镀锌层无铬彩色钝化剂的研究

通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了一种无铬彩色钝化剂中不同组分(包括硫酸亚铈、柠檬酸钠和硝酸钴)用量对钝化膜外观与耐蚀性的影响,得到较优的钝化剂配方为:硫酸亚铈50 g/L,柠檬酸钠15 g/L,硝酸钴20 g/L。采用最优配方在pH 1.5和温度20~30℃的条件下对镀锌层处理15 s,所得钝化膜平整、均匀,呈光亮的彩虹色。该钝化膜可通过24 h的中性盐雾腐蚀试验。     

热镀锌钢绞线防自锈三价铬钝化工艺

介绍了一种双组分三价铬钝化剂,组分A中含460g/L水性丙烯酸环氧树脂,组分B含250g/L CrCl3和25 g/L NaNO3.提出了基于该钝化剂的热镀锌钢绞线在线连续钝化生产工艺.钝化后的热镀锌钢绞线在中性盐雾试验(采用质量分数为5%的NaCl水溶液),96 h无白锈出现,其耐蚀性是无钝化热镀锌钢绞线的24倍.该工艺绿色环保,达到了热镀锌层防白锈的目的.     

镀锌层高耐蚀彩钝工艺

采用正交实验确定了镀锌钝化最佳工艺配方为14g/LCrO3,5g/L辅助钝化剂MH,5g/L HNO3,7g/L ZnSO4,0.7g/L KMnO4.研究了各工艺参数对钝化膜的影响.该钝化液性能稳定,使用寿命长;膜层为彩虹色,耐蚀性好.醋酸铅（ρ=50g/L）点滴实验氰化镀锌钝化层出现黑点的时间为98 s;NaCl（w=3%）溶液中浸泡,出现白锈时间为37 h;中性盐雾实验出现白锈时间在140 h以上。     

新型氯化钾镀锌三价铬钝化剂和膜层耐蚀性

通过测定Tafel极化曲线、交流阻抗谱和进行盐雾试验,研究了新型三价铬彩色钝化剂SF-571和蓝白钝化剂SF-572对镀锌层耐蚀性能的影响,并与进口钝化剂进行对比。氯化钾镀锌工艺为:KCl200g/L,ZnCl250g/L,H3BO335g/L,柔软剂30mL/L,光亮剂1.5mL/L,25°C,25min,电流密度2A/dm2。电化学分析表明,所有镀锌层钝化膜在1%NaCl溶液中均存在钝化现象,采用自制钝化剂SF-571和SF-572所得膜层的耐腐蚀性能达到或优于用进口钝化剂所得膜层。对比膜层的表面形貌可知,自制钝化剂钝化所得膜层表面更平整、致密。     

镀锌层高耐蚀性三价铬彩色钝化工艺研究

采用正交试验法对镀锌层三价铬彩色钝化液组分进行了优化,研究了工艺参数对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。所得的最佳工艺条件为:20g/L氯化铬,7g/L硝酸钠,3g/L硫酸镍,8g/L醋酸,6g/L铵盐配位剂,温度25～35°C,pH2.5～3.0,时间50～60s。该工艺能获得外观艳丽、光亮、颜色均匀、附着力良好的膜层,其中性盐雾试验出白锈时间大于144h。     

锈蚀输电线路铁塔的漆前处理

研究了一种用于锈蚀镀锌钢板表面的磷化处理剂。通过正交实验和单因素实验获得了最佳配方:200 mL/L磷酸,60 mL乙醇,3.0 mL/L OP-10,1.0 g/L氧化锌,1.5 g/L螯合剂,2.5 g/L硝酸镍,2.5 g/L硝酸锰,1.0 g/L氯酸钠,2.0 g/L氟化钠。该磷化液能把锈层直接转化为保护膜,同时磷化锌层,所得的磷化膜耐硫酸铜点滴试验2~3 m in,NaC l浸泡试验超过15 h,附着力≤1。耐蚀性能实验48 h,漆膜无起泡、脱落和锈蚀现象。膜重:锈蚀板14~24 g/m2,热镀锌板5~8 g/m2。室内挂片试验6个月无返锈。该磷化液适用于锈蚀钢材、泛锈蚀镀锌钢材和完好锌层钢材。     

四酸型镀锌层军绿色钝化工艺

提出了一种镀锌层四酸型军绿色钝化工艺。研究了钝化液中4种酸的含量和钝化时间对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。确定最佳工艺条件为:CrO36g/L,H3PO42mL/L,H2SO42mL/L,H3NO33mL/L,温度25℃,pH1.5,钝化时间100s。所得钝化膜为光亮的军绿色,耐蚀性较镀锌层好。     

碳钢化学镀镍层无铬钝化工艺的研究

化学镀镍层通常采用铬酸盐进行钝化。钝化液中含有六价铬,废水处理成本很高。以镀层的耐硝酸变色时间为评价指标,根据钝化成膜理论,分别以VIB族元素的三种常见化合物——重铬酸钾、钼酸钠、钨酸钠为钝化剂,考察其钝化作用。然后,在选定的无铬钝化液中分别添加两种有机物质——植酸和二乙醇胺,考察用其钝化处理后镀层的耐硝酸变色时间。最后,将钼酸钠、植酸和二乙醇胺进行复配,并设计正交试验优化无铬钝化液的组成,并与传统铬酸盐钝化液的效果进行对比。结果表明:采用钼酸钠25g/L、植酸2.5mL/L、二乙醇胺3.0mL/L所组成的无铬钝化液对碳钢化学镀镍层进行钝化,耐硝酸变色时间可大幅提升至404s,与传统铬酸盐钝化的耐硝酸变色时间(416s)很接近。     

镀锡钢板钼酸盐钝化膜的耐蚀性能

采用硫酸铜点滴试验和电化学测试方法,研究了在钼酸盐溶液中加入植酸和添加剂对镀锡钢板钝化膜的影响。结果表明,采用钼酸钠10 g/L、磷酸5 mL/L、植酸5 g/L和添加剂1.5 g/L,能够获得具有高耐蚀性能的钝化膜。     

促进剂对钢铁常温磷化的影响及机理

采用锌系磷化工艺对钢铁表面进行防护,以提高钢铁表面耐蚀性及与涂层的结合力。以磷化膜外观及耐蚀性为考察指标,通过单因素实验考察了常温锌系磷化液中硝酸铜、柠檬酸、氟化钠、硝酸镍和钼酸钠5种促进剂对磷化的影响。结果表明,各促进剂对磷化膜外观及耐蚀性均有明显的促进作用,其适宜质量浓度为:0.08 g/L硝酸铜,2 g/L柠檬酸,1.2 g/L氟化钠,15 g/L硝酸镍,2 g/L钼酸钠,并探讨了促进剂的磷化作用机理。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。