稀土掺杂TiO2-活性白土复合光催化剂的合成与性能研究

以钛酸四正丁酯为原料,活性白土为载体,采用溶胶法合成了稀土(Sm3+、Tm3+、Ho3+、Nd3+)掺杂TiO2-活性白土复合光催化剂,借助XRD和UV-Vis技术对其进行了表征,并以甲基橙为模型污染物考察了稀土元素种类及掺杂量对复合光催化剂光催化性能的影响规律.物相结构分析表明,稀土元素掺杂使得复合光催化剂中纳米TiO2晶粒细化;UV-Vis吸收光谱表明,稀土元素掺杂后复合光催化剂吸收边发生明显红移,且在紫外光和可见光区对光的吸收增强;光催化实验表明,四种稀土元素掺杂均能显著提高复合光催化剂的光催化性能,其中Tm3+和Sm3+掺杂改性效果较好,当Tm3+掺杂量为0.1%(物质的量百分比)时复合光催化剂光催化活性较高,将其用于卷烟厂蒸叶废水的脱色去味处理,效果较好,废水COD去除率达到79.1%,且催化剂易沉降分离、重复使用性能稳定.     

掺杂TiO2薄膜太阳光催化降解甲基橙的研究

研究采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2薄膜.通过对TiO2薄膜掺杂稀土元素La和Ce,考察了该薄膜在太阳光光照下对甲基橙溶液的降解率.研究结果表明,稀土元素掺杂在一定程度上阻抑了TiO2的结晶程度,使晶粒变细,促进了其光催化性能的提高.而在所采用的两种稀土元素中,掺镧的效果好于掺铈.该研究结果为该技术的实用化研究提供可靠的依据.     

稀土掺杂固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2催化合成二芳基乙烷的研究

研究了以稀土元素Sm、Nd、Y对固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2进行改性,并用于催化合成二芳基乙烷,考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,稀土掺杂固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/REn+具有催化性能高、性能稳定且连续催化活性基本保持不变的优点。最佳实验条件为:苯乙烯与二甲苯之比为1∶7.5,催化剂用量为1%(总投料质量分数),反应时间为3小时,反应温度为回流温度,产率可达96.7%。     

铈或钕掺杂TiO2光催化陶瓷及其自洁净抗菌性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍提拉法在陶瓷表面覆盖了Ce或Nd掺杂的TiO2薄膜.稀土掺杂量为Ce/TiO2=0.007,Nd/TiO2=0.003(摩尔比)时,铈或钕掺杂TiO2光催化陶瓷分别对甲基橙的降解率最大.稀土掺杂TiO2光催化陶瓷对大肠杆菌的抗菌率高达99%,较纯TiO2光催化陶瓷的91%更高.     

稀土掺杂固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2催化合成二芳基乙烷的研究

研究了以稀土元素Sm、Nd、Y对固体超强酸SO2- 4/TiO2进行改性,并用于催化合成二芳基乙烷,考察了影响反应的因素.结果表明,稀土掺杂固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/REn+具有催化性能高、性能稳定且连续催化活性基本保持不变的优点.最佳实验条件为:苯乙烯与二甲苯之比为1∶7.5,催化剂用量为1%(总投料质量分数),反应时间为3小时,反应温度为回流温度,产率可达96.7%.     

掺杂钕离子纳米TiO2的制备及光催化降解水中苯酚的研究

以钛酸四丁醇为原料，采用溶胶．凝胶法制备了掺杂Nd^3＋的纳米TiO2光催化剂，探讨了掺杂对二氧化钛光催化活性的影响。通过X射线衍射（XRD），透射电镜（XRD）对制备的Md^3＋掺杂TiO2样品的相组成和晶粒大小进行了分析，并以苯酚为降解对象，考察了不同掺杂浓度，不同热处理温度下掺杂TiO2对苯酚的光催化降解效果。结果表明：掺杂Nd^3＋的TiO2为锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶相，Nd^3＋掺杂可阻碍TiO2的晶相转变，减小催化剂的晶粒尺寸，提高TiO2粒子的光催化活性。在本实验范围内，当Nd^3＋质量分数为0．8％（以TiO2质量计），处理温度为500℃时，TiO2光催化活性较高。与未掺杂的TiO2相比，其光催化活性提高约70％。     

掺杂纳米TiO_2光触媒的甲醛降解研究

对纳米TiO2掺杂金属盐后的光催化甲醛降解性能进行了试验研究.研究结果表明:适当钒掺杂改性提高了纳米TiO2降解甲醛的能力,经过钒掺杂改性纳米TiO2后其可见光范围的吸收明显增强;0.5? 0.3%V复合掺杂改性具有较好的光催化效果,比单一金属元素掺杂效果好,其甲醛降解率可达85%以上.     

