青海省柴达木循环经济试验区水资源开发利用形势分析

通过实地调查青海省柴达木循环经济试验区水资源量及其开发利用现状和取水许可情况,分析了柴达木循环经济试验区水资源开发利用程度、用水效率和用水水平,水资源承载能力及所面临的严峻挑战。分析认为:柴达木循环经济试验区水资源开发利用形势严峻,尤其是随着柴达木循环经济试验区"一区四园"的大规模开发建设,区域水资源供需矛盾将更加严峻,迫切需要及早规划和采取应对措施。     

柴达木循环经济试验区水资源配置原则与思路

作为国家首批循环经济试点产业园区之一的柴达木循环经济试验区,具有独特的自然地理特征和资源环境条件。以试验区现状水资源及其开发利用调查和水资源供需分析成果为基础,按照"以供定需,保护为本,统筹协调,经济比选"的原则对柴达木循环经济试验区水资源进行合理配置,使得水资源配置格局与经济社会发展及生态环境保护的要求相协调,为试验区经济社会可持续发展提供水资源保障。     

柴达木循环经济试验区初始水权分配问题探讨

柴达木盆地干旱少雨,水资源紧缺,水的问题是区域经济社会发展的关键问题。本文通过对柴达木循环经济试验区水资源状况及特征、利用现状及潜力、存在主要问题等分析;从水资源评价与规划、管理、节水型社会建设、水权制度建设、水资源优化配置体系、组织领导等方面提出开展初始水权分配的措施建议。     

德令哈市工业园区水资源承载力分析

德令哈市工业园区是柴达木循环经济试验区的重要组成部分,目前该区域水资源短缺,水资源开发利用程度较高.文章在分析区域水资源量及现状开发利用的基础上,结合工业园区用水需求,通过分析水资源承载能力,提出水资源开发利用和调配的初步思路和措施.     

济南市水资源开发利用新思考

正水资源作为基础性的自然资源和战略资源对于经济社会的可持续发展有着重要意义。近年来,济南市通过水网构建和水生态文明建设,不断优化水资源配置,提高水资源保障能力。而随着"打造四个中心,建设现代泉城"的深入推进和济南新区规划建设对水资源保障能力提出了更高的要求。本文结合当前济南市水资源开发利用现状、存在问题,对将来一段时期水资源开发利用提出了一些思考和建议。     

循环经济与水资源开发利用问题研究

循环经济是二十一世纪的理想经济发展模式。它通过科学的规划设计,使不同的产业群体间形成资源共享和废物循环利用的产业链,以资源综合循环利用,达到资源开发利用系统的最优化配置,从而使生态环境得到最好的保护。循环经济与水资源开发利用有着密不可分的关系。本文从循环经济的理念内涵分析其对于水资源开发利用和水生态环境保护的意义,并就循环经济在水资源开发利用支持保证系统进行了初步探讨。     

基于地下水“双控”的水资源配置模型与实例应用

根据生态文明建设的需要与地下水资源保护的特殊性,构建由水资源优化配置模块、地下水可开采量动态计算模块和地下水"取水总量与水位"双控计算模块3部分组成的模型系统,以水资源优化配置模块牵引地下水可开采量动态计算模块和地下水"双控"计算模块,利用多重循环迭代算法,通过长系列调节计算和对比分析,给出基于地下水"双控"的水资源配置推荐方案。以沈阳市为例开展应用研究,发现沈阳市局部区域到2030年需重启开采地下水市政水源0.22亿m~3,才能形成人水和谐的水资源配置总体格局。     

湖北咸宁市水生态文明建设路径探索

通过分析湖北咸宁市水生态现状、存在的问题及面临的发展机遇,提出科学规划、落实最严格的水资源管理制度、优化水资源配置、加强水资源基础设施建设、强化水土保持意识、加强水生态文明宣传的水生态文明建设思路,促进水生态保护与修复文明试点城市建设,着力打造河畅水清,山、水、湖、河、城相融的"香城泉都",为湖北省水生态文明建设提供坚实基础。     

燕赵水讯

承德市全力推进2014年水生态文明建设 一是制度规范．强化水生态保护的刚性约束。全面落实水资源开发利用控制、用水效率控制和水功能区限制纳污“三条红线”既定目标：实施全市河道管理范围划界竖桩：加快编制《承德市水生态文明建设实施方案》。二是蓄水固本．着力优化水资源配置。     

基于用水总量控制的合肥市水资源优化配置研究

针对合肥市现状水资源开发利用存在的水资源节约集约利用水平不高、城市供水保障体系尚待完善、河流生态用水保障能力不强等问题,通过现状和在建、拟建的水资源配置工程体系及其布局构建了合肥市水资源配置模型,提出了合肥市规划水平年水资源优化配置方案。经分析计算并综合考虑合肥市水网布局、水资源分布特点、在建和拟建水资源配置工程以及区域空间布局等,构建了合肥市“优水生活、湖水生产、江水补源、多源配置”的全市水资源优化配置体系,旨在支撑合肥市经济社会高质量发展和助推河湖高水平修复。     

