稀土对共析钢组织转变的影响

以共析钢为研究对象,研究了稀土对共析钢组织转变的影响。含量为0.0145%的稀土可显著减小共析钢轧态珠光体球团尺寸和珠光体片层间距,含量为0.0410%的稀土可增大珠光体球团尺寸和珠光体片层间距;冷却速度≤1℃·s-1时,共析钢在连续冷却过程中只发生珠光体转变,并且含量为0.0145%的稀土可以细化相变后珠光体组织,减小珠光体片间距。     

热轧形变量对共析钢珠光体组织球化的影响

利用Gleeble 1500热模拟机进行热压缩试验,研究了不同热轧形变量下奥氏体区形变对共析钢后续珠光体相变组织球化的影响。结果表明,高温奥氏体区形变增加了奥氏体的形变储存能,导致C曲线左移,并且形变可以明显减小珠光体团直径,随应变量增大,珠光体片层间距减小,渗碳体厚度变薄,片层取向多样化。最终的等温球化试验表明,增大奥氏体形变量有利于珠光体的球化效果。     

热形变和钒微合金化对高碳钢组织转变的影响

通过在Gleeble1500热模拟试验机上的热形变和冷却试验,研究了热形变及钒微合金化对高碳钢连续冷却后显微组织及硬度的影响。研究结果表明：未形变的含钒试验钢在5和9℃/s冷速下出现了中低温组织贝氏体和马氏体,950℃变形后的含钒钢,在同样冷速下相变后得到的组织全为珠光体。随钒含量的增加,珠光体转变后的片层间距变小,硬...     

新型H380级别高强度钢轨热处理工艺的数值模拟

通过计算机数值模拟计算对H380级别热处理钢轨的淬火过程进行了分析。钢轨热处理过程是一种鉴于等温转变与连续冷却转变之间的"连续等温转变过程"。计算表明:对于H380级别热处理钢轨温降控制在200～250℃,钢轨轨头相变温度不应超过620℃,轨头抗拉强度取样位置处珠光体组织相变温度不应超过650℃,相变孕育期为22～30 s,在此段加强冷却强度,降低珠光体组织相变开始温度。有利于钢轨轨头淬硬层的深化,提高该级别热处理钢轨抗拉强度。     

变形温度对弹簧钢55SiCrA组织和性能的影响

通过Gleeble-1500热/力模拟试验机,采用光学、电子显微技术及力学测试等方法,研究了800～950℃变形温度对汽车悬架用弹簧钢55SiCrA(%:0.56C、1.42Si、0.68Cr)组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着变形温度的提高,相变开始温度和相变结束温度均逐渐下降,珠光体片层间距逐渐减小,变形温度为850～900℃时,珠光体片层间距为130～140 nm,抗拉强度为1 075～1 090 MPa,断面收缩率43.5%～44.0%,综合力学性能最佳。     

82B钢的微合金化-相变控制与生产实践

为了优化82B钢的成分和热轧冷却工艺,以提高82B盘条的强度,测定了80钢和82B钢的等温转变温度对相变时间、珠光体片层间距的影响以及Cr元素对82B相变温度的影响,分析了Cr合金化和相变控制对82B盘条的微观组织和抗拉强度的影响。对于82B,当温度在595～615℃相变速度最快,其转变时间为10～15s,在590～625℃可得到理想的0.10～0.20μm的珠光体片层间距;通过添加0.18%～0.24%Cr和控制热轧冷却速度,可以控制82B钢的相变温度区间和相变速度,得到均匀细片状的珠光体组织;将Φ12.5mm 82B盘条的主要成分调整为0.78%～0.84%C、0.15%～0.35%Si、0.78%～0.88%Mn和0.18%～0.24%Cr;在热轧控冷过程中,弱化水冷,强化风冷,控制82B盘条的吐丝温度为840～880℃,目标值860℃,增大82B盘条在风冷线上的冷速,提高了盘条的强度。     