La、Ho掺杂 TiO2光催化抗菌材料的制备与抗菌性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合旋转涂膜法制备了La、Ho掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料.以大肠杆菌为实验菌种,普通日光灯为光源,考察了旋转速度、稀土掺杂量、涂膜层数、烧结温度、烧结时间等因素对材料抗菌性能的影响.并采用SEM、XRD、TG-DSC等方法对材料进行了表征.结果表明,稀土掺杂TiO2光催化抗菌材料在普通日光灯照射下具备较强的抗菌性能.当旋转速度1100r/min,镧掺杂量为x(La)=0.3%、烧结温度550℃、烧结时间1.5 h、涂膜层数为3层时,La-TiO2抗菌性能最佳;旋转速度1100r/min,钬掺杂量为x(Ho)=0.4%、烧结温度600℃、烧结时间1 h、涂膜层数为2层时,Ho-TiO2抗菌性能较好,且La掺杂TiO2光催化材料抗菌性能优于Ho掺杂TiO2光催化材料,其1.5h杀菌率达92.21%.     

纳米TiO2光催化剂掺杂改性的研究进展

以光催化材料TiO2为研究对象,从金属、非金属掺杂及共掺杂改性出发,介绍了近些年来TiO2光催化剂与金属、非金属、双金属、双非金属、金属与非金属共掺杂的研究现状.研究发现:当对TiO2进行双元素共掺杂,且掺人元素及最适当时,能使TiO2的光催化性能进一步提高.     

Fe^3＋／Ce^3＋掺杂纳米TiO2的制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同粒径的纯纳米TiO2和掺杂Fe^3＋和Ce^3＋的纳米TiO2。样品的X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）表征说明：在相同的制备条件下，掺杂可以减小粒子粒径，掺Fe^3＋和Ce^3＋可以抑制晶相转变。光催化降解NO2的结果表明，在相同的制备方法和掺杂量的条件下合成的光催化剂对亚硝酸盐的降解率由高到低的顺序为：掺铁TiO2〉掺铈TiO2〉TiO2。     

Research and Development of Rare Earth Advanced Materials in China

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Enhanced Photoactivity of Layered Nanocomposite Materials Containing Rare Earths, Titanium Dioxide and Clay

The nanocomposite materials containing rare earths, titanium dioxide and clay (RE/TiO2/Clay) were characterized and tested for the photocatalytic decomposition of formaldehyde. The results show that nanocomposite materials prepared by doping appropriate rare earth elements have better photocatalytic properties than that prepared by doping excessive rare earth elements. The photocatalytic mechanism of composite materials was studied by integrating the theory of photocatalysis with experiment results. Because the site of photocatalytic reaction was limited in the interspace of clay, photocatalytic reaction occurred by two steps: firstly, organic molecules dispersed into the interlayers of clay; secondly, organic molecules and photocatalyst of RE/TiO2 occurred photocatalytic reaction, resulting in forming carbon dioxide.     

含稀土微波介质陶瓷材料的研究进展

含稀土微波介质陶瓷材料是微波介质陶瓷体系的一个重要组成部分。本文回顾总结了含稀土微波介质陶瓷材料的主要体系，概括地介绍了近年来应用稀土氧化物，对微波介质陶瓷材料进行掺杂改性的研究状况，并指出了含稀土微波介质陶瓷材料的近期发展方向。     

稀土在甲烷部分氧化制取合成气中的应用研究

稀土（La,Ce,Pr,Nd等）通常可以作为催化剂载体、助剂或与其它元素形成固溶体,成为催化剂的重要组成部分。文中系统地介绍了稀土在甲烷部分氧化（CPOM）制取合成气中的相关应用,重点分析了稀土作为催化剂载体、助剂、固溶体等在催化部分氧化制取合成气中的应用,并对其在CPOM中未来前景做出展望。     

我国稀土化合物产业现状和展望

从我国稀土资源特点出发，介绍了我国稀土化合物的主要生产工艺和企业状况、单一或混合稀土化合物、特殊物理性能的稀士化合物和复合稀土化合物等稀土化合物产品的生产、研发及应用情况。预测了稀土化合物产业的发展趋势，并提出我国在该领域应加强应用产品研究开发，特别是Ce、La、Y、Pr等稀土元素的应用研究，保持稀土元素的消费平衡，扩大应用领域：提高企业自动控制水平，改善产品的稳定性和一致性；注意保护生态环境。     

Effect of Rare Earth Elements Doping on Dielectric Properties of Ag(Nb1-xTax)O3 Ceramic System

The effect of doping rare earth element (Gd and Dy) on the properties of Ag(Nb_1-xTa_x)O₃ ceramic system was investigated. It was suggested that the addition of rare earth elements could be helpful to reducing the vacancy inside the material and decreasing the dissipation factor (tanδ < 10 × 10⁻⁴). Doping properly, the dielectric constant of the system could be improved (ɛ > 550). The influence mechanisms of the dielectric constant doping rare earth elements were investigated.     

