二次萃取蒸馏法从烟草中提取天然烟碱

烟草中的烟碱用石灰水浸提。在ｐＨ＝１１的条件下,经三氯乙烯二次萃取,常压蒸馏获得烟碱粗品。再在压力为４０～６５ｋＰａ,温度为１６０～１７０℃条件下,减压蒸馏获得天然烟碱,产品含量可达９８％以上,收率达６８７％。     

烟碱的快速分析

研究了甲基橙与烟碱的显色反应,并将其应用于直接测定烟气中的烟碱含量,获得了较好的效果。方法的标准偏差为０．０２７,变异系数为０．７７％。     

水基金属油污清洗剂的研制

研制的ｐＨ值范围为９４～１０９、ＨＬＢ值范围为９０～１２４的弱碱性水基金属油污清洗剂主要成分（质量分数）是６０％～６６％Ｋ４Ｐ２Ｏ７,３５％～５０％Ｎａ２Ｂ４Ｏ７,６．０％～８．１％非离子表面活性剂,４０％～６０％阴离子表面活性剂,５０％～９０％与水相混溶的有机溶剂及微量有机缓蚀剂。该清洗剂能有效地清洗任何金属表面的油污,尤其适合清洗铝及其合金的表面,清洗率可达９９０％,腐蚀率几乎为零。最佳清洗温度为６０℃左右,最佳清洗时间为２０ｍｉｎ左右。     

α-糠硫醇及其羧酸酯的合成与香气特征

等摩尔α 糠醇与硫脲在１８％盐酸中于５０～６０℃反应,放置过夜后碱性水解４ｈ,得α 糠硫醇,收率为６０％。在００５ｍｏｌ４ 二甲氨基吡啶和０５５ｍｏｌ粉末状无水碳酸氢钠存在下,充分搅拌下０５ｍｏｌα 糠硫醇与０５ｍｏｌ酸酐在３００ｍｌ甲苯中回流脱水,分别合成了α 糠硫醇的乙酸酯、丙酸酯、丁酸酯、戊酸酯和己酸酯,各酯的收率依次为８８３％、９００％、８９０％、８６０％和８２０％。上述５个酯的香气特征为水果香型。     

高效液相色谱法测定甲萘威及其游离酚

研究了用反相ＨＰＬＣ测定甲萘威及其游离酚的方法。该方法的标准偏差为：甲萘威：０１９;１ 萘酚：０００１６;２ 萘酚：００００５,回收率为：甲萘威：９８３９％～１０１８２％;游离酚：９７８２％～１００．１５％。     

钴盐用量对橡胶与钢丝帘线粘合性能的影响

对硼酰化钴ＭＣ２３（钴质量分数为２３％）用量（０６～１６份）对橡胶与钢丝帘线粘合性能的影响进行研究。采用的基本配方为：ＮＲ１０００；炭黑Ｎ３２６６２０；芳烃油８０；氧化锌９０；硬脂酸０５；防老剂４０２０２０；不溶性硫黄ＩＳ７０２０６０；促进剂ＤＺ１０；粘合剂ＲＳ３５；粘合剂Ａ２３；沉淀法白炭黑５０。结果表明，随着钴盐用量的增大，在未老化、热空气老化及盐水老化条件下，胶料与钢丝的粘合强度有所提高；在湿热老化条件下，粘合强度由于热量和湿气的交互作用而发生较大幅度的下降，但钴盐用量在１０份时粘合强度的下降为最小。综合胶料初始和老化后的应力应变性能和粘合强度，以１０份钴盐用量为最佳。     

40%氰·莠水悬剂的分析

采用反相高效液相色谱法,以甲醇＋ 水＝ ６５ ＋ ３５（ｖ／ｖ） 为流动相,以呋喃酚为内标物,紫外检测器对氰草津和莠去津水悬剂进行分离和测定。结果表明：氰草津和莠去津含量测定的精密度的标准偏差分别为：０３８ 、０２５ ;变异系数分别为：２０１ ％ 、１３８ ％ , 回收率分别为：９８９ ％ ～９９５ ％ 、９９７ ％ ～１０２０ ％ ;线性相关系数分别为０９９９４７ 、０９９９１４     

矿渣沸腾冷却器的工艺设计

矿渣沸腾冷却器是一种流化床冷却设备,可以与沸腾炉本体相连,也可以作为一个独立设备设置在沸腾炉排渣口一侧的下方。沸腾冷却器的床层面积应为沸腾炉床层面积的５％～１０％;床层高度应略低于沸腾炉床层高度;流化用空气量一般为沸腾焙烧全部空气用量的３５％～１０％;使用冷却水箱时总传热系数,对浮选矿为００９～０１１ｋＷ／（ｍ２·℃）,对于混合矿为０１１～０１３ｋＷ／（ｍ２·℃）;使用冷却水管时总传热系数,对浮选矿为０１７６～０２１ｋＷ／（ｍ２·℃）,对于混合矿为０２０～０２４ｋＷ／（ｍ２·℃）;冷却元件传热面积影响矿渣冷却后温度,设计时,应遵循矿渣冷却后温度服从传热面积的原则。     

