W波段阶梯型交错双栅慢波结构行波管的研究

为了提高传统交错双栅慢波结构行波管的性能,提出了一种阶梯型交错双栅慢波结构,并基于此新型慢波结构,提出了新型输入输出耦合结构.在此基础上,设计了一只工作在W波段的带状电子注阶梯型交错双栅慢波结构行波管.计算结果显示,阶梯型交错双栅慢波结构行波管的耦合阻抗更高,从而使行波管在更短的互作用电路长度里,实现更高的饱和增益和互作用效率.在90～100GHz频率范围内,阶梯型交错双栅慢波结构的耦合阻抗大于4Ω,高于传统交错双栅慢波结构;W波段带状电子注行波管高频结构的反射系数(S11)小于-15dB;并且行波管的饱和输入功率仅约为0.7W,可以实现最高输出功率约800W,相应的效率大于7.8%,增益大于30.6dB.     

Ku波段150W空间行波管的设计和研制

本文介绍了中科院电子所Ku波段150 W连续波空间行波管的设计、模拟和测试结果。该行波管采用双阳极电子枪、螺旋线跳渐变慢波结构、非轴对称四级降压收集极、辐冷型散热器。动态通过率在98.5%以上,在12.25~12.75 GHz范围内输出功率大于154 W,效率大于62%,增益大于51.8 dB,饱和点非线性相移小于46.65°,AM/PM变换系数小于4.31°/dB。环境试验结果表明行波管结构设计符合卫星力学环境条件,热设计符合空间环境试验条件。     

Ka波段宽带螺旋线行波管研制

主要针对Ka波段宽带高功率螺旋线行波管慢波结构进行了优化设计,旨在提高行波管输出功率和效率,并对返波振荡特性进行了仿真分析。行波管测试结果表明,在工作频段26.5～40 GHz,连续波输出功率大于200 W,总效率超过41%,增益大于31.5 dB。该管可作为Ka波段大功率毫米波功率放大器,应用于各类军事和民用电子系统中。     

W 波段行波管的高效率方法

将相速再同步技术引入基于双排矩形梳状慢波结构的W波段行波管中,利用CST 计算了所需不同周期的慢波结 构的色散和偶合阻抗,在此基础上用MTSS 模拟计算了注波互作用。结果证实：对于由两段周期均匀的慢波结构构成的 W波段行波管,在90~98GHz 范围内输出功率为48.92W~56.44W,电子效率为6.04%~6.96%,增益大于49dB;而对于由 7 段周期跳变的慢波结构构成的W波段行波管,在90~98GHz 范围内输出功率为57.06W~98W,电子效率为6.98%~11.99%, 增益大于50dB;两者相比,电子效率提高1%~4%。     

低电压高效率W波段脉冲行波管设计

行波管具有大功率、高增益等优点,是雷达、电子对抗系统等武器装备的核心电子器件。采用一种新型慢波结构——非半圆弯曲变形折叠波导,设计出低电压、高效率、宽带W波段脉冲行波管,工作电压16 kV,电流125 mA,6 GHz带宽内输出功率大于125 W,增益大于34 dB,电子效率与总效率分别大于6.3%,25.7%。     

Ka波段500W脉冲空间行波管研制

针对空间探测领域的应用需求,本文采用大功率返波振荡抑制技术以及过渡波导输能技术,设计出了一种Ka波段580 W脉冲空间行波管。经过实际的样管测试验证,功率≥580 W,饱和增益≥47 dB,实现了Ka波段500 W脉冲空间行波管主要技术参数。     

V波段空间行波管研制

本文介绍了国内外V波段空间行波管研究进展,给出了作者在V波段空间行波管设计和性能测试结果.V波段空间行波管电子枪采用传统皮尔斯型电子枪,高频采用螺旋线结构,为了提高行波管效率,采用四降压收集极.测试结果表明在工作频带内V波段空间行波管连续波饱和输出功率超过20 W,总效率超过21.8％,行波管动态流通率超过98％,在整个工作频带内行波管饱和增益超过了43 dB.     

