铝为还原剂反应合成ZnO晶体

用微米ZnO粉为原料,添加Al还原剂,采用还原法在不同基体上沉积合成ZnO纳米晶体材料,研究了不同沉积基体对反应合成ZnO晶体形貌的影响,用XRD、SEM和EDS分析了产物的物相组成与显微形貌。研究结果表明,采用硅基片可沉积大量的棒状与梳状ZnO晶体。棒状ZnO直径约30~80nm,长约2~10μm。梳状ZnO是由一些液滴状ZnO生长在棒状ZnO上形成的,液滴状ZnO高约350nm,直径约150nm。碳纤维上生长了许多毛绒绒的ZnO晶体。这些ZnO晶体主要呈片状与针状。片状尺寸厚度约50nm,长约0.5μm左右。针状ZnO晶体直径约60nm,长约1~2μm左右。石墨片上沉积细小的六棱柱ZnO晶体,边长约60nm,长度约200nm。     

针状ZnO的纳米纤维素诱导制备及光催化性能

以纳米纤维素（NCC）为形貌诱导剂,乙酸锌为反应前驱物,采用水热法合成针状ZnO。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDS）对ZnO的形貌、微观结构、结晶特性进行了表征,并探讨了其形成机理及光催化降解性能。结果表明水热条件下,NCC能诱导ZnO在其表面沉积和生长,可形成直径260nm、长度10μm的针状结构,诱导制备的针状ZnO室温下2h内对孔雀绿的紫外光降解效率为88.5%。针状ZnO在光催化剂等领域具有潜在应用价值。     

一维ZnO晶须的制备与生长机理

以Zn粉为原料,采用气固反应方法制备出两种一维ZnO晶须:ZnO纳米线和ZnO短晶须。用XRD、SEM等分析手段对ZnO晶须的结构和形貌进行研究,并分析了两种ZnO晶须的生长机理。     

一种替代含铅助熔剂制备大尺寸氧化锌晶须方法的研究

以工业氧化锌(ZnO)粉为原料,助剂以四钛酸钾(K_2Ti_4O_9)为主,采用助熔剂法制备大尺寸针状ZnO晶须,并对其生长条件及影响因素进行了研究。主要采用X粉末衍射仪,能谱仪和超景深显微镜机等分析手段对ZnO晶须的结构和形貌进行了表征并进行了简单的探讨。结果表明,当物料配比为C∶ZnO(5%Na_2B_4O_9·10H_2O)∶K_2Ti_4-O_9=0.60g∶0.50g∶3.00g,其中K_2Ti_4O_9粒径为10目,反应温度为900℃,恒温时间120min,坩埚容量30mL时,便得到纯度高、颜色白、形貌均一、针体长度约20mm的ZnO晶须。     

一种替代含铅助熔剂制备大尺寸氧化锌晶须方法的研究

以工业氧化锌(ZnO)粉为原料,助剂以四钛酸钾(K_2Ti_4O_9)为主,采用助熔剂法制备大尺寸针状ZnO晶须,并对其生长条件及影响因素进行了研究。主要采用X粉末衍射仪,能谱仪和超景深显微镜机等分析手段对ZnO晶须的结构和形貌进行了表征并进行了简单的探讨。结果表明,当物料配比为C∶ZnO(5%Na_2B_4O_9·10H_2O)∶K_2Ti_4-O_9=0.60g∶0.50g∶3.00g,其中K_2Ti_4O_9粒径为10目,反应温度为900℃,恒温时间120min,坩埚容量30mL时,便得到纯度高、颜色白、形貌均一、针体长度约20mm的ZnO晶须。     

一维ZnO晶须的制备与生长机理

以Zn粉为原料，采用气固反应方法制备出两种一维ZnO晶须：ZnO纳米线和ZnO短晶须。用XRD、SEM等分析手段对ZnO晶须的结构和形貌进行研究，并分析了两种ZnO晶须的生长机理。     

邛崃高岭土熔盐法制备莫来石晶须

莫来石晶须为针状的莫来石单晶,其力学性能优于多晶莫来石,是一种优异的复合材料增韧补强剂。研究了以四川邛崃高岭土为原料,采用熔盐法制备莫来石晶须;利用XRD、SEM和XRF等手段对合成晶须的相组成和形貌进行了表征;高龄土、硫酸铝和硫酸钠的质量比例为1:4:5,在900℃煅烧2h制备了平均直径为100nm、长径比约为30的莫来石晶须。     

