大洋富钴结壳熔炼合金的锈蚀浸出及除铁研究

采用锈蚀浸出工艺处理DY95-9 航次大洋富钴结壳熔炼合金粉末, 研究了浸出酸量、浸出时间及催化剂对合金中钴镍铜等有价金属浸出率的影响。在最佳锈蚀浸出条件及经除去浸出液中的少量铁后钴镍铜锰的浸出直收率分别为93.68%、94.55%、91 .73%和95 .62%, 而几乎全部的铁、磷、碳和钼等进入浸出渣中, 锈蚀浸出过程中铁基本不耗酸。     

大洋锰结核和富钴结壳混合熔炼合金的锈蚀浸出研究

采用锈蚀浸出工艺处理大洋锰结核和富钴结壳混合熔炼合金粉末,研究了氯离子浓度、盐酸加入量、添加剂铜离子浓度以及空气和氧气等对合金中钴镍铜等有价金属浸出的影响。在最佳锈蚀浸出条件下铜钴镍浸出率分别为96.39%,93.51%和95.20%,合金中大部分铁进入渣中。     

大洋钴结壳中有价金属开发技术的综述

概括了现今大洋钴结壳的研究开发现状,简要论述了国内外几种处理富钴结壳的方法,介绍了活化硫酸浸出、活化盐酸浸出、火法富集有价金属、三相氧化法富集分离有价金属、还原-氨浸出、矿浆电解浸出、微生物浸出等方法的原理、工艺与处理效果,同时总结了处理大洋钴结壳方法的特点.     

大洋富钴结壳中钴的赋存状态研究

采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、化学选择性溶解等方法研究了大洋富钴结壳中钴的赋存状态。研究结果表明,该样品中钴的品位为0.21%,钴绝大部分赋存在铁锰水合氧化物中,未发现钴的独立矿物。溶解试验表明,大洋富钴结壳中钴的溶解与锰的浸出基本同步。     

中太平洋富钴结壳的研究

大洋富钴结壳是国际海底极为重要的矿产资源,它广泛地分布于水深５００～３０００ｍ的海底山坡上,覆盖率可达７０％～１００％,丰度达３０～７０ｋｇ／ｍ２,富含钴、镍、铜、铂、金、锰等多金属元素。从８０年代起,许多发达国家就开展了广泛的研究。本文从采矿工程角度对我国中太平洋富钴结壳初期调查所取得的资料进行分析研究,这对我国大洋富钴结壳的开发利用有着重要的实用价值和指导意义。     

太平洋富钴锰结壳浮选工艺的研究

太平洋海底埋藏的富钴铁锰结壳资源非常丰富，是未来开发利用的巨大的潜在矿物资源。本文介绍富钴锰结壳与岩体脉石分离的浮选工艺，集中讨论了影响富钴锰结壳浮选的重要因素，涉及浮选药剂种类、用量及抑制剂的使用，在磨矿细度60％－0.074mm条件下，用OPS、DF和AS组合的混合捕收剂浮选富钴锰结壳，可以取得锰品位13.51％、含钴0．401％、含镍0.45％的锰结壳精矿，锰、钴和镍的回收率分别为91．70％、94．23％和89．16％，而且抛弃了产率为62％的尾矿，尾矿中锰、钴和镍含量分别为0．75％、0．015％和0．0335％。     

富钴结壳浸出液中钴镍的N235萃取分离

对大洋富钴结壳硫酸活化浸出液经萃取分离铜、锌、锰后得到的镍钴富集溶液，用N235萃取分离镍钴。钴镍氯化物溶液用N235萃取分离的最佳的萃取工艺条件为室温，相比（O／A）=2～3：1。混合时间0．5min。经四级逆流萃取、洗涤与反萃。钴萃取率达99．99％，反萃率达99．81％，反萃液钴镍比达10^6。萃取分离后得到的氯化钴和氯化镍溶液纯度高，既可满足电解沉积金属的要求，又适于生产高纯化工产品。     

大洋多金属结核芳胺还原酸浸研究Ⅰ.苯胺还原酸浸法

提出应用芳胺类化合物--苯胺还原酸浸大洋多金属结核的新方法。研究表明，苯胺是大洋多金属结核酸浸的高效有机还原剂，常温（室温）、常压下，添加少量苯胺，将多金属结核矿样在酸介质中浸出10～20min。各有价金属即可得到很高的浸出率：锰、钴、镍大于97％。铜大于91％。该方法浸出工艺条件简单，矿浆易于固液分离，药耗小，苯胺来源厂，价格低。该方法具有很好的应用前景。     

