光谱,并利用群论分析的结果对谱图进行了讨论,指认了BO₃^3-基团的特征振动频率。     

有机近场存储材料的合成及其应用

研究近场存储材料二芳基乙烯类化合物1，2-双(2-甲基-5-(4-(2-(1，3-二氧戊环基))苯基)噻吩-3-基)全氟环戊烯(1a)和1，2-双(2-甲基-5-(4-醛基苯基)噻吩-3-基)全氟环戊烯(1a′)的合成、表征。将这两种二芳基乙烯类化合物分别与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)掺杂，并采用旋转涂膜的方法制备膜片，采用固体浸没透镜(SIL)进行近场存储，在有机小分子上存储并记录了小于1μm的斑点。     

OFDM系统中采用自适应天线阵列的下行分组调度算法研究和性能比较

基于OFDM下行系统,提出并比较了自适应天线阵列和分组调度算法结合的三种方式:(1)分组调度选择用户,自适应天线服务用户;(2)自适应天线参与选择用户,并且服务用户;(3)空分方式选择用户,自适应天线服务用户.仿真结果显示自适应天线阵列可以明显提高小区吞吐率等指标,并且(2)和(3)的性能优于(1).     

南京重工业园区周边区域地表灰尘重金属污染调查研究

针对 2020 年 9 月至 2020 年 10 月在南京钢铁集团外采集的 25 个地表灰尘样品, 使用手持式 X 射线荧光光 谱仪 (XRF) 分析其中 Cr、 Mn、 Fe、 Cu、 Zn、 Hg、 Pb、 Sr、 Zr、 Mo 这 10 种重金属元素含量, 运用统计学方法、单 因子指数、地累积指数对研究区土壤重金属污染程度进行评价, 并采用正定矩阵因子分解模型解析了重金属污染源。 结果表明, 地表灰尘重金属平均含量为: Cr (260±14 mg·kg−1)、 Mn (1550±22 mg·kg−1)、 Fe (165000±1000 mg·kg−1)、 Cu (67±9 mg·kg−1)、 Zn (600±13 mg·kg−1)、 Hg (16±6 mg·kg−1)、 Pb (102±7 mg·kg−1)、 Sr (275±10 mg·kg−1)、 Zr (302±5 mg·kg−1)、 Mo (13±3 mg·kg−1), 地累积指数平均值为 2.13, 区域整体呈中度污染, 其中 Hg 为严重污染, Mo 为重污染, Zn 为中度污染, Cr、 Fe、 Pb 为偏中污染, Mn、 Cu、 Sr 为轻度污染, Zr 无污染。研究区西北部及北部为重金属含量高 值区, 地表灰尘中重金属有较多富集。源解析分析表明研究区内地表灰尘重金属有 3 个主要来源: 一是工业排放源, 二是自然源及生活源, 三是机动车排放源。其中工业排放源为主要来源, 对重金属的贡献率为 49.3%; 其次为自然源及 生活源和机动车排放源, 贡献率分别为 30.7% 和 20.0%。     

离散系统差分方程的求解问题

讨论了差分方程经典解法的有关问题。对于可以用差分方程．y(k) an-1y(k-1) an-2y(k-2) … a0y(k-n)=f(k)(f(k)为因果信号)描述的离散因果系统直接用初始状态(即y(-1),y(-2),…,y(-n))来确定完全响应中齐次解的待定常数,而不必导出初始值(即y(0),y(1),…,y(n-1))。     

不同物相二氧化钒间的相互转化及其相变性能研究

利用乙醇还原[VO(O2)2]-配合离子可以成功制备出VO2(B)纳米带;考察了VO2(B)在煅烧和水热条件下转化其它物相VO2的条件.结果表明,在惰性氛围中,VO2(B)在700℃的条件下煅烧2 h可以转化为VO2(M);在水热条件下,如果体系中无掺杂剂,VO2(B)可以转化成VO2(A);如果体系中存在掺杂剂(如钼酸),则VO2(B)转化为掺杂的VO2(M).在一步水热法制备VO2(M)过程中,选择掺杂剂是至关重要的,掺杂剂有利于形成掺杂VO2(M),使VO2(M)在水热条件下能够稳定存在.VO2(A)在惰性氛围中煅烧,发现VO2(A)也可以转化为VO2(M).不同物相VO2具有均一的带状形貌,初步探讨了VO2之间的转化机理.VO2(A)的相变温度为162.4℃;Mo掺杂VO2(M)的相变温度为53.7℃,说明掺杂Mo原子可以有效降低VO2(M)的相变温度,也表明Mo原子可以有效地进入VO2(M)晶格中.