从硅渣中回收Al2O3的研究与实践

为减少烧结法生产氧化铝产生的硅渣量,在实验室中用正交试验法探讨了溶出温度、液固比、碳酸钠浓度与钙硅渣中氧化铝溶出率的关系,结果表明,固相钙硅渣中Al2O3的溶出率随溶出液固比、溶出温度的升高(100℃以下)而增加,适当延长溶出时间能提高溶出率.在工业实践中,用含Na2Oc 100g/L的碳分母液溶出混合硅渣,控制溶出液固比9、温度约90℃,搅拌40 min,经过滤分离,固相中Al2O3的回收率达29.16%,附液中Al2O3的回收率达57.4%,年降低生产成本434万元.     

采用钙化焙烧—铵盐浸出工艺从钒渣中浸出钒

研究了采用钙化焙烧—铵盐浸出工艺从钒渣中提取钒。分别以氧化钙和碳酸钙为钙化剂对钒渣进行焙烧,考察了不同焙烧条件和浸出条件对钒渣中钒、硅、磷浸出的影响。结果表明:以碳酸钙为钙化剂,对钒渣在n(CaO)/n(V_2O_5)=1.2/1、钒渣粒度45～75μm、焙烧温度920℃条件下焙烧45 min,然后在60℃下用1 mol/L碳酸氢铵溶液浸出60 min,钒浸出率可达82%,硅浸出率低于9%,磷不被浸出,钒渣杂质脱除效果较好。     

用硫代硫酸钠从某卡林型金矿石中浸出金试验研究

研究了用硫代硫酸钠从贵州某卡林型金矿石中浸出金,考察了不同因素对金浸出率的影响。结果表明:在Cu~(2+)浓度为0.01mol/L、Na_2S_2O_3浓度为0.3mol/L、乙二胺浓度为0.06mol/L、液固体积质量比5∶1条件下常温浸出4h,金浸出率达72.87%,浸出效果较好。     

锌冶炼铅银渣湿法浸出工艺研究

在分析湿法炼锌铅银渣的主要成分与化学物相的基础上,考察了温度、浸出时间、氯酸钠浓度、酸度等对铅银渣中铅银含量及浸出率的影响,确定了氯化浸出最优工艺条件为:氯化钠浓度300g/L、氯化钙浓度50g/L、初始盐酸0.4mol/L、浸出温度85℃、浸出时间2.5h、液固比8,在该条件下铅银渣中铅、银的浸出率分别可达94.43%和91.48%,渣中铅含量为0.9%,银含量84.4g/t。     

从蒸馏渣中回收稀土工艺研究

以稀土电解熔盐渣经矿相重构—真空蒸馏处理后的蒸馏渣为原料,采用盐酸酸浸提取蒸馏渣中的稀土,研究了酸浸时间、酸浸温度、盐酸浓度、液固比(L/S)对稀土和铁浸出率的影响。结果表明,在酸浸温度50℃、盐酸浓度4mol/L、酸浸时间1h、液固比4的较优工艺条件下,稀土浸出率高达99.88%,铁浸出率为44.43%,达到了稀土优先溶出的目的。     

用硫代硫酸钠从湿法炼锌渣中浸出银

研究了用硫代硫酸钠从某炼锌厂锌渣中浸出银。将锌渣球磨至0.245 mm以下,在液固体积质量比6∶1、硫代硫酸钠浓度0.4 mol/L、硫酸铜浓度0.3 mol/L、60℃、pH值8.5~9.5条件下浸出3 h,银浸出率超过87%。     

铝酸钠粗液氧化铝浓度对熟料溶出过程的影响

以脱硅粉煤灰熟料为原料进行熟料溶出,控制液固比得到不同氧化铝浓度的铝酸钠粗液,通过分析上述粗液在不同溶出时间溶液成分及固相成分的变化规律,研究溶出过程发生的二次反应历程。结果表明,随着氧化铝浓度的升高、溶出时间的延长,铝酸钠溶液中的氧化铝浓度和氧化硅浓度大致呈下降趋势;固相中氧化铝和氧化钠含量呈上升趋势,熟料氧化铝溶出率和氧化钠溶出率呈逐渐下降趋势。对于原硅酸钙含量大于50%的脱硅粉煤灰熟料而言,建议将铝酸钠粗液氧化铝浓度控制在100~120g/L,熟料溶出后浆液的液固分离时间控制在180min以内。在不同初始氧化铝浓度条件下,随着溶出时间的延长,二次反应产物及反应历程随着氧化铝浓度的变化而变化。溶出固相的主要产物为水化石榴石、钠硅渣、原硅酸钙和少量方解石。     

硫代硫酸钠浸出贵州卡林型金矿

研究了用硫代硫酸钠从贵州卡林型金矿中浸出金, 考察了Na₂S₂O₃浓度、乙二胺浓度、Cu2+浓度、Na₂SO₃浓度和溶液pH值等不同因素对金浸出率的影响。试验结果表明: Na₂S₂O₃浓度为0.35 mol/L, 乙二胺浓度为0.1 mol/L, Cu2+浓度为0.075 mol/L, Na₂SO₃浓度为0.1 mol/L, 溶液pH值为9.5, 室温(25 ℃)浸出4 h为较优浸出条件, 金的浸出率最高可达75.56%。3组优化扩大试验的结果和浸出前后矿样的XRD图谱分析结果, 均证明了硫代硫酸盐对贵州卡林型金矿具有一定的浸出效果, 且浸出过程反应迅速、低毒高效、环境友好, 值得进一步研究。      

用硫脲从含银湿法炼锌废渣中浸出银

研究了用硫脲从贵州某湿法炼锌废渣中提取银。锌渣球磨至60目,在液固体积质量比5∶1、硫脲浓度1.0 mol/L、Fe3+浓度0.3 mol/L、温度40℃、pH为1.0~2.0条件下浸出2 h,银浸出率达82%以上。     

用盐酸从强磁铁尾矿中浸出铁及其动力学研究

研究了用盐酸从强磁铁尾矿中浸出铁，考察了温度、盐酸浓度、液固体积质量比和反应时间对铁浸出率的影响，探讨了浸出动力学。结果表明：在温度80℃、盐酸浓度8.8 mol/L、液固体积质量比7 mL/1 g、反应时间2 h最优条件下，铁浸出率可达94.37%;酸浸过程符合收缩未反应芯模型，受固相层扩散控制，表观反应活化能为23.55 kJ/mol;酸浸渣主要成分为石英与重晶石，可综合回收利用。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

显微维氏硬度测量不确定度评定

对显微维氏硬度测量不确定度进行评定，建立了不确定度计算的数学模型，确定了影响实验结果的各项因素，计算出了各因素的标准不确定度，得出结果的扩展不确定度，并给出最终测量结果的表达式。     

Concept of freedom of infection of animal flocks

Totally negative results of epidemiological investigation of random samples do not prove the absence of the infection as the pathogen may be restricted to only a few animals in the herd for a long time. The statement "absence of infection" is critical for such situations. The question is raised, whether the statement "absence of infection" should be generally avoided. Classification of herds and flocks according to the prevalence of the pathogen would be more valid for the implementation of control measures.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.