印制板用压延铜箔镀铜粗化工艺

介绍了压延铜箔镀铜粗化工艺的工艺流程和工艺条件。讨论了粗化处理及固化处理过程中铜离子含量、硫酸含量及电流密度等因素对压延铜箔表面质量及抗剥离强度的影响。得到了适合压延铜箔的粗化条件(20g/LCu2 ,70g/L的硫酸,适量添加剂,Jk=40～50A/dm2,θ=30°C,t=3～5s)和固化条件(60～70g/LCu2 ,90～105g/L硫酸,适量添加剂,Jk=20～30A/dm2,θ=50°C,t=6～8s)。经该粗化工艺处理后的压延铜箔与印制板基板结合力良好。     

粗化工艺对电解铜箔表面铜粉的影响

研究了粗化电流密度、添加剂、硫酸含量等因素对电解铜箔表面铜粉和剥离强度的影响。结果表明:当粗化电流密度为30A/dm~2,硫酸含量为120 g/L,镍离子含量为0.5 g/L时,能有效地减少铜箔表面铜粉,保证产品质量的稳定。     

低轮廓电解铜箔制备工艺参数的优化

采用直流电沉积法制备了低轮廓电解铜箔，在仅以明胶作为添加剂的情况下研究了钛基体(阴极)表面粗糙度、电流密度、硫酸质量浓度、铜离子质量浓度、电解液温度等工艺参数对铜箔表面形貌及粗糙度的影响。确定最佳的工艺条件为：钛基体表面粗糙度(Rz)1～2μm，电流密度4.0 A/dm²，硫酸100 g/L，铜离子60 g/L，电解液温度37°C。所得铜箔表面形貌良好，粗糙度(Rz)小于1.8μm。     

粗化和固化电流密度对压延铜箔剥离强度的影响

在表面处理生产线上,先采用20 g/L Cu~(2+)+200 g/L硫酸溶液对压延铜箔粗化两次,再采用60 g/L Cu~(2+)+120 g/L硫酸溶液固化两次。研究了粗化和固化电流密度对压延铜箔剥离强度和表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明,粗化、固化电流密度分别为55 A/dm~2和45 A/dm~2时,铜箔的表面粗糙度为1.35μm,剥离强度为1.14 N/mm。     

ABS塑料表面电沉积铜工艺研究

介绍了一种ABS塑料表面电沉积铜工艺,工艺流程主要包括:表面整理,去应力,粗化,敏化,活化,化学镀铜,光亮酸性镀铜.通过平行试验得到ABS塑料上电镀铜的较佳工艺条件为:无水硫酸铜140g/L,硫酸60g/L,氯离子30mg/L,光亮剂3 mL/L,磷铜片阳极(P含量为0.03%～0.06%),温度40℃,电流密度1.5～3.0A/dm2,电镀时间5 min.扫描电镜及性能测试结果表明,所得铜镀层光亮、均匀,与塑料基体结合良好.     

电解铜箔镀锌镍钴合金及其性能

对电解铜箔的毛面电镀锌镍钴合金。镀液组成和工艺条件为:NiSO4·6H2O 15~30 g/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 5~15 g/L,CoSO4·7H2O 2~4 g/L,配位剂110~150 g/L,添加剂B 0.1~0.5 g/L,温度50~60°C,pH 8~11,电流密度2~6 A/dm2,时间3~5 s。对镀锌镍钴合金镀层的微观结构、高温抗变色性、抗拉强度、耐热性、耐蚀性等性能进行表征。结果表明,所得锌镍钴合金镀层均匀,呈暗红色,对电解铜箔抗拉强度和延伸率的影响不大。镀锌镍钴合金铜箔的耐热性和耐蚀性优于镀锌镍合金铜箔。另外,镀锌镍钴合金铜箔的高温抗变色性和蚀刻性极好,在蚀刻过程中铜箔无侧蚀现象。     

电解铜箔表面黑化工艺优化

研究了电解铜箔黑化液的锌离子、镍离子、硫氰酸钾和黑化剂含量以及工艺参数pH、温度和电流密度对黑化试样颜色、蚀刻性和耐蚀性的影响。得到较理想的电解铜箔表面处理黑化工艺为:Ni~(2+)8.0 g/L(NiSO_4·6H_2O 35.5 g/L),Zn~(2+)1.5 g/L(ZnSO_4·7H_2O 6.5 g/L),硫氰酸钾(KSCN)20~30 g/L,黑化剂10~50 mL/L,焦磷酸钾(K_4P_2O_7·3H_2O)90~200 g/L,pH=9.0~10.0,温度30~40°C,电流密度8~10 A/dm~2,时间3~6 s。     

粗化工艺对电解铜箔抗剥离强度和劣化率的影响

铜箔粗化工艺与固化工艺是铜箔表面后处理中最关键的两个环节,粗化与固化工艺的好坏直接决定铜箔的性能。根据铜箔粗化与固化工艺过程,本文研究了Cu2+浓度、电流密度、镀液温度等因素对铜箔表面形貌和抗剥离性能以及劣化率的影响,在优化后的工艺条件下制备出了抗剥离强度为1.29 N/mm,劣化率为3.01%且无侧蚀的粗化电解铜箔。     

电铸铜制备小直径薄壁回转体零件

采用3D打印的圆柱体作为芯模电铸铜,得到小直径薄壁回转体零件。配方和工艺条件为:CuSO4·5H2O 200 g/L,浓硫酸60 g/L,Cl-0.05 g/L,pH 1,温度26℃,极间距3 cm,电流密度2~8 A/dm2,阴极表面线速率3.14~12.56 mm/s。研究了电流密度和阴极表面线速率对电铸铜表面形貌和显微硬度的影响。随电流密度或阴极表面线速率增大,电铸铜的晶粒得到有效细化,组织更均匀、致密,显微硬度先增大后减小。电流密度为4A/dm2,阴极表面线速率为9.42 mm/s时,电铸铜的表面形貌最好,显微硬度最高,所得回转体零件表面光滑、平整,厚度均匀。     

新型内层铜箔棕化处理液的研制

开发了一种新型内层铜箔CS-2203棕化液,其组成(以体积分数表示)和工艺条件为:质量分数为50%的硫酸3.5%~4.5%,质量分数为35%的双氧水4.5%~5.5%,CS-2203棕化剂2.2%~3.2%,时间50~60 s,温度30~40°C。CS-2203棕化剂的组成为:98%(质量分数)硫酸90~120 g/L,30%(质量分数)双氧水10~25 g/L,改性苯并三唑50~100 g/L,聚酸酰胺80~100 g/L,稳定剂B 0.5~1.0 g/L,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯微量。对CS-2203棕化膜的热应力性能、抗剥强度、表面形貌等进行表征。结果表明,新型CS-2203棕化液处理所得棕化膜可显著促进铜表面与粘结片之间的结合,抗热冲击性能良好,抗剥离强度高,综合性能满足客户的要求。该工艺流程简单,适用性广,成本低。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。