引黄河向白洋淀补水效益分析

保持白洋淀的水生态,对于华北地区的生态环境和社会经济发展有重大意义。白洋淀的反复干淀,引起了各级领导和广大群众的关注,要求水利部门从根本上扭转这种局面,建立保持白洋淀水生态的长效机制。2006—2009年从黄河调水保证了白洋淀水生态环境的持续健康,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

以人为本保引水务实创新铸辉煌-临西县水务局引黄补淀工作纪实

“华北明珠”白洋淀是华北地区最大淡水湖．在河北平原乃至华北地区的生态环境中起着举足轻重的作用。1983年到1988年．白洋淀曾连续5年干淀。使淀内水生态系统遭受了毁灭性破坏。近10年来．全省降雨量也持续偏少．致使太行山区、白洋淀上游的大中型水库蓄水不足．白洋淀补水无源。实施多年的跨流域调水工程一引黄补淀工程解决了白洋淀...     

黄河干流水生态系统结构特征沿程变化及其健康评价

根据2008年黄河干流刘家峡以下河段水生态调查资料,分析了黄河干流水生态系统理化性状和生物群落结构的沿程变化。参照20世纪50和80年代水生态调查资料,对比了黄河干流水生态系统几十年来的变化情况,并分析了变化的原因。通过建立黄河水生态系统健康评价指标,对黄河干流各河段的水生态系统健康状况进行了评价,揭示了黄河水生态系统的现实状况。研究结果表明:由于自然和人类活动影响的差异,黄河干流水生态系统结构特征沿程分布差异比较大;2008年黄河干流水生态状况与20世纪50、80年代相比,除底栖动物外,其它生物种类和数量均下降明显;黄河水生态系统健康状况不容乐观,干流大部分河段生态系统的结构和功能发生了较大的变化,部分生态功能丧失。     

白洋淀浮游生物群落结构的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系

浮游生物是水生态系统的重要组成部分,由于其对水环境状况的敏感性常被用来作为水环境优劣的指示生物。为研究白洋淀浮游生物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2018年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)和秋季(10月)分别对白洋淀淀区5个采样点的浮游生物及环境因子进行调查分析,并采用Pearson相关性分析法分析白洋淀浮游生物群落结构变化和主要环境因子的相互关系。结果表明:根据TP、NH_3-N、COD_(Mn)、TN等水质参数浓度值进行水体质量评价,白洋淀水体夏季为Ⅴ类水,春季和秋季为Ⅳ类水。白洋淀研究区域共检出浮游植物6门74种,浮游动物3门22种。白洋淀浮游生物的群落结构季节间变化显著,两类浮游生物夏季丰度均达到最大值。浮游植物春、夏季以蓝藻门和绿藻门占绝对优势,秋季则出现硅藻门、裸藻门、甲藻门和隐藻门等优势类群。浮游动物在各个季节均以轮虫为优势类群。根据浮游生物群落特征指数进行水质类别分析,白洋淀在不同季节大部分指数显示为中污染。浮游生物多样性指数反映的水质污染状况与理化因子水质评价结果与季节变化趋势相对一致。浮游植物多样性指数与TP、COD_(Mn)和DO的相关性较大,浮游动物多样性指数与COD_(Mn)、NH_3-N和TN相关性较大。     

黄河干流水生态系统结构特征沿程变化及健康评价

根据2008年在黄河干流刘家峡以下河段水生态调查资料，分析了黄河干流水生态系统理化性状和生物群落结构的沿程变化；参照20世纪50和80年代水生态调查资料，对比分析了黄河干流水生态系统几十年来的变化情况，并分析了变化的原因；建立黄河水生态系统健康评价指标，对黄河干流各河段的水生态系统健康状况进行了评价，揭示了黄河水生态系的真实状况。研究结果表明：（1）由于自然和人类活动影响的差异，黄河干流水生态系统结构特征沿程分布差异比较大；（2）2008年黄河干流水生态状况与20世纪50、80年代相比，除底栖动物外，其它生物种类和数量均下降明显。（3）黄河水生态系统健康状况不容乐观，干流大部分河段生态系统的结构和功能发生了较大的变化，部分生态功能丧失。     

水生态系统生产总值核算体系及应用

在系统梳理生态系统服务功能及生态系统生产总值核算方法的基础上,聚焦水生态系统,选取2004—2021年相关文献进行统计分析,筛选出水生态系统生产总值核算的3大类14项指标,建立了水生态系统生产总值核算体系,给出了各指标的核算方法及计算公式。以向家坝水电站为例,基于水生态系统生产总值核算体系,评估了向家坝水电站建设对水生态系统生产总值的影响。结果表明,2011—2015年向家坝水电站水生态系统生产总值变化量为261.189 3亿元,其中物质产品价值变化量为111.494 0亿元,调节服务价值变化量为84.815 1亿元,文化服务价值变化量为64.880 2亿元。     

