固体脱硅剂的应用效果研究

本文旨在研究不同的脱硅剂对脱硅效果的影响。选用污泥粉、氧化铁皮和烧结矿粉三种主要原料进行了工业性试验，得出了各种脱硅剂的反应特点和规律，为固体脱硅材料的选择和利用提供了依据。     

不同脱硅剂对铁水脱硅效果的研究

总结了实验室条件下铁水脱硅实验结果。宝钢现用烧结矿粉、集尘粉具有较好脱硅效果。富矿粉、铁鳞有效氧含量高,但碱度低,脱硅能力难于发挥。脱硅渣具有较低的熔点及粘度有助于氧化能力的充分发挥。随脱硅剂加入量的增加,脱硅量增加,脱硅过程平均脱碳量约为０．２％。     

铁水脱硅过程泡沫渣的基本特征

采用Ｘ光透视装置,直接观察了铁水脱硅过程泡沫渣现象,结果表明：当脱硅剂投入铁水,泡沫渣随即升腾,以烧结矿为脱硅剂时,泡沫渣从激烈、平缓、再升高,最后塌落,以富矿粉、铁鳞为脱硅剂,泡沫渣起始激烈、逐渐衰减。泡沫渣的孔隙度高,后期脱渣中有铁珠悬浮。     

转炉渣在铁水脱硅领域的应用研究

在实验室及工业大牛产条件下采用宝钢转炉渣作熔剂配制脱硅剂进行铁水脱硅实验。结果表明：用转炉渣替代石灰作熔剂生产脱硅剂脱硅效果更佳；脱硅剂中转炉渣(质量分数)在15％～30％的范围内时，脱硅剂具有良好的脱硅效果和经济效益。     

新型脱硅剂合成及脱硅反应的热力学研究

针对亚熔盐氧化铝流程中二氧化硅脱除的问题,提出采用钙铁榴石、水合碳铁酸钙和水合硫铁酸钙进行高浓环境介质分离;采用氧化物组成计算方法对此类化合物的Gibbs自由能进行了计算,在此基础上对脱硅剂合成反应进行了热力学研究;确定了不同脱硅剂的脱硅产物及其Gibbs自由能,对三种脱硅剂的脱硅能力进行对比,选择了最优脱硅剂。     

含镍铬脱硅、脱磷剂的熔化性研究

为了在铁水预脱硅、脱磷工艺中利用不锈钢炼钢厂含铬镍混轧铁皮及回收有价金属,按不同配比用含铬镍铁皮替代烧结矿粉及氧化铁皮,配成不同成分的脱硅、脱磷剂,进行了熔化性实验和扫描电镜观察.研究发现,在改善脱硅脱磷剂的配比情况下,含镍铬混轧铁皮可完全或部分替代氧化铁皮及烧结矿粉用于铁水脱硅脱磷.     

微粉氢氧化铝用粗液常压脱硅工艺研究

介绍了用石灰乳和液态脱硅剂对粗液进行常压脱硅试验,结果表明,液态脱硅剂脱硅过程中溶液氧化铝损失小,α1降低幅度小.经过脱硅剂脱硅后溶液的A/S最高能达到230左右.随后对脱硅溶液进行了分解氢氧化铝微粉试验,数据表明,用液态脱硅剂将溶液A/S脱到200左右可以满足微粉氢氧化铝分解的指标要求.     

模拟铁水罐喷吹脱硅的实验研究

在实验室SiC管炉上采用分批上置法加料并浸入吹O2,在1 350℃下进行了模拟铁水罐喷吹脱硅的实验研究.所研究的3种氧化剂均可达到铁水罐喷吹脱硅的目的,其脱硅能力:转炉尘＞轧钢铁皮＞铁精矿粉.浸入吹入部分气体O2,可显著提高前期(前10 min内)脱硅反应速率,大大缩短处理时间,且减少铁水温降.推荐了喷吹脱硅剂配方和用量,采用转炉尘作喷吹脱硅剂,脱硅效果最好,且不必额外配入CaO,并大幅降低制粉设备磨损和运行电耗,应优先选用.     

铁水脱硅过程机理的探讨

经脱硅实验与计算表明,脱硅反应的表观活化能不大（４３．９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ Ｓｉ）,温度对脱硅反应影响。脱硅初期,脱硅受铁水侧传质所控制。ＥＰＭＡ显示了构硅元素在渣铁相本体与渣铁界面存在明显浓度差。所以,一次性投入过多脱硅剂不会增加脱硅速度。加强搅拌有利于提高脱硅效率。     

微波加热与常规加热硅锰粉固相脱硅动力学比较

采用微波加热和常规加热对硅锰粉和巴西粉锰的脱硅反应进行了动力学行为研究,以巴西粉锰为脱硅剂,与硅锰粉中的硅发生氧化还原反应.微波加热和常规加热分别加热到不同温度并保温一定时间,测定产物中硅含量并计算固相脱硅反应的表观活化能.实验表明:单一和混合料均可在微波场中快速升温.随着温度的升高和保温时间的延长,两种加热方式脱硅率均随之提高,在相同实验条件下,微波加热的脱硅率和反应速率均高于常规加热,微波加热可以提高固相脱硅率;微波加热固相脱硅反应的限制性环节为扩散环节,其表观活化能为102.93 kJ·mol-1,常规加热脱硅反应的表观活化能为180 kJ·mol-1,说明微波加热能改善固相脱硅的动力学条件,提高固相脱硅反应速率,降低脱硅反应的活化能.      