矿浆电解法浸出大洋多金属结核的研究

矿浆电解是近年来新兴的一种湿法冶金技术。本文阐述了多金属结核矿浆电解浸出原理,以及浸出电量、酸度、粒度等工艺参数对有价金属浸出率的影响。研究结果表明,采用矿浆电解法在HCl-NaCl体系中处理多金属结核矿是完全可行的,在优化条件下锰、钴、铜、镍有价金属的浸出率均为97%;同时,阳极产出合格的电解二氧化锰。     

改性大洋富钴结壳吸附铜的研究

研究改性大洋富钴结壳对铜的吸附过程,测定改性大洋富钴结壳对Cu2+的吸附容量,考察介质pH、初始浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附过程的影响。结果表明,改性大洋富钴结壳吸附Cu2+适宜的pH值是2-6,吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附规律,饱和吸附容量约为90mg/g。在室温下,含铜151.0mg/L的废水经3.750g/L改性大洋富钴结壳处理2h后,其铜残余浓度为0.30mg/L,低于国家规定的工业废水一级排放标准(GB8978-1996)(Cu≯0.5mg/L)。改性大洋富钴结壳是一种具有应用潜力的含铜废水的水处理剂。     

Selective reductive leaching of oxidised cobalt containing residue

Nickel was selectively leached from an industrial nickel-cobalt Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP) under mildly acidic, strongly oxidizing conditions. The resulting cobalt rich residues contained 14-21 wt.% Ni, 3-7 wt.% Co and 3-9 wt.% Mn. The selective extraction of nickel and cobalt from these residues was studied using weak acid and weak acid-reductive leaching. Without the reducing agent, nickel preferentially leached. The controlled addition of a reducing agent increased the extent of nickel leaching and solubilised a portion of the cobalt while manganese remained stable in the solid phase. The extent of copper, iron and aluminium leaching was controlled by pH adjustment.     

Extraction of copper, nickel and cobalt from the leach liquor of manganese-bearing sea nodules using LIX 984N and ACORGA M5640

This paper describes a method, using sulfuric acid and activated charcoal for leaching Polymetallic sea nodules. Resulting leach solutions were examined for the extraction of copper, nickel and cobalt using LIX 984N and ACORGA M5640 in kerosene. After the removal of manganese and iron impurities from the leach liquor, copper and nickel were co-extracted leaving cobalt in the raffinate. The selective stripping of nickel and copper produces solutions rich in these metals, while regenerating the solvent for reuse.     

大洋多金属结核催化还原氨浸提取镍钴铜

本研究以亚铜离子为催化剂、一氧化碳为还原剂，在常温常压下，于氨一碳酸铵水溶液中直接还原大洋多金属结核（又称锰结核），同时选择浸出镍、钴、铜等有价金属，锰与铁、硅等杂质一起留在浸出渣中，视市场需求决定锰的回收与否及产品方案，具有较强的市场应变能力。文章叙述了结核的还原反应动力学及还原氨浸的试验结果。该工艺对不同类型（低铁型和高铁型）的结核同样适应，在优化的工艺条件下，有价金属浸出率分别达（％）：Ｎｉ９７～９９、Ｃｏ９０～９５、Ｃｕ９０～９５，特别是钴的浸出率较传统的还原焙烧－氨浸有显著提高。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定镍钴锰酸锂中的金属铁

采用磁棒对镍钴锰酸锂中金属铁进行富集,再利用盐酸溶解金属铁,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定镍钴锰酸锂中金属铁含量。研究了仪器的最佳测量条件、元素测定的质量数以及酸度的影响。方法测定结果准确、可靠,样品加标回收率在98.9%~104.1%。     

Development of a clean bioelectrochemical process for leaching of ocean manganese nodules

Through the application of negative reduction potential significant reduction of manganic and iron oxides in the ocean manganese nodules can be achieved, liberating the occluded copper, nickel and cobalt for easy dissolution in an acid medium. Electroleaching and electrobioleaching of ocean manganese nodules in the presence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans at the above negative applied dc potentials resulted in significant dissolution of copper, nickel and cobalt in 1 M H₂SO₄. The role of galvanic interactions in the bioleaching of ocean manganese nodules in the presence of T. thiooxidans is also discussed.     

