卷烟纸燃烧调节剂对卷烟燃烧性能的影响

卷烟纸直接参与卷烟的燃烧,将直接影响着卷烟的燃烧性能。卷烟纸燃烧调节剂分为助燃剂、阻燃剂和灰分调节剂,是卷烟纸中的主要添加剂,影响盘纸的燃烧速度和灰分进而影响到卷烟的主、侧流烟气。文章综述了燃烧调节剂对燃烧速度,主、侧流烟气和灰分的影响,助剂对卷烟抽吸品质的影响,国内外对侧流烟气和灰分的研究进展。重点介绍了助剂在降低焦油、CO含量和侧流烟气中的作用。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱在烟草化学中的应用概况

简要综述了电感耦合等离子体质谱技术及其特点,重点介绍电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在烟草及卷烟烟丝、卷烟主侧流烟气和烟用辅料中有害元素、痕量或超痕量重金属分析上的应用,并展望了电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在烟草化学领域的发展前景。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱在卷烟烟气分析中的应用

简要综述了电感耦合等离子体质谱技术及其特点,重点介绍电感耦合等离子体质谱技术在卷烟主流烟气和卷烟侧流烟气中痕量或超痕量有害元素分析上的应用,并展望了电感耦合等离子体质谱在卷烟烟气分析领域的发展前景。     

色谱法分析烟草生物碱及其代谢物的研究进展

介绍了近10多a来烟碱的分析测定情况,归纳整理了国内外主要杂志报道的有关烟草、卷烟及其烟气、头发、血液、尿等中烟草生物碱及其代谢物的色谱分析方法,并对烟草生物碱及其代谢物的色谱分析方法及其发展前景进行了评述。     

降低卷烟主流烟气一氧化碳释放量的研究进展

一氧化碳(CO)是卷烟主流烟气中的有害物质之一,降低烟气中的CO对提高卷烟安全性至关重要。卷烟使用的滤嘴、烟丝(烟草薄片)和卷烟纸是影响卷烟主流烟气中CO的释放量的三个决定性因素。文章即从这三个方面介绍当前降低卷烟主流烟气一氧化碳的研究进展,并就此做了相关展望。     

影响卷烟烟气TPM测定的两大主要因素

分别在不同抽吸容量、气流速度的测试条件下,测定卷烟烟气总粒相物（即TPM）,并探讨了抽吸容量、气流速度因素与卷烟烟气中TPM的关系。实验结果表明,这两大因素均对卷烟烟气TPM的测定产生重要影响。     

非挥发性有机酸与卷烟主流烟气总粒相物pH关系研究

以国内具有代表性的卷烟为研究对象,分别对卷烟样品的非挥发性有机酸含量和卷烟主流烟气粒相物pH进行了测定,通过数学分析研究了非挥发性有机酸含量对烟气粒相物pH的影响.主流烟气粒相物pH值评价指标与有机酸的关联分析结果表明,苹果酸、十五酸、油酸对主流烟气粒相物pH值相对影响较大.对影响主流烟气粒相物pH值的11种非挥发性有机酸的主成分分析结果表明,亚油酸,油酸,苹果酸,棕榈酸,草酸和亚麻酸对主流烟气粒相物pH值相对影响较大.综上可得,苹果酸和油酸对主流烟气粒相物pH值具有较大影响.     

主成分分析法在卷烟质量评价中的应用

文章以SPSS软件为工具,运用主成分分析法对15个牌号的卷烟质量进行了评价。结果表明：（1）按累积贡献率≥85%的标准,筛选出化学成分因子、感官质量因子、烟气成分因子共3个主成分,其对变异的累积贡献率达94.37%。（2）不同牌号卷烟的综合评价得分差异明显,其中A,B,C三个牌号的卷烟质量高于其他牌号的卷烟,而M,N,O三个牌号的卷烟质量得分则低于其他牌号的卷烟质量得分。     

卷烟纸特性对卷烟燃烧及主流烟气中CO释放量的影响

为考察卷烟纸特性对卷烟燃烧及主流烟气中CO释放量的影响,采用不同特性(透气度、定量、助燃剂含量)的卷烟纸卷制卷烟,测定卷烟燃烧温度和主流烟气中的CO释放量,并分析主流烟气中CO释放量与温度积分和最高抽吸温度的相关性,结果表明:主流烟气CO释放量与温度积分显著相关,与卷烟最高抽吸温度有一定相关或不相关。     

超高效液相色谱快速测定卷烟主流烟气中酚类化合物的研究

以卷烟主流烟气中酚类化合物的快速分析为内容,参照现有标准分析方法YC/T255-2008,研究了色谱条件由高效液相色谱(HPLC)变为超高效液相色谱(UPLC)的转换方法,建立了卷烟主流烟气中酚类化合物的UPLC快速分析方法。讨论了UPLC在实际应用中所遇到的问题及优缺点,为UPLC的应用开发提供参考。     

Size and Generation Rate of Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Particles

