旋流式直立微滤膜器流场数值模拟及试验研究

采用RNG κ-ε模型对旋转横流管式微滤膜器流场进行了数值模拟,得出了膜器环隙内流场分布规律。与激光粒子成像测速系统PIV实测结果进行了比较,并以Delphi及Access 2000作为软件开发工具,研制了高精度的计算机控制的在线膜器环隙压力测试系统。实测了旋转横流膜器环隙内的压力分布规律,模拟计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

旋转管式微滤器中流体流动对过滤通量的影响

为讨论膜器环隙内流体流动对过滤通量的影响，运用了纳维—斯托克斯方程、连续性方程、达西定律等，并结合稳定性理论，分别对主流体为去离子水和悬浮液的情况下环隙内流体的运动规律进行了分析。对于主流体为去离子水的情况，建立了过滤通量与膜器进出口压力降的关系，并与Belfort的实验数据进行了比较。结果证明当主流体为去离子水时(即无滤饼生成的理想情况下)，流体旋转所产生的离心力对微滤推动力有削弱作用，当内膜管转速较小时，流体流动方式对过滤通量几乎无影响。对于悬浮液，由内膜管旋转所形成的剪切力对减少滤饼形成的作用甚微，而Taylor涡的形成是强化微滤的主要原因。最后提出了内膜管旋转管式膜器优化设计的新思想。     

关于中药水提液的粘度特征及其与膜通量的相关性初步研究

研究中药水提液的粘度对无机陶瓷膜微滤中药水提液膜通量的影响及中药水提液在微滤前后粘度变化规律。制备约200种中药（单味及复方）水提液为实验体系,在温度、压力、膜面流速恒定的条件下分别过0．2μmZrO2无机陶瓷膜,测定不同中药水提液的膜稳定通量及微滤前原液、微滤后渗透液、截留液的粘度,并用SPSS对它们的相关性进行分析。结果表明中药水提液的粘度与膜稳定通量有很大的相关性,微滤后渗透液的粘度减小且不同水提液粘度差异性变小,截留液粘度增大、且截留液粘度、粘度变化率与原液粘度呈高度显著线形相关。粘度是影响无机陶瓷膜微滤中药水提液膜通量的关键因素,在中药膜污染的防治过程中可通过提取路线的设计或对药液进行预处理降低药液的粘度从而提高膜通量,减少膜污染。     

外旋流管式微滤膜器压力场分布规律的实验研究

外旋流膜器是一种新型微滤装置,采用高精度动态压力测量仪,以清水和5种浓度的SiO2悬浮液为介质流体,选用PA膜管,首次对其中的压力场进行了测试研究,得到了环隙剖面压力沿径、轴向的分布规律,以及操作压力和颗粒浓度对流场压力的影响规律,分析实验结果后提出膜器最大有效长度(Lmax)的概念,并得出实验条件下的最佳操作压力范围。研究结果可用于外旋流膜器结构设计和选择操作参数。     

旋转管式膜分离器流场测试

采用理论和实验结合的方法系统地研究了旋转管式膜分离器内的流场特征.理论部分讨论了膜器内流体运动的稳定性,得出无轴向流和渗透流时Taylor涡的流线以及有轴向流和渗透流时临界Taylor数的表达式.实验部分采用激光粒子成像测速系统(PIV)对膜器环隙间的流场进行实测,分别测试了无轴向流和渗透流、有轴向流而无渗透流、轴向流和渗透流同时存在时膜器环隙间的流场.最后分析了环隙子午面流体的轴向和径向速度分布,理论和实验结果一致.     

