微量Ce对细化A356合金初生相的作用

利用低过热度浇注技术制备了半固态A356-Ce合金浆料,研究了稀土Ce对半固态A356合金的初生相形貌和尺寸的影响.研究结果表明:含有适量稀土Ce的A356铝合金经低过热度浇注可制备具有颗粒状和蔷薇状初生相的半固态浆料,合金熔体等温温度会影响Ce细化半固态A356合金中初生相的效果.Ce对半固态A356铝合金的初生相细化机理与稀土在铝合金中诱发的共晶反应有关.      

稀土La对半固态A356初生相细化机制的研究

利用Al-La稀土中间合金对液态A356铝合金进行了细化处理,并用低过热度浇注技术制备了半固态A356铝合金浆料,研究了稀土La对所制备半固态A356铝合金的初生α相形貌和尺寸的影响.研究结果表明,含有适量稀土La的A356铝合金经低过热度浇注可制备具有颗粒状和蔷薇状初生α相的半固态浆料,稀土La可显著改善半固态A356铝合金中初生α相的晶粒尺寸和颗粒形貌.稀土La对半固态A356铝合金的初生α相细化机理可能与稀土在铝合金中诱发的共晶反应有关.     

稀土La对半固态A356初生α相细化机制的研究

利用Al-La稀土中间合金对液态A356铝合金进行了细化处理,并用低过热度浇注技术制备了半固态A356铝合金浆料,研究了稀土La对所制备半固态A356铝合金的初生α相形貌和尺寸的影响.研究结果表明,舍有适量稀土La的A356铝合金经低过热度浇注可制备具有颗粒状和蔷薇状初生α相的半固态浆料,稀土La可显著改善半固态A35...     

稀土AlMg3W合金的研制

在研制稀土AlMg3W合金的基础上．采用金相观察、X射线衍射等手段，并通过力学性能、耐磨性能、焊接性能、热膨胀性能等对比测试，系统地分析了稀土对AlMg3W合金显微结构及物理性能的影响。结果表明，当稀土含量为0．05％时，稀土AlMg3W合金的性能最佳。     

稀土LF2_(21)电解着色膜物理化学性能的研究

本文叙述了阳极氧化工艺对稀土铝锰合金电解着色膜物理化学性能的影响。结果证实,在硫酸、硫酸亚锡电解着色液中获得的电析着色膜,具有较好的物理、化学性能。稀土含量在0.30%时呈现极值,性能最佳。     

铝钇共晶反应及其产物对亚共晶铝硅合金初生相的细化研究

研究了稀土Y在亚共晶铝硅合金中诱发稀土-铝共晶反应对铝合金初生α相的细化效应;应用Bramfitt提出的方法,计算了Al-Y共晶反应产物Al3Y与α-Al界面的二维点阵错配度,结果显示两者的二维错配度<6%,即Al3Y可作为α-Al的异质形核质点,且能达到中等有效形核而起到细化晶粒的作用,并通过实验验证计算结果如下:选用稀土元素Y作为A356合金细化剂的同时,将A356-Y熔体分别在稀土钇-铝共晶温度上、下10℃左右保温2 min后快速冷却,获得试样的金相组织照片后利用图像分析工具得到A356-Y合金初生α相的平均晶粒尺寸和平均形状因子。实验结果表明:A356-Y合金在Al-Y共晶温度之下保温,可获得较理想的初生α相形貌和较小的晶粒尺寸;结合二维错配的计算结果,可推断初生α相细化的主要原因为异质形核质点的增加:Al-Y共晶反应产物Al3Y与α-Al的二维点阵错配度在中等有效形核范围内,具有细化合金初生α相的作用;另一共晶产物α-Al与初生α相具有相同的晶体结构和点阵常数,则其也可作为异质形核质点而起到细化合金的作用。稀土Y可作为半固态A356合金中初生α相的优质细化剂。     

Ce对A356合金的影响及细化机制的研究

研究了Ce对A356铝合金晶粒细化的效果以及对其力学性能的影响。结果表明:在未添加稀土Ce时,A356铝合金结晶时,其中的初生相α-Al呈现为粗大的树枝状。在添加不同量的稀土Ce时,A356铝合金中的初生相α-Al明显得到细化,树枝状晶转化为等轴晶。在Ce合金添加量为0. 1%时其细化效果最好,α-Al的等效直径和形状因子均达到最优水平,分别为24. 5μm和0. 61;二次枝晶臂间距最小,平均二次枝晶臂间距为14. 63μm;其力学性能也达到最佳,抗拉强度和延伸率分别为165. 89 MPa和3. 5%,合金的硬度为HV 77. 6。添加量超过0. 1%时,其细化效果会随着添加量的增加而逐渐减弱。稀土Ce对于合金晶粒细化比较符合异质形核理论,Al-Ce中间合金中的Al11Ce3和α-Al具有相似的晶体结构,而且晶格常数也能与之相对应。在A356合金液中添加Al-Ce中间合金时,Al11Ce3粒子作为A356合金凝固时的异质形核点从而促进细化。     