长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定

基于长江中游四大家鱼发江量历次调查数据,采用宜昌站作为长江中游水文情势变化分析的控制站,基于其1900~2004年共105年的日径流资料,采用每年5~6月涨水过程数、总涨水日数、平均每次涨水过程日数等3项生态水文指标,分析了四大家鱼发江量与3项生态水文因子的变化关系,认为产卵场所处江段每年5~6月的总涨水日数是决定家鱼苗发江量多寡的一个重要环境因子。根据IHA方法,对宜昌站105年来的生态水文指标分析表明,长江宜昌站生态水文过程的改变并不明显,5~6月总涨水日数变化趋势不显著,显示长江中游影响四大家鱼苗发江量的生态流量过程改变不明显,与前人得出的葛洲坝枢纽修建后四大家鱼的产卵条件和卵苗江汛规律没有变化这一认识一致。但是,随着三峡水库的运行,下游河道的生态环境流量过程会有较大改变,本文建议三峡水库的调控以保障长江中游每年5~6月的总涨水日数维持在22.1±7.2范围内为生态水文目标,即可从生态环境流量过程方面补偿水利工程对中游四大家鱼鱼苗发江量的影响。     

Seminar on Water and Energy,Stockholm, Sweden,August 21, 2005

Abstract

In Europe the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will have major implications for water resources management. Part of the Directive requires Member States to implement a comprehensive system of controls (licences) on the allocation and abstraction (withdrawal) of surface and groundwater resources. This paper describes the development of a procedure to help assess and set abstraction licences for agricultural irrigation. The methodology is described with reference to Scotland, a country with limited abstraction control previously and where irrigation is supplemental to rainfall. The methodology combines spatial climatic information using a Geographical Information System (GIS) with data derived from a water balance computer model. The procedure enables the volumetric irrigation demand in a ‘design’ dry year for a given site to be estimated, taking into account local variations in climate, soil type, land use and irrigation practices. The approach provides a scientifically robust framework to allow the regulatory authority to assess the ‘reasonable’ water requirements of individual irrigators and hence develop allocations to satisfy the range of competing demands (e.g. agriculture, industry, and environment) on water resources. The methodology is applicable in other temperate countries where water abstraction controls are required and where appropriate datasets are available. The application of the procedure and its methodological limitations are described.     

Stakeholder-driven,enquiry-driven,or stakeholder-relevant,enquiry-driven science?

There is currently debate within the international hydrological community on whether hydrological science should give priority to providing measurements, knowledge, and understanding pre-determined as being needed by stakeholders, or priority to more basic enquiry-driven science that will stimulate the continued health and growth of hydrology as an important Earth science discipline. Two recent major international initiatives in hydrology reflect these two perspectives. One, the Hydrology for the Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) program, is primarily fostered by UNESCO-IHP and is focused on stimulating the stakeholder-driven hydrological science required in specific catchments that have become members of a global network. The second, the decade on Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), which is appropriately managed by IAHS, is primarily driven by scientific enquiry and is focused on creating new scientific methods and understanding, albeit with practical application ultimately in mind. This paper summarizes the nature, origins, growth, and progress of these two international programs but also describes the subtly different approach that has been adopted by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). NSF is a federal agency whose primary goal is to ‘enable the future’ by stimulating novel science. Because SAHRA is a federally-funded entity supported by an agency with this goal, the Center clearly cannot operate in stakeholder-driven, response mode in competition with the already effective private U.S. consultancy industry. Nonetheless, SAHRA's mission is to create knowledge and build understanding that will enhance the prospects of sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, especially the southwestern U.S. To resolve this apparent conflict, SAHRA looks ahead to future stakeholder needs and builds its research agenda around selected critical stakeholder-relevant questions that require substantial and sustained investment in basic, multidisciplinary, enquiry-driven science. This paper describes SAHRA's approach and reports on associated research and outreach activities.     

Growth,Reproduction, Mortality,Distribution, and Biomass of Freshwater Drum in Lake Erie

Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens population were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = ?5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978.     

水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法综述

在总结水-能源-粮食纽带关系研究中, 使用频率较高或潜力较大的 8 种水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法为: 水-能源-粮食纽带关系工具 2.0( WEF Nexus Tool 2.0) ; 生命周期评价( LCA) ; 可计算的一般均衡模型( CGE) ; 系统动力学模型( SD) ; 气候、土地、能源与水资源策略( CLEWS) ; 基于社会生态系统代谢的多尺度综合评价( MuSIASEM ) ; 市场配置/ 市场配置系统集成模型( MARKAL/ TIMES) 和水资源评价规划模型-长期能源替代规划系统 ( WEAP2LEAP) 。通过总结各研究方法的产生、发展及特性, 并引用案例讨论其适用范围, 分析其优缺点和在使用 时需要注意的问题。在此基础上, 对未来水2能源2粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的发展趋势进行讨论, 认为伴随可持 续发展问题关注度的上升与水-能源-粮食纽带关系内在机理的挖掘, 未来的水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法将 更加注重量化的精确性和数据的互通以及跨学科研究和多方法的耦合。本文可为水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的选择和更新优化提供参考。     

Survival,Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub,Gila Cypha,in the Little Colorado River,Arizona

Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001–2002 and 2009–2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark‐recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site‐specific and year‐specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river‐wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.