Selective pressure leaching of Fe (II)-rich limonitic laterite ores from Indonesia using nitric acid

The selective extraction of nickel and cobalt over iron from an Indonesian limonitic laterite was investigated using nitric acid pressure leaching (NAPL). The mineralogical analysis showed that the major minerals were goethite and magnetite, and the content of the divalent iron was as high as 7.06%. Nickel and cobalt were mainly distributed in these two minerals; however, the distribution was non-uniform. A series experiments were conducted to examine the basic parameters and propose the optimal conditions for the extraction. When the ore was treated via HPAL under the optimal condition, the extracted nickel and cobalt were less than 75%, and the iron concentration in the leach liquor was over 12.5 g/L. By contrast, over 85% of nickel and cobalt were extracted and about 1.8 g/L iron was achieved using NAPL. The loss of nickel and cobalt can be mainly attributed to the undissolved magnetite and manganese minerals. The leaching process of NAPL is a dissolution–oxidation–precipitation mechanism, and in this process nitric acid acts as both a lixiviant and an oxidant. The formation of hematite results in a low iron concentration in the leach liquor without oxygen injected. Meanwhile, the oxidation and the precipitation of dissolved divalent iron results in a calculated savings in acid consumption of about 120 kg nitric acid per ton of ore can be obtained, which is equal to over 93 kg of sulfuric acid per ton of ore. Moreover, lower residual acid (20 g/L nitric acid) is a significant advantage of NAPL. The iron residues had a high iron content (>56 wt%) with no sulfur, making it suitable as raw materials for ironmaking.     

镍的萃取和钴电解液净化：——1.环烷酸与吡啶酯协同萃取镍的性能研究

本文对环烷酸（ＨＡ）与异辛基３－吡啶酯（ＰＥ２０６）二元体系在盐酸介质中协同萃取镍的性能进行了研究,结果表明：与环烷酸单一体系比较,铜的萃取ｐＨ５０向低ｐＨ方向移动１．０ｐＨ单位,镍的ｐＨ５０方向移动１．４ｐＨ单位,而钴的ｐＨ５０向低ｐＨ方向只移动０．７ｐＨ单位。镍与钴的ΔＰＨ５０增加０．６ＰＨ单位。     

从废高温合金中回收镍钴的工艺

采用热酸浸溶 -置换沉铜 -针铁矿法除铁铬 -N2 35萃取工艺处理一批高温合金废料 ,成功地回收了其中的镍钴 ,并加以提纯得到氯化镍和氯化钴溶液 ,此两种溶液可根据需要进一步处理 ,生产镍钴产品。从高温合金废料的处理到提纯后得到氯化钴、氯化镍溶液的过程中 ,钴和镍的回收率分别为 91 8%和 97 2 %。     

大洋多金属结核低温氢还原-湿法冶金联用回收有价金属

以大洋多金属结核为原料, 采用低温氢还原-湿法冶金联用工艺回收有价金属, 湿法冶金过程包括硫酸浸出、M5640萃取铜、针铁矿法除铁、P204萃取除锌、HBL110萃取回收镍。在HBL110萃取回收镍过程中, 考察了平衡pH值、相比O/A等因素对萃取镍的影响, 并绘制了镍萃取与反萃平衡等温线。结果表明, 采用50%HBL110+50%磺化煤油组成的有机相, 经过6级逆流萃取-4级逆流洗涤, 镍萃取率达99.85%, 除钴外, 杂质金属Mn、Ca、Mg、Al基本不被萃取。负载有机相经5级逆流反萃, 镍反萃率达98.53%。     

Recovery of nickel and cobalt from leach solutions of nickel laterites using a synergistic system consisting of Versatic 10 and Acorga CLX 50

A direct solvent extraction (DSX) process to recover nickel and cobalt from laterite leach solutions is potentially more cost effective compared to the traditional precipitation and re-leaching method. A synergistic solvent extraction (SSX) system consisting of Versatic 10 and Acorga CLX 50 in ShellSol 2046 was studied for DSX nickel and cobalt recovery from a synthetic solution using semi-continuous tests. The effect of pH on the metal distribution profile and metal separation were investigated. It was found that the SSX system can effectively recover nickel and cobalt and separate them from manganese, calcium and magnesium. Over 99% of Ni and Co was extracted using four stages of semi-continuous extraction from the synthetic laterite solution at pH 6.3 and an A/O flowrate ratio of 1:1. More than 80% of the manganese was rejected to the raffinate. The co-extraction of calcium was less than 5% and the co-extraction of magnesium was negligible under these conditions. The co-extracted manganese and calcium were readily scrubbed in three stages semi-continuous scrubbing. The loaded strip liquor with a high concentration of nickel (71.3 g/L Ni) was obtained after two-stage continuous stripping. The final strip solution pH of 3 would be suitable for nickel electrowinning. A conceptual DSX process flowsheet using the SSX system to recover nickel and cobalt from laterite leach solutions after iron removal has been proposed.