基于GA-灰色波形预测模型的白洋淀天然入淀水量

白洋淀天然入淀水量在长期的时间序列上有着丰、枯水期交替演化的规律,灰色波形模型适用于这一规律发展趋势的研究。通过遗传算法(GA)对灰色一阶模型(GM(1,1))的迭代基值α与背景值系数β进行优化,利用遗传算法收敛效率高,选择范围广的优点,建立了以GA-GM(1,1)群为基础的GA-灰色波形模型,对白洋淀天然入淀水量趋势进行研究。最终得出结论:GA-灰色波形模型不仅在信息序列的拟合上明显优于传统灰色波形模型,且GA-灰色波形模型能更好的抓住信息序列发展特点,更为准确的预测白洋淀天然入淀水量演化规律。说明用GA-灰色波形模型进行白洋淀天然入淀水量研究是可行的,也为研究湖泊水资源量变化提供了一种新思路。     

基于GA2灰色波形预测模型的白洋淀天然入淀水量任旺,徐国宾

白洋淀天然入淀水量在长期的时间序列上有着丰、枯水期交替演化的规律,灰色波形模型适用于这一规律发展趋势的研究。通过遗传算法(GA)对灰色一阶模型(GM(1,1))的迭代基值A与背景值系数B进行优化,利用遗传算法收敛效率高,选择范围广的优点,建立了以GA2GM(1,1)群为基础的GA2灰色波形模型,对白洋淀天然入淀水量趋势进行研究。最终得出结论:GA2灰色波形模型不仅在信息序列的拟合上明显优于传统灰色波形模型,且GA2灰色波形模型能更好的抓住信息序列发展特点,更为准确的预测白洋淀天然入淀水量演化规律。说明用GA2灰色波形模型进行白洋淀天然入淀水量研究是可行的,也为研究湖泊水资源量变化提供了一种新思路。     

浙江省丽水市瓯江水生态系统保护与修复

介绍浙江省丽水市瓯江水生态系统现状,根据瓯江水生态系统保护与修复的目标,提出瓯江水生态系统保护与修复的措施：对土地利用进行分级控制,构建水生态系统安全格局,编制瓯江水生态系统的保护与修复总体规划,分段实施水生态系统保护与修复,开展瓯江水生态系统保护与修复的制度与机制建设。此外,总结了瓯江水生态系统保护与修复工作的成效与存在问题。     

白洋淀生态水位过程调控初探

白洋淀水位调控是恢复淀区水面面积、保护白洋淀生态系统健康稳定的主要手段。通过分析白洋淀历史水位变化规律,综合考虑白洋淀水安全、水资源、水环境、水生态等功能定位,提出白洋淀生态水位过程调控目标,核算不同来水情景不同水位调控目标下的生态需水量,提出未来不同情景的外调水补水量建议,为白洋淀生态补水过程决策以及生态环境保护提供科学依据。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. II. Distribution and abundance of trichoptera

River regulation in the headwaters and middle reaches of the Gunnison River, Colorado, significantly altered distributions and abundances of Trichoptera fauna. Twenty-five species were collected from mainstream samples, with the greatest species richness occurring at an unregulated, rhithron segment above the central reach dams. At sites immediately below the three hypolimnial-release dams and a reregulation dam, species richness was reduced 35–90 per cent and abundance > 95 per cent. Net-spinning caddisflies were the dominant trichopterans at unregulated sites; Arctopsyche grandis in the upper reaches (218 organisms, 586 mg dry mass m^?2) and Hydropsyche cockerelli, H. occidentalis and Cheumatopsyche pettiti in the lower river (9041 total organisms, 6621 mg m^?2), downstream from the last dam. The observed distributional pattern of low trichopteran densities in dam tailwaters and high hydropsychid densities at sites 60–80 km below the central reach dams is a classic expression of continuum resets and adjustments in response to stream regulation as predicted by the Serial Discontinuity Concept.     

Surveying for Water Resources

Abstract

A professional Land Surveyor (Geomatician) describes the Hydrogeologists' survey requirements of a major water resources assessment for the government of The Sultanate of Oman (1992 to 1996). The need for objective specifications is stated. Specialist terms like geoid, spheroid, Mean Sea Level are explained and how to relate spheroidal levels to the geoid. Methods like traditional survey, satellite survey, and photogrammetry are introduced. The paper encourages coordinated working for the benefit of water resource assessment and recommends employment of the professional land surveyor for major studies.     

