Harmoniousness analysis of total amount control of water use简

Based on the fundamental principles of total amount control of water use, the harmony theory was used in this study to develop a concept of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use. Based on this concept, the harmoniousness of total amount control of water use was analyzed in terms of the supply and demand of water resources, water resources management, water use benefits, and water-saving level. An evaluation index system of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was established, and a method for calculation of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was developed based on the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and fuzzy comprehensive analysis （FCA） methods. The new evaluation index system was applied to a certain area in Jiangsu Province, China. The degree of harmony of total amount control of water use over this area was calculated for different years. Results indicate that the evaluation index system and calculation method proposed in this study are feasible, and such a harmoniousness analysis can provide scientific references for the strict water resources management system that will be implemented in China in the near future.     

Research progress on water resources management theory of “basing four aspects on water resources”EI北大核心CSCD

In order to implement the rigid constraint system for water resources and promote refined management of water resources, based on the analysis of the concept and notion of “basing four aspects on water resources” and the summary of the experience of water resources management, the basic theory and management guidelines for water resources control of “basing four aspects on water resources” are proposed. The latest progress of “ basing four aspects on water resources” is systematically sorted out, and it is pointed out that further research on the water resources control of “basing four aspects on water resources” should be deepened from the aspects of macro-system evaluation system construction, water resources optimization allocation model reconstruction, and refinement of water resources control system. © 2023, Editorial Board of Water Resources Protection. All rights reserved.     

SIMULATION OF HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS IN HYDROPOWER SYSTEMS USING THE 1-D-3-D COUPLING APPROACH

Although the hydraulic transients in pipe systems are usually simulated by using a one-dimensional (1-D) approach, local three-dimensional (3-D) simulations are necessary because of obvious 3-D flow features in some local regions of the hydropower systems. This paper combines the 1-D method with a 3-D fluid flow model to simulate the Multi-Dimensional (MD) hydraulic transients in hydropower systems and proposes two methods for modeling the compressible water with the correct wave speed, and two strategies for efficiently coupling the 1-D and 3-D computational domains. The methods are validated by simulating the water hammer waves and the oscillations of the water level in a surge tank, and comparing the results with the 1-D solution data. An MD study is conducted for the transient flows in a realistic water conveying system that consists of a draft tube, a tailrace surge tank and a tailrace tunnel. It is shown that the 1-D-3-D coupling approach is an efficient and promising way to simulate the hydraulic transients in the hydropower systems in which the interactions between 1-D hydraulic fluctuations of the pipeline systems and the local 3-D flow patterns should be considered.     

Optimization and coordination of South-to-North Water Diversion supply chain with strategic customer behavior

The South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) Project is a significant engineering project meant to solve water shortage problems in North China. Faced with market operations management of the water diversion system, this study defined the supply chain system for the SNWD Project, considering the actual project conditions, built a decentralized decision model and a centralized decision model with strategic customer behavior (SCB) using a floating pricing mechanism (FPM), and constructed a coordination mechanism via a revenue-sharing contract. The results suggest the following: (1) owing to water shortage supplements and the excess water sale policy provided by the FPM, the optimal ordering quantity of water resources is less than that without the FPM, and the optimal profits of the whole supply chain, supplier, and external distributor are higher than they would be without the FPM; (2) wholesale pricing and supplementary wholesale pricing with SCB are higher than those without SCB, and the optimal profits of the whole supply chain, supplier, and external distributor are higher than they would be without SCB; and (3) considering SCB and introducing the FPM help increase the optimal profits of the whole supply chain, supplier, and external distributor, and improve the efficiency of water resources usage.     

Maintaining healthy rivers and lakes through water diversion from Yangtze River to Taihu Lake in Taihu Basin

On the basis of the Taihu water resources assessment, an analysis of the importance and rationality of the water diversion from the Yangtz,e River to Taihu Lake in solving the water problem and establishing a harmonious eco-environment in the Taihu Basin is performed. The water quantity and water quality conjunctive dispatching ＇decisi＂ofi-makifig support system, which ensures flood control, water supply and eco-aimed dispatching, is built by combining the water diversion with flood control dispatching and strengthening water resources monitoring and forecasting. With the practice and effect assessment, measures such as setting the -integrated basin management format, further developing water diversion and improving the hydraulic engineering projects system and water monitoring system are proposed in order to maintain healthy rivers and guarantee the development of the economy and society in the Taihu Basin.     