Composition, Processing Technology and Property of Ceramic Die Materials Containing Rare Earth Additives

Development and application of new ceramic die materials is one of the important topics in the field of die research. The composition, processing technology, mechanical property and engineering performance of the ceramic materials such as cermet, ZTA, TZP, TZP/Al2O3, TZP/TiC/Al2O3, PSZ and Sialon, etc., with rare earth yttrium, lanthanum and cerium, and so on working as additives, were investigated and analyzed in the present study. Problems existed in the research and application of rare earth ceramic die materials were discussed. Rare earth additives can effectively improve the mechanical property and engineering performance of ceramic die materials. Thus, it will have further perspectives of wider application. More attention should be paid in the future to the toughening and strengthening of the ceramic die materials, the adding forms and kinds of rare earth elements and acting mechanisms of rare earth additives in ceramic die materials.     

微量稀土元素Tb、La掺杂对Fe-Al合金结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响

为了研究微量稀土元素Tb和La掺杂对Fe81Al19合金结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响及影响机制,采用真空电弧熔炼法制备了Fe81Al19、Fe81Al19La0.1和Fe81Al19Tb0.1三种铸态合金。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜联合能谱仪(SEM/EDS)分析了合金的微结构。用振动样品磁强计(VSM)和磁致伸缩测量仪测试了合金的磁性能和磁致伸缩系数。结果表明,Fe81Al19合金由单一的bcc结构A2相组成,而掺杂稀土后的Fe81Al19Tb0.1和Fe81Al19La0.1合金均由bcc结构的A2主相和少量富稀土相组成。稀土Tb和La的掺杂使Fe81Al19合金沿<100>晶向择优取向,且Fe81Al19Tb0.1合金择优取向更加明显。此外,三种合金的磁化功大小排序为:Fe81Al19Tb0.1> Fe81Al19La0.1> Fe81Al19。表明稀土元素掺杂导致Fe-Al合金具有更大的磁晶各向异性,且Tb的掺杂效果更加明显。磁致伸缩系数测试表明,与Fe81Al19合金相比,稀土掺杂合金的磁致伸缩系数明显增大,而且Fe81Al19Tb0.1合金的磁致伸缩系数增大的更加明显,大约是Fe81Al19合金的3.2倍,为86×10^-6。稀土掺杂合金磁致伸缩系数增大的原因主要源于掺杂稀土使Fe-Al合金沿<100>晶向择优取向和稀土导致合金具有高磁晶各向异性。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Gd~(3+) doped TiO_2 and Gd_2O_3 modified TiO_2 prepared via ball milling method

Gd~(3+)/TiO_2 and Gd_2O_3/TiO_2 nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling method.The effects of Gd~(3+)ion and Gd_2O_3 on the structure and optical property of TiO_2 were studied by XRD and UV-vis DRS.Specific surface area was determined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method.The morphology and elemental composition were characterized by SEM-EDS.XPS was used to determine the surface compositions and chemical character of elements.The sample sizes and microstructures were observed by TEM.The photocatalytic activities of TiO_2 nanoparticles modified with rare earth metal gadolinium(Gd~(3+)ion or Gd_2O_3)were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue(MB)under UV light.Experimental results indicate that 2,5 mol%Gd~(3+)/TiO_2 shows the best photocatalytic activity compared with Gd_2O_3/TiO_2 and pure TiO_2.The existence of gadolinium can exhibit the aggregation and induce lattice distortion of TiO_2 obtained from XRD,SEM and TEM results.The band gap energy of 2.5 mol%Gd~(3+)/TiO_2 decreases to3.07 eV and it leads to visible light absorption response which can be seen from UV-vis absorption spectra.The surface area of 2.5 mol%Gd~(3+)/TiO_2 equals to 85.8 m~2/g and average crystal size is 21.1 nm.EDS and XPS analyses reveal that gadolinium can be introduced either into TiO_2 lattice or adsorbed on the surface of TiO_2.The content of surface OH groups in 2.5 mol%Gd~(3+)/TiO_2 is 50,88%(1.55 times higher than that of pure TiO_2)and the content of lattice oxygen decreases to 11.26%.The MB(25 mg/L)degradation reaction rate constants of 2,5 mol%Gd~(3+)/TiO_2,0.5 mol%Gd_2O_3/TiO_2 and pure TiO_2 were0.0713,0.0588 and 0.0263 min~(-1),respectively.The degradation rates of rhodamine B(30 mg/L)in 60 min are 97,9%,90.1%and 84.6%for 2,5 mol%Gd~(3+)/TiO_2,0.5 mol%Gd_2O_3/TiO_2 and pure TiO_2,respectively.     

Effect of Rare Earth Phosphate Composite Materials on Cleanout Oil-Dirty Property of Ceramics

The ceramics with cleaning easily up oil-dirty property were prepared by doping enamel slurry with rare earth elements phosphate composite materials, and then the influence mechanisms of rare earth elements phosphate composite materials on the cleaning easily up oil-dirty property of ceramic were studied by testing the surface tension and contact angle of water, latex stability inside of ceramic product. Results that the ceramic doped enamel slurry with rare earth phosphate composite materials can reduce obviously the surface tension and contact angle of water, and make latex more stable, and so the ceramics possess excellent cleanout oil-dirty property.