奥氏体形变对50CrV4钢相变行为的影响

利用Thermecmastor-Z型热模拟试验机,结合金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、维氏硬度计等,系统研究了奥氏体区变形对50CrV4钢连续冷却相变和等温相变规律的影响。建立了试验钢动态CCT曲线。研究结果表明,奥氏体变形能促进连续冷却转变过程中铁素体-珠光体、贝氏体转变,但亦可提高奥氏体的机械稳定性,进而抑制马氏体转变,Ms点由331.6℃(奥氏体未变形)降低至291℃(950℃下变形50%+890℃下变形50%,变形速率均为5s-1,变形后冷速为20℃/s)。当轧后冷速小于0.5℃/s时,试验钢中可获得铁素体+珠光体组织。此外,在研究不同变形量对试验钢等温相变规律影响时发现,650℃等温时,试验钢中发生铁素体-珠光体相变。随着变形量的增加(由30%增加至50%),其等温相变动力学加快(相变完成时间由197.6s减小至136.5s),铁素体体晶粒尺寸、珠光体片层间距减小,硬度增加。     

82B盘条控冷工艺优化研究

通过热膨胀试验测定了82B试验钢的临界转变温度并绘制静态CCT曲线;研究了冷却制度对82B盘条金相组织的影响。结果表明:冷却相变时大的过冷度,可以减小片层间距,提高索氏体化率,得到强度和伸长率更好的盘条。因此须增加相变前的冷速(不低于8℃/s),控制相变过程中温度的稳定(560～640℃),控制相变后冷速不进入马氏体转变区间。经过工艺调整,盘条的索氏体化率从88%提高到90%以上,珠光体片间距控制在150 nm以下。     

高碳帘线钢72A连续冷却转变(CCT)的特性

采用热膨胀法,通过THERMECMASTOR-Z热模拟实验机测试了高碳帘线钢72A(%:0.72C、0.53Mn、0.22Si)的连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线,并分析了开始冷却温度(840～930℃)和冷却速度(0.8～22℃/s)对钢组织的影响。结果表明,相同开始冷却温度条件下,冷却速度越快,相变时间越短;相同冷速条件下,随着开始冷却温度的升高,到达相变开始转变温度的时间和到达转变终了温度的时间会延后;提高开始冷却温度,珠光体的百分含量增加,珠光体片层间距减少,有利于提高线材力学性能。     

锅炉扁钢用免退火12Cr1MoV盘条控轧控冷工艺优化

为开发免球化退火扁钢用12Cr1MoV热轧盘条,基于形变诱导相变机理,采用830℃终轧温度和800℃的吐丝温度。通过抑制形变奥氏体晶粒回复和再结晶过程增加形变储能,促进奥氏体分解为铁素体和珠光体组织。同时配合轧后风冷辊道速度调节,实现分段控制冷却,延长盘条在630～750℃区间停留时间,可完全消除盘条中马氏体和贝氏体组织。试验结果为：热轧盘条抗拉强度从576 MPa降至520 MPa,断面收缩率从66%提高至74%,淬火组织的消除使盘条变形能力明显优化,避免少量或极少量马氏体组织无法协同变形而产生的心部孔洞或拉拔断裂,经用户多规格批量使用,未发生塑性开裂问题。     

Improvement in Mechanical Properties of Microalloyed Steel 30MSV6 by a Precipitation Hardening Process

 The microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties of vanadium microalloyed steel (30MSV6) during precipitation hardening were studied. The effects of aging temperature and cooling rate on mechanical strength (yield strength and ultimate tensile strength) were similar. Increasing aging temperature or cooling rate firstly increased the mechanical strength of specimens up to their maximum values, which then decreased with further increase in aging temperature or cooling rate. Microstructural evolutions revealed that cooling rate had significant effects on the pearlite interlamellar spacing and size of pre-eutectoid ferrite. Unlike the effect of austenitizing temperature, the pearlite interlamellar spacing and pre-eutectoid ferrite size were decreased by increasing the cooling rate from austenitizing temperature. According to the microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties, the optimal heat treatment process of microalloyed steel 30MSV6 was austenitizing at 950 ℃ for 1 h, air cooling (3. 8 ℃/s) and aging at 600 ℃ for 1. 5 h. This optimal heat treatment process resulted in a good combination of elongation and yield strength.     