Sidestream cigarette smoke generated using an automatic smoking machine (SEM-II) and Kentucky 2R1 reference cigarettes was analyzed for particle generation rate and size distribution. Part of the sidestream smoke was sampled with an Andersen Cascade Impactor, following dilution with about 29 to 54 liters/min of laboratory air. The remaining sidestream smoke was further diluted 1,000-fold with vapor phase from filtered sidestream smoke before analysis with an Electrical Aerosol Analyzer and Condensation Nuclei Counter. The smoking parameters of primary dilution ratio and puff pressure were varied in the experiments. The number median diameter of sidestream cigarette smoke was about 0.10 μm, and the mass median diameter was typically 0.16 μm, about half the size of fresh mainstream smoke. Additionally, the size distribution of sidestream smoke was significantly broader than that of mainstream smoke. The particle generation rate of sidestream smoke depended on smoking conditions and varied from 1.4 × 10⁹ to 3.9 × 10⁹ particles/s. The equivalent total particulate matter of sidestream smoke based on the Electrical Aerosol Analyzer measurements varied from 1.3 to 2.3 mg/cigarette, whereas it was 6.0 to 9.6 mg/cigarette based on the Andersen Cascade determinations. Reasons for these differences are not definitive at this time.     

The Effects of Mainstream and Sidestream Environmental Tobacco Smoke Composition for Enhanced Condensational Droplet Growth by Water Vapor

Although tobacco smoke is well known for its adverse health effects, the hygroscopicity and droplet growth properties of the aerosol have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, cigarette smoke is further characterized and several state-of-art analysis techniques are applied to understand the effects of particle chemistry and hygroscopicity for enhanced condensational growth (ECG) by water vapor and wet particle deposition. Low nicotine (LN) and ultra-low nicotine (ULN) research cigarettes are tested with a Walton Smoking Machine (WSM); mainstream and sidestream environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are produced. Online and offline analysis are combined to analyze the smoke. More than 99% of the mainstream and sidestream ETS mass is semivolatile aerosol and nonelemental carbon, of which more than 95% is organic. The water-soluble organic comprises 30-85% of the aerosol mass fraction and has no effect on surface tension when dissolved in water. The oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C) and nitrogen-to-carbon ratio (N/C) from High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS or HR-AMS) data show that more oxidized components are present in mainstream smoke. Differences in the bulk aerosol composition have little effect on the overall water uptake. The two types of cigarettes produce aerosols of similar hygroscopicity (with single hygroscopicity parameter, κ ～0.15 or less) in mainstream and sidestream smoke. Droplets grow at the same rate within the instrument. However, ULN reference cigarettes that produce dry particles at larger sizes are more likely to experience ECG.

Copyright 2012 American Association for Aerosol Research     

非邻苯酯类增塑剂在卷烟中的转移行为

为研究非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂在卷烟主流烟气的转移行为,将12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂添加到卷烟烟丝中,利用剑桥滤片捕集卷烟主流烟气,剑桥滤片和烟蒂分别经二氯甲烷萃取后,使用GC/MS/SIM分析各非邻苯酯类增塑剂在主流烟气的转移率和烟蒂的截留率。结果表明:12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂在主流烟气的转移率在7.86%～15.11%之间;12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂在烟蒂中的截留率在18.65%～36.54%之间;非邻苯酯类增塑剂在烟蒂中的截留率明显高于在主流烟气中的转移率,其中己二酸二乙酯在主流烟气中的转移率最低,而在烟蒂中截留率最高。     

13X分子筛对烟气中低分子醛酮的选择性吸附研究

为降低卷烟烟气中有害成分低分子醛酮化合物的含量和研究X型分子筛在卷烟减害中的应用,将13X型分子筛添加到卷烟嘴棒中,分析其对主流烟气中八种低分子醛酮化合物含量的影响。结果显示13X分子筛对低分子醛酮有明显的脱除作用。通过进一步研究13X分子筛对烟气中苯酚和苯并(α)芘的吸附作用,揭示了13X分子筛对低分子醛酮的选择性吸附与其因表面静电引力优先吸附极性物质的特性以及低分子醛酮的低熔沸点密切相关。烟气三项指标分析表明,13X分子筛对烟气中的焦油和烟碱含量影响不大,这有利于保持卷烟的香气。     

主流烟气对小鼠血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量及白/球比值的影响

为探索主流烟气对小鼠血清中总蛋白(Total protein,TP)、白蛋白(Alburnin,Alb)和球蛋白(Globulin,Glo)含量以及白/球比值(A/G)的影响,本实验用全自动生化分析仪测定暴露在主流烟气中染毒1～4周雄性小鼠血清中TP和Alb的含量。结果说明,主流烟气对小鼠血清中TP、Alb和Glo含量以及白/球有显著性影响;小鼠在主流烟气中暴露染毒四周后肝脏功能受到损伤。     

温湿度平衡时间对卷烟主流烟气氢氰酸释放量影响的研究

为考察不同温湿度平衡时间对卷烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量的影响,在标准温湿度条件下,分别选择不同的平衡时间对6种卷烟样品处理后,应用连续流动分析仪对卷烟主流烟气中氢氰酸释放量进行测试,连续考察了120 d。结果表明:①平衡120 d内,卷烟样品抽吸口数没有明显变化;②平衡120 d内,不同盒标焦油量的卷烟主流烟气中HCN释放量没有明显变化;③平衡120 d内,不同类型卷烟主流烟气中HCN释放量没有明显变化。因此,在平衡120 d内对样品HCN进行测定,均能得到准确结果。