X波段脉冲空间行波管研制

本文主要介绍了X波段脉冲空间行波管的研制进展。通过解决大功率抑制返波振荡设计、高效率设计、栅网可靠性设计,研制出X波段1600 W脉冲空间行波管,实现功率1600 W峰值输出功率,效率50%的技术状态。     

X波段大功率PPM聚焦耦合腔行波管的研制

本文概述了国内外X波段大功率行波管的技术现状,介绍了某X波段大功率周期永磁聚焦耦合腔行波管的设计和测试结果,该行波管在X波段800 MHz带宽内的平均输出功率大于5kW、效率大于42.5%。     

C波段10%大工作比栅控耦合腔行波管

介绍了一只C波段10%大工作比栅控耦合腔脉冲行波管的研制情况。通过对电子枪、慢波电路等的科学合理设计,并应用CAD模拟技术和2.5维大信号注波互作用程序进行模拟改进,短期内研制出符合要求的合格管。研制结果表明:该管在14%的相对带宽内等激励时的脉冲输出功率均大于12 kW,效率大于20%,增益大于49 dB。     

Low convergent confined-flow Pierce gun for a space TWT

An approach for designing an electron gun for a high efficiency, high linearity space traveling wave tube (TWT), has been presented. A low convergent (<10?:?1) Pierce electron gun of beam perveance 0.43?μP has been designed for a high gain, high linearity and high efficiency C-band 60?W Space TWT using in-house developed two-dimensional FDM based gun and collector simulation code PIERCE. In this gun, the first anode (isolated from the ground anode) has been kept nearly 100?V above the ground anode to act as an ion barrier for increasing cathode life and to regulate beam current over the lifetime of the tube. An M-type dispenser cathode of diameter 3.20?mm has been used for cathode loading of less than 1.0?A/cm² and heater wattage around 3.0?W. The magnetic focusing with integral-pole-piece barrel assembly and periodic-permanent magnets (PPM) have been designed using in house developed two-dimensional FDM based code SUNMAG. The practical problem of linking requisite cathode flux to the cathode for confined flow of the electron beam with low convergence factor has been sorted out by gradually increasing the PPM magnetic field. The magnetic field has been increased in steps from the gun and over the first five magnets varying from Brillouin field (B _B) value to twice B _B for achieving the electron beam with scalloping less than 10%. Agreements between the simulated results and the experimental results for the beam current and magnetic field profile have been achieved within 8%. The dynamic beam transmission (under rf operation of the tube) has been achieved better than 98% in the tube.     

Design of high-efficiency wide-bandwidth coupled-cavitytraveling-wave tube phase velocity tapers with simulated annealingalgorithms

The output circuit section of a traveling-wave tube (TWT) routinely contains an RF phase velocity taper for the purpose of increasing RF output power and efficiency. By slowing the RF phase velocity in approximate synchronism with the decelerating electron beam bunches, the taper increases power transfer from the beam to the RF wave. Recently, the computational optimization technique of simulated annealing was shown to be very effective in the design of an RF phase velocity taper that significantly increased computed RF power and efficiency of a coupled-cavity TWT. In this paper, two new broadband simulated annealing algorithms are presented that optimize (1) minimum saturated efficiency over a frequency bandwidth and (2) simultaneous bandwidth and minimum efficiency over the frequency band with constant input power. The algorithms were incorporated into the NASA 2.5-dimensional (2.5-D) coupled-cavity TWT computer model and used to design optimal phase velocity tapers using a 59-64 GHz coupled-cavity TWT as a baseline model. Compared to the baseline taper design, the computational results of the first broadband algorithm showed an improvement of 73.9% in minimum saturated efficiency. The second broadband algorithm indicates an improvement of 272.7% in minimum RF efficiency with constant input power drive and an increase in simultaneous bandwidth of 0.5 GHz over that calculated for the baseline TWT     

高效率X波段40W空间行波管的设计

作为卫星通讯系统所用的高增益、高功率微波放大器件,行波管的效率和线性是非常重要的.本文根据卫星通讯的需要,给出了高效率X波段40 W空间行波管的设计,并成功研制出了样管.     

Novel high-gain, improved-bandwidth, finned-ladder V-bandtraveling-wave tube slow-wave circuit design

In this paper, the three-dimensional electrodynamic simulation code MAFIA (Solution of MAxwell's Equations by the Finite-Integration-Algorithm) is used to investigate methods of increasing the bandwidth and lowering the operating voltage of the ring-plane circuit. Calculations of frequency-phase dispersion, beam on-axis interaction impedance, attenuation, and small-signal gain per wavelength were performed for various geometric variations and loading distributions of the ring-plane TWT slow-wave circuit. Based on the results of the variations, a circuit termed the finned-ladder TWT slow-wave circuit was designed and is compared here to the scaled prototype ring-plane and a conventional ferruled coupled-cavity TWT circuit over the V-band frequency range. The simulation results indicate that this circuit has a much higher gain, significantly wider bandwidth, and a much lower voltage requirement than the scaled ring-plane prototype circuit, while retaining its excellent thermal dissipation properties. The finned-ladder circuit has a much larger small-signal gain per wavelength than the ferruled coupled-cavity circuit, but with a moderate sacrifice in bandwidth     

The positively tapered traveling-wave tube

A new and unexpected concept of TWT circuit modification which results in high basic beam and depressed collector efficiencies is described. The test results which are presented disclose that 50 percent depressed collector efficiency has been achieved over a 10 per cent bandwidth, and that maxima of 42 and 52 percent, respectively, of beam and depressed collector efficiency have been measured at spot frequencies. The tube which produced these results contained a single continuous helix tapered at the output end so that the phase velocity of the fundamental circuit wave was increased.     