蓖麻油型聚氨酯胶粘剂粘合性能的研究

探讨了预聚体合成时二元醇质量分数及胶粘剂配制时—ＮＣＯ／—ＯＨ摩尔比和催化剂（有机锡类）质量分数对蓖麻油型聚氨酯胶粘剂粘合性能的影响。结果表明,预聚体合成时二元醇质量分数为０７０及胶粘剂配制时—ＮＣＯ／—ＯＨ摩尔比为１３时,催化剂质量分数为０００６～０００８和—ＮＣＯ／—ＯＨ摩尔比为１４时,催化剂质量分数为０００４～０００６,胶粘剂的粘合性能最佳;胶粘剂配制时—ＮＣＯ／—ＯＨ摩尔比增大,胶粘剂的粘合性能提高;蓖麻油型聚氨酯胶粘剂的耐水性较好     

水性聚氨酯填充树脂的研制

对水性聚氨酯填充树脂的合成进行了初步探讨。讨论了聚氨酯相对分子质量和乳液粒径等对其性能的影响,指出了对本体系最佳条件为：相对分子质量为４０００～６０００,乳液粒径００５～０１μｍ,粘度（６～８）×１０－４Ｐａ·ｓ（２５℃）,含固量２３％～２５％,ｐＨ值７５～８０。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清中基质金属蛋白酶-2的表达

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征与血清基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的相关性。方法应用酶图(SDS-PAGE en-zymograph)和Western blot方法检测50名急性冠脉综合征患者(27名ST段抬高急性心肌梗塞患者和23名不稳定性心绞痛患者)、20名稳定性心绞痛患者及40名正常对照者的血清MMP-2水平。结果急性心肌梗塞组血清MMP-2水平明显高于不稳定性心绞痛组;急性心肌梗塞组及不稳定性心绞痛组血清MMP-2水平明显高于正常对照组;稳定性心绞痛组与正常对照组差异无显著意义;急性心肌梗塞组及不稳定性心绞痛组血清MMP-2水平高于稳定性心绞痛组。结论急性冠脉综合征患者血清MMP-2水平明显升高,其水平可能与冠状动脉斑块的稳定性相关。     

纳米SiO2填充LLDPE复合材料耐热性的研究

采用DSC方法研究了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)填充线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)的熔融特性。结果表明：填充LLDPE的高温熔融峰峰值温度Tm2变化不大，低温熔融峰温Tml则随着纳米SiO2用量的增加明显向低温偏移，显示出纳米粒子的异相成核作用；在纳米SiO2用量相同的情况下，与表面未处理SiO2及经表面偶联剂处理纳米SiO2填充体系相比较，加有大分子相容剂的体系的Tml和Tm2均有所下降，同时熔融峰宽化；填充LLDPE的热变形温度HDT和软化温度Tg均随纳米SiO2用量的增加而提高；与表面未处理填充体系相比，硅烷偶联剂处理纳米SiO2填充体系的HDT有所上升，加有大分子相容剂的体系的HDT上升则更为明显。     

PP／超细CaCO3／LMPE体系的流变性质

研究了低分子聚乙烯处理的超细碳酸钙填充聚丙烯体系的流变性质,结果表明,填充体系的熔体粘度对低分子聚乙烯的用量和碳酸钙的含量有明显的依赖性,但当碳酸钙与低分子聚乙烯的质量比为某一特定值时,其熔体粘度与体系中碳酸钙的含量无关。该体系的熔体流动行为不能用幂律模型描述,但它却能较好地服从修正的Casson万程。     

Correlation of side chain mobility with cholesterol retention by phospholipid vesicles

Multilamellar vesicles were prepared from choline phospholipids with various fatty acyl chains, singly and in mixtures, with and without cholesterol. Mobility of acyl side chains for each type of vesicle was measured by fluorescence polarization with diphenylhexatriene, and the amounts of cholesterol and phospholipid retained by them after extraction with a nonpolar solvent were determined. The data suggest that structures of acyl chains determine the extractability of cholesterol. Phosphatidylcholines with unsaturated or short saturated side chains above transition temperature retain less cholesterol upon extraction with petroleum ether than phosphatidylcholines with saturated side chains below transition temperature. Correlation of cholesterol retention with side chain mobility showed that cholesterol is more easily removed from vesicles with mobile acyl side chains than from vesicles with rigid side chains. The presence of cholesterol also alters extractability of phospholipids from vesicles and suggests that sterol affects the polarity rather than spacing of headgroups on vesicle surfaces.     