高铁用U75V钢轨钢动态CCT曲线

用膨胀法结合显微组织观察及硬度测量方法,得到了U75V钢轨钢动态CCT曲线。结果表明:当冷却速度为0.05~3℃/s时的U75V钢轨钢的显微组织为珠光体组织,而且随着冷却速度的加快珠光体片层间距逐渐减小;冷却速度为5℃/s时主要的显微组织为珠光体组织,但出现少量马氏体组织;当冷却速度为15~50℃/s时的显微组织为马氏体和残余奥氏体组织。随着冷却速度的增大,硬度呈增加趋势。高铁用U75V钢轨钢奥氏体向珠光体开始转变温度不超过700℃,相变结束温度不低于500℃,当冷却速度为2~3℃/s时珠光体片层间距最为细小。     

Pearlite in ultrahigh carbon steels: Heat treatments and mechanical properties

Two ultrahigh carbon steel (UHCS) alloys containing 1.5 and 1.8 wt pct carbon, respectively, were studied. These materials were processed into fully spheroidized microstructures and were then given heat treatments to form pearlite. The mechanical properties of the heat-treated materials were evaluated by tension tests at room temperature. Use of the hypereutectoid austenite-cementite to pearlite transformation enabled achievement of pearlitic microstructures with various interlamellar spacings. The yield strengths of the pearlitic steels are found to correlate with a predictive relation based on interlamellar spacing and pearlite colony size. Decreasing the pearlite interlamellar spacing increases the yield strength and the ultimate strength and decreases the tensile ductility. It is shown that solid solution alloying strongly influences the strength of pearlitic steels.     

Cleavage fracture in pearlitic eutectoid steel

The effect of microstructure on flow and fracture properties of fully pearlitic steel has been studied by independently varying the prior austenite grain size and the pearlite interlamellar spacing through appropriate heat treatments. The yield strength is independent of the prior austenite grain size but increases as the interlamellar spacing or the temperature decreases. The microstructural dependence can be explained by using a model which assumes that yielding is controlled by dislocation motion in the ferrite lamellae. The critical tensile stress for cleavage fracture is found to be independent of prior austenite grain size, increasing as the interlamellar spacing decreases. The cleavage fracture stress is independent of temperature for fine pearlite but increases as the temperature decreases for coarse pearlite. The associated fracture in blunt notch specimens initiates at inclusions beneath notch surface near the location of maximum tensile stress. From the size of such inclusions, the effective surface energy for cleavage fracture can be directly calculated and is found to be independent of temperature and prior austenite grain size but to increase as the interlamellar spacing decreases, from about 5 to 13 J/m² for the range of microstructures and temperatures used in this study. Additional measurements of the effective surface energy and further theoretical analyses of the cleavage process are needed. D.J. ALEXANDER, formerly of Carnegie Mellon University I. M. BERNSTEIN, formerly of Carnegie Mellon University     

热轧窄带65Mn钢珠光体组织与性能的窄范围控制

为制定65Mn窄范围质量控制工艺参数,利用OM、SEM、拉伸试验机及洛氏硬度仪等,研究热轧窄带65Mn钢的终轧温度、终轧后冷速下以及卷取后冷速对珠光体组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在其他工艺参数相同的情况下,随着终轧温度的提高、终轧后冷却速率的减缓和卷取后冷却速率的加快,热轧窄带65Mn钢珠光体球团尺寸和片层间距不断增大、片层变厚、抗拉强度及硬度均逐渐降低,当终轧温度大于960℃、终轧后冷却速率小于5.58℃/s及卷取后冷却速率小于0.1℃/s时,其抗拉强度小于900 MPa。     

Calculation Models of Interlamellar Spacing of Pearlite in HighSpeed 82B Rod

With the investigated subject of 82B rod, the interlamellar spacings of pearlite at different isothermal transformation temperatures and different cooling rates during continuous cooling transformation were measured, and the effect of the isothermal transformation temperature and cooling rate on the interlamellar spacing was analyzed quantitatively. Moreover, the relationship models between undercooling and interlamellar spacing were presented by data regression. The experimental results show that the relationship between undercooling and reciprocal interlamellar spacing remains linear when the undercooling is not very large, or else, the interlamellar spacing tends to be constant and the relationship will deviate from linearity.     

Calculation Models of Interlamellar Spacing of Pearlite in High-Speed 82B Rod

With the investigated subject of 82B rod, the interlamellar spacings of pearlite at different isothermal transformation temperatures and different cooling rates during continuous cooling transformation were measured, and the effect of the isothermal transformation temperature and cooling rate on the interlamellar spacing was analyzed quantitatively. Moreover, the relationship models between undercooling and interlamellar spacing were presented by data regression. The experimental results show that the relationship between undercooling and reciprocal interlamellar spacing remains linear when the undercooling is not very large, or else, the interlamellar spacing tends to be constant and the relationship will deviate from linearity.