稀土铝合金在草酸溶液中的阳极氧化及膜层性能的研究

在草酸溶液中对添加稀土的工业纯铝进行了阳极氧化,较系统地研究了电流密度、电解液浓度、温度、合金成份对氧化膜厚度的影响,并对膜层的物理性能、耐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:添加稀士后生成的氧化膜厚,膜层分布均匀、致密且具有较好的物理性能和耐腐蚀性能等,稀土铝合金中的稀土含量以0.20～0.29wt％为宜。     

稀土和铬对铁基自熔合金喷涂层抗氧化性能的影响

本研究着眼于用稀土对价格低廉的铁基自熔合金粉末进行改性,以提高其抗高温氧化性能。结果表明,稀土的添加大大提高了合金涂层的高温抗氧化性能,具有较大的应用前景。同时分析了稀土提高抗氧化性的机理,认为稀土的添加改变了合金氧化过程的扩散动力学,从而改变氧化膜的形貌与粘附性,提高抗氧化能力。单纯增加铁基合金中铬的含量对合金的抗氧化性影响不明显。     

稀土LF21铝合金氧化膜电解着色的研究

本文叙述了采用色度法对稀土LF_(21)铝合金氧化膜电解着色进行的研究。结果表明:电解着色液浓度、着色电压、电流密度、温度、时间以及合金成分等因素对电解着色均有较大影响。稀土可显著提高着色速度,稀土含量为0.30%时电解着色膜性能最佳。     

稀土细化剂对半固态A356铝合金等温热处理组织的影响

利用低温浇注与晶粒细化法制备了半固态A356铝合金坯料,研究了在细化剂作用下等温热处理工艺条件对其组织的影响规律.研究结果表明,稀土细化剂的加入对试样等温热处理前的铸态组织和热处理后的加热组织都有明显的改善作用,且稀土细化及低温浇注共同作用时,所获得的半固态非枝晶A356铝合金试样等温热处理最佳工艺条件为583℃下保温30 min,此时坯料触变性良好,其晶粒平均圆度达到0.83,晶粒平均等积圆直径达到80μm.     

Effect of Duplex Ageing on the Properties of A356 Alloy Containing Rare Earth Elements

Reduced weight of automobiles for the purpose of fuel economy has encouraged the use of light metals especially aluminium alloys. A356 Al alloy containing 7% Si and 0.3% Mg is widely used in automobile and aircraft industries due to excellent castability, good corrosion resistance and good pressure tightness. A356 is age hardenable alloy and there is appreciable improvement in strength and hardness achievable due to precipitation of intermetallic compound Mg₂Si. In the present investigation, aluminium alloy A356 with and without rare earth (RE) addition (0.5 wt%) was subjected to single ageing as well as double aging treatment. The results were compared for mechanical properties like hardness and ultimate tensile strength with the material not containing RE additions.     

Study on phosphating treatment of aluminum alloy： role of yttrium oxide

Zinc phosphate coatings formed on 6061-Al alloy, after dipping in phosphating solutions containing different amounts of Y2O3(yttrium oxide), were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. Significant variations in the morphology and corrosion resistance afforded by zinc phosphate coating were especially observed as Y2O3 in phosphating solution varied from 0 to 40 mg/L. The addition of Y2O3 changed the initial potential of the interface between aluminum alloy substrate and phosphating solution and increased the number of nucleation sites. The phosphate coating thereby was less porous structure and covered the surface of aluminum alloy completely within short phosphating time. Phosphate coating was mainly composed of Zn3(PO4)2-4H2O (hopeite) and AIPO4(aluminum phosphate). Y2O3, as an additive of phosphatization, accelerated precipitation and refined the gain size of phosphate coating. The corrosion resistance of zinc phosphate coating in 3% NaCl solution was improved as shown by po-larization measurement. In the present research, the optimal amount of Y2O3 was 10-20 mg/L, and the optimal phosphating time was 600 s.     

低碳钢表面改性用耐磨无机涂层的研究

文章介绍了运用磷化技术和溶胶一凝胶技术，在AlCl3＋Al的水解体系中制备得到Al（OH），凝胶，经烧成后在低碳钢表面形成活性Al2O3涂层。实验分析了磷化时间、涂覆溶胶中Al（On），浓度以及涂层的厚度等对无机涂层与基体结合力的影响。同时运用X衍射分析与视频显微镜对基底表面包覆的Al2O3涂层的形成过程、形貌、相结构等进行表征和分析。实验结果表明通过磷化作用后的金属基底表面能转变成一种易于跟Al2O3涂层结合的磷酸盐薄膜，能有效地增强Al2O3溶胶与金属载体的附着力，使其表面形成均匀的致密氧化铝薄膜涂层。     

Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure of Vacuum Melting Ni-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Coatings

The Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coating containing RE was acquired by the technique of vacuum melting on the hypoeutectoid steel (Fe-0.45% C) matrix. By X-ray diffraction, SEM and EDX, the microstructure and phase structure of section of coating and the microstructure near the interface between coating and matrix were investigated, and the effect of RE on microstructure of coating was also discussed. The results show that the microstructure of the NiCrBSi alloy coating is composed of Ni-based solid solution and a lot of massive, globular and needle secondary phases CrB, Ni3B, Cr7C3, Cr23C6 among the solid solution. The metallurgical binding between steel matrix and coating is realized. RE makes needle phase of alloy coating vanish. New phases of NiB and Cr6.5Ni2.5Si are precipitated from alloy coating, and secondary phases of alloy coating are sphericized. Consequently, RE also hinders the diffusion of Ni, Cr and Si atoms from coating to matrix and Fe atoms from matrix to coating, holds back the dilution of Fe for NiCrBSi alloy coating, and assures the chemical composition of the alloy coating.     

富Ce混合稀土阻燃ZM5合金氧化膜结构分析

在ZM5镁合金中添加0.1%混合稀土RE(富Ce混合稀土)时,阻燃效果最佳,镁合金起燃温度提高到800℃以上。对该合金表面进行了DSC、SEM和XRD分析。结果表明:在高温熔炼时合金表面生成了一层由(RE)2O3、MgO和Al2O3组成的厚度为2-4μm的致密氧化膜。通过热力学研究氧化膜的形成过程发现,RE与MgO发生交互反应,使中间层的(RE)2O3增加,导致中间层致密度增加,致密的氧化膜抑制了基体镁合金的进一步氧化。     

Influence of rare earth elements on corrosion resistance of BFe10-1-1 alloys in flowing marine water

The corrosion behavior of BFe10-1-1 alloy with different rare earth (RE) contents in simulated flowing marine water was investi-gated by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was demonstrated that the corrosion rate of BFe10-1-1 alloy with the same chemical compositions in faster flow velocity of marine water was higher than that in a lower flow velocity of marine water. Fixing the flow velocity, BFe10-1-1 alloy had the best flushing corrosion resistance when the RE content was 0.04wt.%. The consequence of such good corrosion resistance was attributed to the formation of compact protective film on alloy surface containing RE phase such as CeNi5- The RE-contained film combines with other corrosion products firmly, which was difficult to fall off from the alloy surface in the flowing marine water. Additionally, SEM analysis confirmed that pitting mechanism, which would be transformed to spalling mechanism gradually with further increasing RE content, was the prevalent mechanism when the alloy contained 0.04wt.%RE.     

冷轧汽车板表面状态对磷化膜质量的影响

利用SEM、EDS以及XRD等设备,研究了冷轧汽车板的表面化学成分、表面涂油状况、表面粗糙度等表面状态对冷轧汽车板磷化膜质量的影响。研究结果表明,C、Al元素含量高,表面涂油量大不利于形成细小、均匀的磷化膜,而提高Mn元素含量,使冷轧板表面粗化有利于改善磷化膜的质量;随着磷化膜＂P比＂的升高,磷化膜质量得到改善,形成了细小、均匀、致密的磷化膜。     

Zinc phosphating of 6061-Al alloy using REN as additive

Zinc phosphate coating formed on 6061-A1 alloy was studied with the help of electrochemical measurements, Fourier Transform Infrared （FTIR）, and Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, after dipping it in phosphating solutions containing different concentrations of Rare Earth Nitrate （REN）. REN, which acted as an accelerator in the phosphating solution, could catalyze the surface reaction and accelerate the phosphating process. REN mainly enabled the P in the phosphate coating to exist in the form of PO4^3- and promoted the hydrolysis of phosphatic acid in a liquid layer at the cathodes. This resulted in the evolution of H2 at the cathodes, which increased the local pH value and in turn drove the precipitation of the phosphate coating. Additionally, REN was adsorbed on the surface of the aluminum substrates to form a gel during the phosphating process. These gel particles were good crystal seeds, which helped to form phosphate crystal nuclei and possess the function of a nucleation agent that could decrease the phosphate crystal size. The corrosion resistance of the formed zinc phosphate coatings was improved.     

Zinc phosphating of 6061-Al alloy using REN as additive

Zinc phosphate coating formed on 6061-Al alloy was studied with the help of electrochemical measurements, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), after dipping it in phosphating solutions containing different concentrations of Rare Earth Nitrate (REN). REN, which acted as an accelerator in the phosphating solution, could catalyze the surface reaction and accelerate the phosphating process. REN mainly enabled the P in the phosphate coating to exist in the form of PO43- and promoted the hydrolysis of phosphatic acid in a liquid layer at the cathodes. This resulted in the evolution of H2 at the cathodes, which increased the local pH value and in turn drove the precipitation of the phosphate coating. Additionally, REN was adsorbed on the surface of the aluminum substrates to form a gel during the phosphating process. These gel particles were good crystal seeds, which helped to form phosphate crystal nuclei and possess the function of a nucleation agent that could decrease the phosphate crystal size. The corrosion resistance of the formed zinc phosphate coatings was improved.