库水波动下库岸边坡地下水浸润线解析解及误差分析

解析法是库岸边坡地下水浸润线计算中便于实际应用的方法,但该方法须基于若干假定并对潜水运动基本方程线性化后才能求解。针对各假定和线性化过程建立不同的地下水渗流数学模型,用解析法和有限元法解答上述数学模型,分析各误差大小及其规律。结果表明：库岸垂直处理带来的误差要小于方程线性化处理和不考虑非饱和渗流带来的误差,而且它们都随渗透系数变大而减小;在三峡库区库水调度情况下,假定库水位等速变化带来的误差对大多岸坡而言可以忽略;计算库岸边坡地下水浸润线时,解析法只适用于水位变化幅度相比含水层厚度较小,且几何边界规则、岩土结构简单、岩土体渗透性较好时的情况。     

Changes in Summer Irrigated Crop Area and Water Use in Southeastern Turkey from 1993 to 2002: Implications for Current and Future Water Resources

Changes in summer irrigated cropland acreage and related water use are estimated from satellite remote sensing and ancillary data in semi-arid Southeastern Turkey where traditionally dry agricultural lands are being rapidly transformed into irrigated fields with the help of water from the Euphrates-Tigris Rivers. An image classification methodology based on thresholding of Landsat NDVI images from the peak summer period reveals that the total area of summer irrigated crops has increased three-fold (from 35,000 ha to over 100,000) in the Harran Plain between 1993 and 2002. Coupled analysis of annual irrigated crop area from remote sensing and potential evapotranspiration based estimates of irrigation water requirements for cotton indicate a corresponding increase in agricultural water use from about 370 million cubic meters to over one billion cubic meters, a volume in accordance with the state estimates. These estimates have important implications for understanding the rapid changes in current agricultural withdrawals in Southeastern Turkey and form a quantitative basis for exploring the changes in future water demands in the region. For example, expansion of irrigated lands have led to a steady decrease in potential evaporation due to increased roughness and decreased humidity deficit in the Harran Plain. Assuming that the changes in future evaporation conditions will be of similar nature, water use for irrigation is expected to decrease over 40 percent in future irrigation sites. Incorporating this decrease in overall planning of the irrigation projects currently under construction should lead to improved management, and by extension, sustainability of water resources in the region.     

The Impact of Economic Development on Water Pollution: Trends and Policy Actions in Malaysia

The paper examines the impact of development activities on water pollution in Malaysia. Hence, the main objective of this paper is not just to examine the trends of development-induced water pollution around the region of the country but to know where the problems are and the policy measures taken by the government. It evaluates the probable causative relationship between problems introduced due to technology employed in water pollution control and governmental policy measures. It examines the relationship between development indicators as sources of pollution and polluted rivers over a period of 12 years. The findings of the paper have shown that despite the policy enforcement actions against the identified sources of water pollution, all the three development indicators (chosen based on those identified sources) still accounted for high percentage of river pollution in Malaysia. The findings of the paper were used to identify the central fact of the location of the problem. Some crucial conclusions of where the problems likely to be, as reflected in the findings, are: (a) the issue of interactive-effects between pollutants that many policy-makers are not aware of. This is when policy measures concentrate only on one source of water pollution; (b) the enforcement strength and/or effectiveness of policy measures themselves; (c) financial constraints to invest in appropriate technology especially sewerage systems for controlling human source of water pollution in the country; as well as those confronting small polluting industries (d) finally, lack of cooperation between government and private business firms to comply with regulatory policies for water pollution control.     

浅淡溢洪道改扩建方案与选择

溢洪道改扩建和进行溢洪道方案布置，要择优选取溢洪道进口型式、防冲消能工，以使其工程量省、施工快、运行管理方便     

Intangible Flood Damage Quantification

Flooding is a natural disaster that may cause tremendous tangibleand intangible damage to the national economy. The tangible damage assessment, i.e. the monetary value of all direct and indirect physical damages, has already been studied, whileintangible damages have not yet been taken into account. Thisarticle, therefore, is the first systematic attempt to assess bothtangible and intangible damages. The new proposed Anxiety-Productivity and Income Interrelationgship Approach (API) has been developed to quantify the intangible damage in monetary terms. The Bangkok area has been selected as the research area because several severe flood events have occurredthere over the last two decades. The 1983 Bangkok flood caused 6600 million baht in damage, according to estimates by the National Statistical Office (NSO). This article examines the totalflood damage (including the intangible damage) at different flood magnitudes. Case studies with and without flood mitigation projects are studied and compared. Furthermore, thisarticle also discusses the improvements over the conventional approach offered by the new API methodology.