烧结法生产氧化铝脱硅分析

介绍了几种烧结法生产Al2O3脱硅工艺,重点分析了添加硅渣晶种脱硅和添加石灰乳脱硅的工艺流程、特点、经济效益。针对脱硅的改进工艺特点,如钠硅渣不分离的脱硅工艺、钠硅渣分离的脱硅工艺、三次脱硅工艺、管道化脱硅工艺,分析了各工艺的适应性、产品质量和经济效益。     

狠抓脱硅乏气攻关 有铲降低蒸汽消耗

本文介绍了贵州铝厂氧化铝厂烧结法脱硅乏汽系统的流程改造,有效利用了脱硅乏汽加热沉降洗涤工序用热水和种分母液,解决了脱硅缓冲槽飘碱难题,社会效益和经济效益显著。     

喷吹法炉前脱硅系统设计的回顾与展望

简述了高炉炉前脱硅的作用及发展情况，介绍了国内近年来脱硅系统建设情况，对已建和在建的喷吹法脱硅系统的工艺及设备作了详细介绍，与在铁水预处理中脱硅相比，炉前脱硅具有综合成本低、冶炼流程短等特点；喷吹法炉前脱硅可实现对铁水全量脱硅，脱硅效果好于投撒法。     

Development of a Continuous Desiliconization Process in the Hot Metal Runner of a Blast Furnace

An efficient continuous desiliconization process equipped with a mechanical stirrer in a hot metal runner was newly developed. The facility was installed during the revamping of No.3 blast furnace at Kobe Works, and the commercial operation started up successfully in January 2008. Before the installation of the commercial facility, the reaction behaviour was investigated under various experimental conditions for the application of a mechanical stirring method to continuous desiliconization treatment in the hot metal runner. Hot metal experiments at laboratory scale showed that the stirring intensity was an important factor for the process performance, and the mechanical stirring method was available for the improvement of reaction efficiency. As a result of plant tests, it was confirmed that a higher oxygen efficiency of desiliconization was achieved by the combination of runner arrangement and mechanical stirrer compared with the conventional injection of the desiliconizing agent. According to the reaction analysis of continuous desiliconization in the hot metal runner using the semi‐batch reaction model, it was estimated that the average slag‐metal residence time in the reaction region is improved due to an increased entrainment of foamed slag into the stirred metal bath in the mechanical stirring method, and therefore, it leads to a high desiliconization efficiency. Based on the experimental results, the equipment specifications and the runner design for this process were determined.     

炉前脱硅喷枪传动设备改进设想

介绍了炉前脱硅技术概况,简要回顾了平台式、回转式、门架式喷枪传动设备的开发、改进情况,提出连杆式喷枪传动设备方案.该方案各构件间全部采用铰接、输粉管沿设备铺设、有数种安装方式,支铁沟脱硅和摆动流嘴处脱硅均适用.与现有喷枪传动设备相比,设备重量及高度降低了30-50%.     

Desiliconization and decarburization behavior of molten Fe-C-Si(-S) alloy with CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

One of the most important problems in the steelmaking process is an increase of the disposal slag mainly discharged from the dephosphorization process. In order to reduce the quantity of the disposal slag, the complete removal of silicon from molten pig iron is considered very effective before the dephosphorization in the pretreatment process. From this point of view, the desiliconization and the decarburization behavior of Fe-C-Si alloy with CO₂ and O₂ has been investigated in the present work. It is thermodynamically calculated that silicon should be oxidized in preference to carbon over 0.60 mass pct Si under the condition of s_SiO2=a _C=1 at 1573 K and is experimentally confirmed that silicon is only oxidized under the condition in actual. Even under the competitive region of desiliconizing and decarbonizing, under 0.60 mass pct Si, silicon is found to be oxidized down to about 0.1 mass pct Si in preference. The overall rate constants for the desiliconization and the decarburization are derived, and the value for the desiliconization is one order of magnitude larger than that for the decarburization. The influence of sulfur is also examined, and the retarding effect is not observed on the oxidation reactions.     

钢包密闭喷粉脱硫脱氮的工业试验研究

通过在18t钢包上进行的钢包密闭喷粉脱硫脱氮新工艺的试验表明：该工艺在脱硫的同时，能脱除部分钢中氮。验证了在250kg感应炉上的试验结果，为寻求钢液低成本脱硫脱氮方法提供了思路。     

渣洗法铁水脱硅的工业试验

重庆钢铁股份公司开展了铁水渣洗脱硅的工艺试验,结果表明:采用渣洗法进行铁水脱硅,脱硅率可达52.69%;脱硅剂加入量、铁水原始硅含量及脱硅剂加入速度是铁水脱硅效果的主要因素。讨论了试验中铁水温降、脱硅渣泡沫化的问题。