无机陶瓷膜微滤分离凹凸棒土悬浆液

以凹凸棒土悬浆液为研究对象,考察多通道无机陶瓷膜对黏土类矿物的微滤分离过程。系统地考察了无机膜孔径、操作压力、操作温度、错流速度、悬浆液质量浓度及溶液pH值等参数对微滤过程的影响。研究结果表明:微滤渗透通量随操作压力、操作温度、错流速度及悬浆液质量浓度的增加而增大,且随着溶液pH值的变化通量存在最大值。确定了适宜操作条件为:膜孔径0.8μm,操作压力0.10—0.15 MPa,操作温度298—303 K,膜面流速1.0 m/s,悬浆液质量浓度1.0 g/L,pH值2。通过对膜阻力的分析,确定了微滤分离过程中膜污染阻力大小顺序依次为Rm>Rb>Rc。研究结果为凹凸棒土悬浆液的分离与回收提供了有效的基础数据。     

旋转流强化膜过滤的研究与应用

通过流场测定 ,探明了旋转流膜过滤器内的流态全貌 ,为认识旋转流强化膜过滤的机理与膜器设计提供了理论依据。建立了旋转流膜微滤通量数学模型 ,探明了渗透通量的三个主要影响因素。应用研究证明 ,此种膜器是一种结构不复杂、通量大、分离质量好、能量利用率高的新颖膜器结构 ,其应用前景十分宽广。     

炭膜处理印染废水的影响因素

用不同孔径的酚醛树脂基管状微滤炭膜，对两种模拟染料废水溶液进行处理，考察了膜孔径、原料液浓度、测试压力和测试时间对截留率和膜通量的影响。实验结果表明，微滤炭膜对模拟染料废水有较好的处理效果，截留率和膜通量受膜孔径及操作条件的影响。     

混凝对微滤膜处理阴极电泳漆废水的影响

采用直接微滤和混凝-微滤两种工艺对阴极电泳漆废水进行处理.结果表明:混凝预处理减轻了膜污染,提高了膜的渗透通量;当膜面流速为4m/s,跨膜压差为0.10MPa,温度为30℃时,稳定通量从直接微滤的47.8L/(m2·h)提高到264.2L/(m2·h),远高于超滤膜的通量.与原水直接微滤相比,混凝-微滤组合工艺改善了出...     

运用kε模型模拟计算膜管内的二维湍流流动

运用k ε模型成功地建立了适用于微滤、超滤管式膜湍流流动的数学模型。对所建数学模型进行离散化处理,壁面条件采用了壁面函数法,在此基础上编制了模拟计算程序。用该模型模拟计算了不同渗透通量下管内二维速度分布和压强分布,模型的可行性和可靠性获得了验证。模型的建立为模拟计算膜管内的传质分离过程和预测通量奠定了基础。     

旋转流管式微滤膜的流场探测及分离性能研究

利用水力旋流器原理采用切向进料使膜器环隙产生旋转流,为探明旋转流场的特征,应用PIV(粒子图像测速技术)测试系统进行了实测,结果表明环隙中存在起强化过滤作用的类Taylor涡。在此基础上对旋转流场进行了过滤分离实验,以探讨旋转流场中的进料方式、悬浮液质量分数和操作压力对过滤的影响。研究发现由于存在旋转流和二次涡流的剪切强化作用使得在相同工况下旋转流过滤的稳定通量达到普通轴向流的4—10倍,这表明旋转流过滤是一种有效的膜过滤强化方法之一,由此为进一步探讨旋转流膜过滤强化机理,减少浓差极化和膜污染提供实验依据。     

旋转管式膜分离器环隙间速度和流线数值模拟

了解旋转管式膜分离器内的流体流动对干了解其分离机理甚为重要。论文首先介绍了膜分离器的结构,得出定常流动时膜分离器环隙间流体切向速度表达式和分布曲线;然后建立了流体运动Ｎ－Ｓ方程,采用摄动法和贝塞尔函数方法,得出流动失稳时内筒的临界转速,导出环隙间流体径向速度和流线的近似表达式,当内筒转速超过临界转速时,环隙间将生成Ｔａｙｏｒ涡,最后,绘制了环隙间径向速度分布曲线和Ｔａｙｌｏｒ涡流线。     

Test of flow field on the annular meridian plane in a tubular membrane separator with rotary tangential flow

Enhancement of membrane microfiltration by rotary tangential flow is a new technique, which is based on the hydrocyclone mechanism. It improved the structure of the general membrane separator and the form of the liquid suspension flowing into the separator, so as to increase membrane fluxes and decrease membrane fouling. In our research, a tubular membrane separator with rotary tangential flow was designed for the first time. The flow field characteristics of polypropylene tubular membrane microfiltration in this tubular separator were studied systematically by means of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) test. Streamlines and velocity distributions of the meridian plane of the separator under different operating parameters were obtained. The velocity distribution characteristics of rotary circular tangential flow were analyzed quantitatively with the following conclusions being obtained:

