电石法乙炔生产中电石单耗的影响因素分析

针对当前PVC行业产能过剩,降低成本和追求利润的最大化成为各企业关注的重点的现状,本文对电石法乙炔生产中电石粒度、发生器温度、乙炔气的损耗流失等对电石单耗的影响形式进行了详细分析,并概括和总结了一些降低电石单耗的措施。     

PVC生产中电石消耗的降低

介绍了电石法PVC生产中降低电石单耗的措施,包括加强电石生产和运输过程管理、新建电石大料仓、回收电石灰、回收蒸发冷凝系统和洗涤系统水中夹带的乙炔等.     

PVC生产中降低电石单耗的措施

为降低PVC生产电石单耗,采取了多项改造措施,包括氮气密闭循环输送电石灰、电石渣浆回收乙炔、废次氯酸钠回收乙炔及加料程序自动化改造等。介绍了改造的具体方案及实施效果,此外还简要介绍了生产管理方面的细节措施。     

电石路线氯乙烯生产技术新进展

探讨了在电石法PVC生产中从电石生产、乙炔发生、乙炔清净、电石渣浆清液循环、电石渣浆中乙炔回收、乙炔脱水、氯乙烯合成一直到氯乙烯脱水干燥这一系列生产过程中的技术新进展情况,指出我国电石法PVC已不再是“低水平建设”。探讨了生产工艺中还须改进之处。     

乙炔生产中降低电石单耗的方法

通过加强电石库管理并改进乙炔发生工艺,将生产PVC的电石单耗从1.42 t降低到1.36 t,降低了生产成本,增强了产品的市场竞争力。     

电石乙炔化工产品概述

本文概述了从电石乙炔生产的基础化工产品和乙炔特殊化学品及衍生物，强调了发展电石乙炔化工的意义。     

电石渣浆和废次氯酸钠乙炔回收技术的应用

介绍了电石渣浆和废次氯酸钠乙炔回收技术的应用情况,其主要原理是通过脱气塔将电石渣浆和废次氯酸钠中的乙炔脱吸出来,经冷凝除水后得到体积分数92％以上的乙炔.废次氯酸钠经脱气后,由凉水塔降温后送至配制岗位回用.该技术能降低乙炔生产的电石单耗,减少废水排放并节约工业水,具有一定的经济效益和环保效益.     

电石在发生器中反应的影响因素分析与改进措施

根据电石在乙炔发生器中的反应机理,结合生产实践对电石的加料、在发生器中的反应、发生器的搅拌转速以及排渣等工艺指标和操作方法进行了合理的调整,提高了不同品种电石的发气量,降低了电石单耗。     

齐化集团电石法生产PVC树脂的成本控制

介绍了齐化集团聚氯乙烯分厂采用电石法生产PVC树脂的成本控制措施：①加强电石管理,严格控制电石单耗指标;②加强对原辅材料气的控制;③技术改造对成本的控制;④产量及其他因素对成本的控制。这些措施实施后生产1t PVC树脂的电石单耗达到了1．38t、VCM单耗达到了1．067t。     

PVC生产中电石单耗的控制措施

通过采取加强电石库管理、改进发生器加料方式、增加乙炔回收装置、严格控制原料气配比、回收聚合工序废水及废气中的氯乙烯等措施,使PVC生产的电石单耗从1.42 t降至1.36 t,有效降低了生产成本。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Approximation of temperature dependence of the modulus of elasticity of glass

A refined nonlinear value of the main parameter of a material, i.e., the elongation modulus versus the instant temperature value, was suggested for introduction into the computational algorithm of tempering stresses.