玻璃纤维增强酚醛摩阻材料

针对玻璃纤维增强酚醛摩阻材料存在的问题，研究分析了不同类型玻纤维增强酚醛树脂、玻纤增强橡胶改性酚醛树脂、下纤增强三聚氰胺腰果壳油改性酚醛树以及混杂纤维增强酚醛树脂摩阻材料的性能，并对摩阻复合材料的发展提出建议。     

Specific determination of malonaldehyde by N-methyl-2-phenylindole or thiobarbituric acid

Reactivity of a commercially available test kit (LPO-586), based on N-methyl-2-phenylindole, toward aldehydes was characterized and compared with that of thiobarbituric acid (TBA). In hydrochloric acid, LPO-586 produced a violet pigment with malonaldehyde (MA) but not with other tested aldehydes. In methane sulfonic acid, LPO-586 produced the violet pigment with MA and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), but not with other tested aldehydes. Pigment formation with MA was not inhibited by other aldehydes, but that with HNE was inhibited by alka-2,4-dienals. TBA produced a red pigment with MA but not with other tested aldehydes in hydrochloric acid or in acetate with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Both the LPO-586 test in hydrochloric acid and the TBA test in hydrochloric acid or in acetate with EDTA can be used for specific measurement of MA in oxidized lipid samples.     

纳米流体热管启动过程的试验研究

对Al2O3-水、CuO-水和SiO2-水3种纳米流体热管进行测试,给出了这3种纳米流体热管启动过程的温度分布,并与水热管进行比较。结果表明,纳米流体热管启动方式为均匀启动;与水热管相比,其加热段启动温度降低,启动时间缩短;加热段和冷凝段的温差相比水热管降低了2~5℃;加热段长度对其启动过程影响较小。     

环保型粘合剂XCB-2在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体胶中的应用

研究环保型橡胶粘合剂XCB-2在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎体胶中的应用,并与间苯二酚和间苯二酚-甲醛树脂(以下简称间甲树脂)进行对比。结果表明:分别采用粘合剂XCB-2和间苯二酚-80等量替代间甲树脂,采用粘合剂XCB-2的胶料加工安全性最好,采用间甲树脂的胶料次之,采用间苯二酚-80的胶料最差;采用粘合剂XCB-2的胶料硫化速率与采用间甲树脂的胶料相当,均低于采用间苯二酚-80的胶料;采用粘合剂XCB-2的胶料物理性能和与钢丝帘线的粘合性能比采用间甲树脂的胶料略好;采用粘合剂XCB-2的胶料工艺性能良好,成本降低。     

Photoinitiated surface grafting of synthetic fibers,IV. Applications of textile dyes onto surface-photografted synthetic fibers

High-strength polyethylene (HSPE), polypropylene (PP), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) textile yarns have been surface-photografted with various functional monomers, such as acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), glycidyl acrylate (GA) and 4-vinyl pyridine (VP), by means of the continuous presoaking process developed. The dyeing of these surface-modified yarns with various textile dyes has been investigated. In general, considerable improvements of dyeability have been observed. The dye adsorption of the surface-photografted fibers is influenced by many factors, such as type of fiber, amount and properties of the functional monomer grafted on the surface of the fibers, type of textile dye, etc. The fibers surface-grafted with a monomer containing basic groups, such as acrylamide and 4-vinyl pyridine, are efficiently dyed with an acid dye. Conversely, a fiber surface-grafted with acidic functional monomer is easily dyed to deep shades with basic dyes. The dye adsorption increases monotonically with increasing grafting measured in ESCA spectra as relative intensities of relevant lines. The ungrafted HSPE, PP and PET fibers can be dyed to some extent with certain dyes. In the present work, the dye adsorption increased by 3.4 times for HSPE fiber grafted with GA and dyed with the metal complex dye IO, by 7.9 times for PP fiber grafted with AA and dyed with the basic dye MB, by 6.1 times for PET with AM and with the direct dye SL, and by about 15.3 times for PVA with VP and with the acid dye TE.     

A new route to functional polymers: Synthesis of functional polymer-supported esters from a weak acid ion exchange resin

Treatment of Amberlite IRC-50, a weak acid cation exchange resin containing methacrylic acid residues, with tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide or benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide gives the corresponding polymer-supported quaternary ammonium salts. These react smoothly, in nucleophilic substitution reactions, with a range of alkyl halides or sulfonates to give side chain esters with saturated hydrocarbon groups, with quaternary ammonium or sulfonate salt groups, with halide or alcohol groups at the terminus of spacer chains, with 1,2-diol groups, with acetylenic groups or with anthracene residues. These polymer-supported species have a variety of potential applications.