COUPLING DISTINCT AND CONTINUOUS MEDIUM MODEL FOR FLOW ANALYSIS IN A FRACTURED ROCK MASS AND ITS APPLICATION

Fractures in a rock mass can be divided into dominant fracture system and network fracture system. An approach for the analysis of three dimensional ground water flow in a fractured rock mass is presented, in which flow in the dominant fracture system is described by a distinct medium model while flow in the network fracture system plus rock matrices (if considered) is described by a continuous medium model, and the two models are coupled by hydraulic head and flux. The coupling model facilitates to calculate one-by-one the fluid flow in the dominant fractures which are functioned as the major water transmission conduits, and it avoids unnecessary calculating fluid flow in individual network fractures which are numerous in number. In this way, the method can be applied to a large-sized calculation domain. In addition, a method of using network geometry data to calculate its equivalent porous permeability is presented in the paper, and the model implementation of water source and sink such as the pumping     

Measurement and assessment of water resources carrying capacity in Henan Province,China

As demands on limited water resources intensify, concerns are being raised about water resources carrying capacity(WRCC), which is defined as the maximum sustainable socioeconomic scale that can be supported by available water resources and while maintaining defined environmental conditions. This paper proposes a distributed quantitative model for WRCC, based on the principles of optimization, and considering hydro-economic interaction, water supply, water quality, and socioeconomic development constraints. With the model, the WRCCs of 60 subregions in Henan Province were determined for different development periods. The results showed that the water resources carrying level of Henan Province was suitably loaded in 2010, but that the province would be mildly overloaded in 2030 with respect to the socioeconomic development planning goals. The restricting factors for WRCC included the available water resources, the increasing rate of GDP, the urbanization ratio, the irrigation water utilization coefficient, the industrial water recycling rate, and the wastewater reuse rate, of which the available water resources was the most crucial factor. Because these factors varied temporally and spatially, the trends in predicted WRCC were inconsistent across different subregions and periods.     

Supply efficiency of water ecological products and its influencing factors in Zhoushan City based on RSBM-DEA modelEI北大核心CSCD

Based on the construction of the evaluation index system for the supply efficiency of water ecological products in Zhoushan City, the evolutionary characteristics of the supply efficiency of water ecological products in Zhoushan City from 2000 to 2017 were analyzed by using the RSBM-DEA model based on time series data, and the influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that the value of water ecological services in Zhoushan City is mainly reflected in surface water storage and cultural services, showing a fluctuating upward trend. The supporting effect of water ecosystem on the sustainable development of Zhoushan's economy and society has been continuously enhanced. The supply efficiency of aquatic ecological products in Zhoushan City has maintained a fluctuating development trend at a high level, of which pure technical efficiency is the key factor. In 2003 and 2013, it experienced two “trough periods”, mainly caused by the impact of pure technical efficiency. Different factors have different influence directions and degrees on the supply efficiency of water ecological products in Zhoushan City. Among them, the level of science and technology, the construction of water conservancy facilities, industrial structure and the level of economic development have a very significant positive impact, while the annual average temperature and ground hardening rate have a negative impact on the ground hardening rate, and the ground hardening rate has a low impact © 2022, Editorial Board of Water Resources Protection. All rights reserved.     

Homotopy-based analytical approximation to nonlinear short-crested waves in a fluid of finite depth

A nonlinear short-crested wave system, consisting of two progressive waves propagating at an oblique angle to each other in a fluid of finite depth, is investigated by means of an analytical approach named the homotopy analysis method(HAM). Highly convergent series solutions are explicitly derived for the velocity potential and the surface wave elevation. We find that, at every value of water depth, there is little difference between the kinetic energy and the potential energy for nonlinear waves. The nonlinear short-crested waves with a larger angle of incidence always contain the more potential wave energy. With the aid of the HAM, we obtain the dispersion relation for nonlinear short-crested waves. Furthermore, it is shown that the wave elevation tends to be smoothened at the crest and be sharpened at the trough as the water depth increases, and the wave pressure crests and troughs become steeper with increasing incident wave steepness.     

A NOVEL 3-D MODEL FOR THE WATER CRESTING IN HORIZONTAL WELLS

In the presence of bottom water, a drop in the reservoir pressure due to fluid production causes the aquifer water to expand and to flow into the reservoir. Therefore, hydrocarbon production from a well is limited by the critical flow rate. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the breakthrough time and the critical rate by using a novel 3-D horizontal well model. Based on the hypothesis that the horizontal well is located in any position of a circular reservoir with no-flow boundary on the top of the reservoir and constant pressure boundary at the bottom, the horizontal well has been regarded as an infinite conductivity line sink and then a 3-D steady-state flow model of the horizontal well is set up. A point sink pressure solution can be obtained with the Fourier transform. The result of the pressure distribution of the uniform flux horizontal well can be presented by means of the principle of superposition. According to the stable water cresting theory, this study confirms the stable height of water cresting and the critical rate. Meanwhile, it can re-confirm the breakthrough time at a specific rate. The output of a comparison between this 3-D model and the reservoir numerical simulator （Eclipse） shows the method presented here can be applied to investigate the behavior of a water cresting and to predict the breakthrough time at the bottom water driver reservoir.     