基于可回收能力的空间行波管高效率研究

效率是行波管设计的重要指标之一。对于空间行波管,效率的提高可以立即转化为经济效益。本文通过对注波互作用电路参数的优化设计,得到便于收集的“作用完了”的电子注。通常具有高电子效率的电子注,能量分散较大,不利于收集。通过设定电子效率大于25%这个限制条件,来保证了具有高可回收能力的电子注,同时具有较高的输出功率。在遗传算法中调用3 维MTSS,用来计算注波互作用后的输出能量和电子能谱图。并对一支Ku 波段的螺旋线行波管进行优化设计,从数值计算结果来看,可回收效率提高到了89%,且具有26.9%的电子效率。     

Ku波段高效率脉冲行波管的研制

简要介绍了Ku波段高效率脉冲行波管的设计、CAD计算和测试结果。通过对电子枪、聚焦系统、慢波电路、电子注和慢波线高频场大信号互作用的计算、收集极的设计,获得了符合新雷达系统技术指标要求的整管。实测结果为:在Ku波段2 GHz频带范围内,等激励、脉冲输出功率大于2.2 kW、效率大于30%。     

Small-size 81- to 83.5-percent efficient 2- and 4-stage depressed collectors for octave-bandwidth high-performance TWT's

In a joint USAF-NASA Program, Lewis Research Center is carrying out an efficiency improvement program on traveling wave tubes (TWT) for use in electronic counter measures (ECM) by applying multistage depressed collector (MDC) and spent beam refocusing techniques developed at Lewis. In the analytic part of the effort, three-dimensional electron trajectories are computed throughout the TWT. Trajectory computation continues through the spent beam refocuser and the depressed collector. Collector efficiency, collector losses, and overall efficiency are identified and computed. On the experimental side, tube performance is evaluated first without the MDC; then, the spent beam is analyzed for symmetry, circularity, and velocity spread. Finally, the MDC is attached and its performance optimized and evaluated. The three-dimensional theory, for ideal tubes, predicts a MDC-efficiency, at mid-band, of 81 percent for a 2-stage MDC with symmetric, circular, and optimally refocused beams and 85.5 percent for a 4-stage MDC. Experimental results to date have yielded MDC efficiencies of a minimum of 81 and 83 percent for a 2- and 4-stage MDC, respectively, across a one-octave bandwidth of a 4.8 to 9.6 GHz 330-to-550-W TWT.     

太赫兹行波管级联倍频器

太赫兹行波管(TWT)级联倍频器基于行波管非线性互作用后电子注中的谐波电流,利用行波管和级联谐波系统组成的倍频器获得电磁波倍频放大。以 W 波段行波管二倍频器为例,对器件的正确性和可行性进行验证。利用微波管模拟器套装(MTSS)软件对设计的倍频器进行三维非线性互作用模拟,结果显示,级联了二次谐波系统的 W 波段行波管倍频器与其他工作在140 GHz~220 GHz 波段的小型太赫兹辐射源相比较,具有优越的性能：谐波输出功率在8 GHz 范围内大于2 W,转换增益大于37 dB。利用 CST公司的粒子工作室软件进行三维粒子注波互作用模拟,结果显示,太赫兹行波管级联倍频器作为潜在的太赫兹源具有高功率、宽频带和高实用化的特点。     

Design and fabrication of a sub-millimeter multi-beam folded waveguide structure

A novel multi-beam folded waveguide (MBFW) circuit, which can enhance the output power and interaction efficiency of sub-terahertz (THz) traveling wave tube (TWT), is presented in the paper. Operating with fundamental mode and multiple electron beams means that a larger beam current can be used for a higher output power. The characteristics of the MBFW structure are analyzed and optimized. Compared with the single-beam folded waveguide (SBFW) TWT, the output power of the MBFW TWT increases from 3.64 W to 25.45 W at 140 GHz and its electronic efficiency increases from 1.06% to 7.4% under the conditions of an input peak power of 10 mW, a beam voltage of 9.55 kV and a current of 12 mA. The optimized MBFW structure can be successfully fabricated by micro milling, with dimension errors below expectation, and the measured transmission characteristics are in good agreement with the design.