• (1) In the non‐vortex area, no matter how the operating parameters (flux, entry pressure) change, the velocity near the rotary tangential flow entrance is higher than the velocity far from the entrance at the same radial coordinates. In the vortex area, generally the flow velocity of the inner vortex is lower than that of the outer vortex. At the vortex center, the velocity is the lowest, the radial velocity being generally equal to zero. In the vortex zone, the radial velocity is less than the axial velocity.
• (2) Under test conditions, the radial velocity and the axial velocity of the vortexes' borders are 1–2 times the average axial velocity in the annular gap of the membrane module. The maximum radial velocity and axial velocity of Taylor vortexes are 2–5 times the average axial velocity in the annular gap of the membrane module.
• (3) In the vortexes that formed on the meridian plane, it was found that mass transfer occurred between the inner and outer parts of the fluid. Much fluid moved from the outer vortexes into the inner ones, which was able to prevent particles blocking the membrane tube.

Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Study on the Flow Field inside the Microfiltration Separator with Rotary Tubular Membrane

Abstract

By using a new type of laser surveying instrument named particle image velocimetry (PIV), the flow field inside a rotary tubular membrane separator with a rotating inner tubular microfiltration membrane and a transparent outer cylinder was measured experimentally, and from which some new observations were resulted. Pairs of stable Taylor vortices with similar dimensions and opposite flowing directions were directly visualized by the measured streamlines and vorticity of flow field in the annular gap of the membrane separator. No matter how the axial Reynolds number, radial Reynolds number and Taylor number changed, the dimensions of the Taylor vortices and the distances between the centers of adjacent Taylor vortices were almost the same, but the shapes of the Taylor vortices at lower Taylor numbers were more regular than those at higher Taylor numbers. The Taylor vortices disappeared because of the turbulence when the Taylor number was too high. The maximum axial velocity near the membrane surface was about 20 times larger than the mean velocity of axial flow inside the annular gap, and the maximum outward radial velocity near the membrane surface was even about 3000 times larger than the average velocity of the radial permeating flow through the tubular microfiltration membrane. The large velocities near the membrane surface, which were due to the Taylor vortices, could prevent solid fine particles from depositing onto the membrane surface and/or entering into the membrane pores and therefore result in reduced concentration polarization and reduced membrane fouling. The results in this study provided some valuable guidelines on the hydrodynamic way to reduce membrane fouling.     

用动态旋叶压滤机澄清菠萝汁的实验研究

动态过滤技术与膜技术相结合是目前固液分离领域的研究热点。采用澄清剂法澄清菠萝汁,存在缺陷。本文在动态旋叶压滤机中,研究了无机Ni膜和聚砜膜用于菠萝汁澄清过程的过滤特性。研究表明,无机Ni膜和聚砜膜澄清菠萝汁的膜通量分别是按指数和乘幂关系衰减的;果汁浓度和剪切速度的交互作用对膜通量有较大影响;无机Ni膜的通量显著高于聚砜膜的通量(3￣4倍),且无机Ni膜的稳定过滤时间比聚砜膜的稳定过滤时间长得多。     

无机陶瓷膜澄清食醋工艺研究

为了除去老陈醋中的细菌和沉淀物,采用无机陶瓷膜对含有菌体和沉淀物的老陈醋进行过滤实验研究。通过研究无机陶瓷膜平均孔径、跨膜压差、膜面流速、操作温度、料液浓缩比、流动状态等操作条件对老陈醋过滤效果的影响,确定了适宜的工艺分离条件:膜孔径100 nm、室温(30℃以下)、跨膜压差0.14 MPa、雷诺数5 000、膜面流速2.0 m/s、最大浓缩倍数为9。在适宜的工艺分离条件下,平均通量可达40 L/(m2.h);过滤后食醋的理化和卫生指标均符合国家标准,且放置2年后无沉淀现象。因此,采用无机陶瓷膜澄清食醋在技术上是完全可行的方法。