Analysis of causes of erosion-corrosion wear of the metal of internal surfaces of watered regions of tubes of heat-exchange devices

Causes of the appearance of erosion-corrosion wear (ECW) on inlet regions of tubes of heat-exchange devices are considered. Experimental data are used for determining the mechanism of the ECW process and suggesting measures for its prevention. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 11, November 2005, pp. 56–62.     

水文模型参数敏感性的区间分析

介绍SIMHYD降水径流模型的结构及计算原理,利用该模型模拟了丹江口以上汉江上游流域的月流量过程,并采用区间分析方法分析SIMHYD模型参数的敏感性。结果表明:SIMHYD模型可以较好地模拟该流域的月流量过程;根据参数敏感性大小可将SIMHYD模型参数归为3类:第1类为敏感参数,如SMSC和SUB;第2类为较敏感参数,如CRAK和K;第3类为非敏感参数,如INSC,COEFF和SQ。     

德泽水库混凝土面板堆石坝趾板混凝土裂缝处理

德泽水库大坝为混凝土面板堆石坝,大坝的趾板建在弱风化岩基上,趾板采用C30W12F200混凝土,趾板在浇筑完成后经检查共发现有62条裂缝,总长度达169.64 m。为了对裂缝进行有效地处理,详细分析了产生裂缝的原因,并针对不同类型的裂缝采取不同的处理措施,如Ⅰ类裂缝用化学粘补材料进行修补,Ⅱ类裂缝采取先环氧砂浆钻孔灌浆、再粘补表面的方法修补。所有裂缝经处理后,均达到防渗设计要求。     

水利枢纽下游河道水位流量关系的变化

根据水利枢纽下游河道的实测资料，得到下游河道水位流量关系的调整变化，并对其变化原因进行了分析。     

浑河沈抚段水体污染季节性变化研究

为明确浑河沈抚段水污染特征,提升水环境治理有效性,2015年3月—2016年2月对浑河沈抚段进行水环境调查。根据丰、平、枯3个水期的pH值、电导率、COD、NH_3-N、BOD及COD_(Mn)等水质指标,运用改进的综合水质标识指数法识别出主要污染因子,并分析浑河沈抚段水质污染时空变化特征。结果表明,研究区域的pH值在一个水文年变化范围为6.42~8.06,较适宜水生生物生长;水体在枯水期的电导率最高,丰水期最低。浑河沈抚段水体受沿岸工业废水和生活污水的点源污染影响,流域枯水期和平水期各监测断面的综合水质均未达标;从上游到下游4项水质指标的综合水质指数增大,污染逐渐加重,主要污染指标为COD和NH_3-N。     

水轮机微机调速器选型

提出选择水轮机微机调速器需要考虑的因素,对微机调速器的关键部件PLC、PCCI、PC 3种微机控制器和电液伺服阀、比例伺服阀、电机3种转换装置的性能进行了分析比较。     

卸荷对花岗岩残积黏性土抗剪强度的影响分析

以广州地区花岗岩残积黏性土为研究对象,通过击样法制备特定含水量试样,在不同压力下进行固结加、卸荷抗剪强度试验。对比分析试验数据,研究加、卸荷状态下花岗岩残积黏性土的抗剪强度变化,探寻应力历史对抗剪强度指标的影响,并得出相应结论。总体而言,土体的应力历史对其强度指标影响较大,由于土体卸荷路径不同,土体的卸荷抗剪强度也随之不同。残积土卸荷抗剪强度理论要比加荷土体复杂,在卸荷工程土体设计中应该采用卸荷抗剪强度指标。     

一起母线电压降低导致保护动作的实例分析

电压降低直接影响到电气设备的正常工作，还会使得系统电流增大导致电流继电器启动，从而保护动作。对小浪底一起母线电压降低导致保护动作实例进行分析研究，以引起对电压管理的重视，从而确保机组、电网的安全运行。     

柳树坪水电站水轮机导水机构安装调整

介绍了柳树坪电站与常规方法不同的安装水轮机导水机构的过程和间隙调整、偏差纠正方法等。     

糯扎渡水电站泄洪洞弧形闸门安装质量控制

糯扎渡水电站泄洪洞工作弧门有动水启闭和局部开启运行要求,闸门设常规和冲压水封（全关工况冲压水封止水）。监理工程师对闸门安装前的准备工作进行了逐一检查,分析了影响闸门整体安装质量的关键工序,确定了支铰大梁和支铰安装是弧形闸门安装的质量关键点;左右固定支铰轴孔的同心度、钢梁的倾斜度、左右支铰到孔口中心线距离、支铰轴孔中心连线到底水中心线的距离、二期混凝土浇筑导致的变形是安装质量控制重点。闸门安装完成后,经过调试和试运行,安装质量达到了较高水平。对整个安装过程作了详细介绍,可为同类工程参考。