氯化铁催化合成环己酯

氯化铁(FeCl_3·6H_2O)能够代替硫酸用作酯化反应的催化剂。本文探讨了用FeCl_3·6H_2O催化合成乙酸环己酯的条件,并合成了甲酸环己酯、乙酸环己酯、丙酸环已酯和丁酸环己酯。     

合成乙酸异丁酯的催化剂研究进展

介绍了稀土金属氧化物、相转移催化剂、氨基磺酸、杂多酸、硫酸铁铵及无机盐等催化剂催化合成乙酸异丁酯的研究结果,其中氨基磺酸、杂多酸、硫酸铁铵、FeCl3·6H2O和CuCl2·2H2O的催化活性高,产品质量好。作者以硅胶负载四氯化锡为催化剂,合成乙酸异丁酯最佳反应条件为:乙酸为0.1mol,醇酸比为1.5∶1,催化剂用量为1.5g,反应时间为4h,反应温度150℃,最终转化率为93.87%。SnCl4/SiO2作为催化剂,活性高,选择性好,对设备无腐蚀,可重复使用。     

用水合磷酸铝络合物作冷凝固耐火材料的粘结剂

<正> 由水、耐火填料、水溶性磷酸铝粘结剂和低活性氧化镁凝固剂组成冷凝固耐火材料。作为粘结剂的水溶性磷酸铝络合物含有无机酸的阴离子和结晶水,无机酸的阴离子可以是卤素如氯,也可以是无机氧化酸,特别是一元氧化酸如硝酸。例如:含水络合物的实验公式相当于 A 1PO_4·HCl·(H_2O)x,x=3～5或 AIPO_4·HNO_3·xH_2O,x=3。其制备方法是用磷酸铝与氯化     

合成乙酸异戊酯的催化剂研究

综述了浓硫酸 ,NaHSO4 ·H2 O、CuSO4 、FeCl3 ·6H2 O ,磺化聚苯乙烯 ,对甲苯磺酸 ,氨基磺酸 ,固体超强酸TiO/SO4 2 -,钨锗杂多酸 ,TiSiW12 O4 0 /TiO2 等十种不同催化剂催化合成了乙酸异戊酯的实验结果。结果表明 :TiSiW12 O4 0 /TiO2 和NaHSO4 ·H2 O两种催化剂对合成乙酸异戊酯的酯收率较高 ,具有实际应用价值     

邻硝基甲苯产品开发与应用

一 前言 甲苯硝化时,工业上多采用混酸(HNO_3·H_2SO_4·H_2O混合物)作硝化剂,得到邻、间、对三种异构体,其中邻位占62%,间位占4％,对位占34%。邻和对硝基甲苯,具有多种用途,是通用性较强的染料、医药农药中间体。     

钨系杂多酸及其加合物的热分析研究

采用热重(TG)和差示扫描(DSC)热分析方法测量和研究了十二钨硅酸H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)·6H_2O、H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)·8.5H_2O及其加合物H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)·6DMF·H_2O、H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)·8DMSO·H_2O和十二钨磷酸H_3PW_(12)O_(40)·20H_2O及其加合物H_3PW_(12)O_(40)·6DMSO的热分解行为和热稳定性。     

四氯化锡/活性炭催化合成丁酸丁酯

以SnCl_4·5H_2O/C为多相催化剂,通过正丁酸和正丁醇反应合成了丁酸丁酯,并探讨了诸因素对酯化率的影响。实验表明,SnCl_4·5H_2O具有良好的催化活性,醇酸物质的量比为1.4:1,催化剂用量为反应物总量的3.0%,反应时间为1.5h,反应温度为125℃,酯化率可达98.6％。     

用BF_3·O(C_4H_9)_2代替BF_3·O(C_2H_5)_2作催化剂组份合成顺丁橡胶——Ⅰ.催化剂配比、用量的研究

关于用BF_3·O(C_4H_9)_2代替BF_3·O(C_2H_9)_2作催化剂组份[Al(i-Bu)_3和Ni(naph)_2不变]合成顺丁橡胶的优越性已有报导。为了提供适宜的催化剂配方和控制手段,我们在40立升三釜连续聚合装置上进行了实验。结果表明,采用BF_3·O(C_4H_9)_2后,催化剂配比和工艺条件对     

含水氯化镧值化合成乙酸乙酯

以LaCl_3·7H_2O为催化剂,实现了乙酸与乙醇反应合成乙酸乙酯。同时还研究了酸醇比、催化剂用量及反应时间等因素对反应的影响。     

糠醇催化剂生产流程的改进

在铜、铬、钙催化剂(由硝酸铜Cu(NO_3)_2·3H_2O、硝酸钙Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2O、铬酸铵(NH_4)_2CrO_4和氨水NH_3·H_2O制备而成存在的条件下,中压法生产中的糠醇质量好,产量高,副反应少。目前我国大多数糠醇厂仍在采用苏联五十年代援助我国时所用的那种制备糠醇催化剂的生产流程(见图1)。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。