四针状氧化锌晶须的制备

用锌粉氧化的方法，通过控制反应器内的气相过饱和度，可以获得不同尺度的四针状氧化锌晶须（T－ZnOW)。合成出的ZnO的晶须纯度高，晶体结构完整，晶须尺度可控（针长为10-60μm，根部尺寸约为1-6μm）。晶须的生长机理为气－固（VS）机理。     

液相制备ZnO晶须实验研究

在高碱度条件下,以液相-恒温陈化法制备出了形貌较好、纯度较高的ZnO晶须。用X射线衍射分析方法和扫描电子显微镜分别对其结构和形貌进行了表征。     

草酸盐法制备纳米硼酸镁晶须研究

以MgCl2·6H2O、H3BO3和H2C2O4·2H2O为原料,利用草酸盐法制备出形貌良好的纳米硼酸镁晶须,其长度300 ～ 500 nm,直径60 ～ 100 nm,探讨了制备硼酸镁晶须的最佳工艺条件,分析了Mg2B2O5的生长过程中H2C2O4的作用.同时采用高温固相法,以NaCl为助熔剂,制备出长度10 ～ 35 μm,直径1～2 μm针状硼酸镁晶须.通过对比发现,用H2C2O4·2H2O代替NaCl作为添加剂,可以降低煅烧温度,同时大大缩短了煅烧时间,制备得到的晶须更为纯净、长度直径可达到纳米级别.     

不同醇溶剂中氧化锌纳米晶的可控制备

采用液相直接沉淀法,以醋酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,在醇溶剂体系中成功制备出不同形貌的ZnO纳米晶,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)等检测方法对样品进行表征.结果表明,制备的ZnO均为六方纤锌矿结构,形貌受到溶剂种类、反应温度和反应时间等因素影响;在乙醇溶剂中,通过反应温度和反应时间控制可得到分散均匀、形貌均一纳米颗粒或纳米棒,并对不同形貌ZnO的生长机理进行了初步讨论.     

DC-field-induced synthesis of ZnO nanowhiskers in water-in-oil microemulsions

ZnO nanowhiskers were successfully fabricated using DC-field induced water-in-oil microemulsions method. Phase structure, morphology and microstructure of the product were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Parameters in preparation process such as electric field intensity and surfactant were discussed and the product formation mechanism was studied. XRD and TEM results showed that the obtained ZnO particle was hexagonal wurtzite-type with 1-3 nm in diameter and 20-70 nm in length, and morphology of the particles was shown to be correlated not only with the electric field intensity but also with the surfactant. There was a threshold when the electric field intensity was 80 V/mm. The morphology of the particles was basically spherical before the threshold, while L/D increased with the raise of electric field intensity. ZnO nanowhiskers were obtained under mixed surfactants but spherical particles were got with a single surfactant.     

ZnO纳米棒水热法生长与表征

采用两步法在FTO导电玻璃衬底上制备ZnO纳米棒,首先利用浸渍-提拉法在FTO导电玻璃衬底上制备ZnO晶种层,然后把有ZnO晶种层的FTO衬底放入盛有生长溶液的反应釜中利用水热法制备ZnO纳米棒.研究了生长溶液的浓度、生长温度和生长时间对所制备的对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微结构和光致发光性能的影响,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光致发光谱(PL)研究了ZnO样品的结构、形貌和光学性质.实验结果表明:所制备的ZnO纳米棒呈现六方纤锌矿结构,沿(002)晶面择优取向生长,纳米棒的平均直径约为100 nm,长度约为2.5 μm.所制备的ZnO纳米棒在390 nm附近具有很强的紫外发光峰和在550 nm附近有较弱的宽绿光发光峰.     

高定向ZnO纳米棒阵列膜的制备及其光学性能

采用阴极恒电位沉积方法,在Zn(NO3)2溶液中,用六亚甲基四胺作为形貌控制试剂,直接在氧化铟锡玻璃衬底上制备出透明致密的ZnO纳米棒阵列膜。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能量色散谱表征了薄膜的形貌和结构,测量了ZnO纳米棒阵列膜的光学透射谱和光致发光谱。结果表明:所制备的具有c轴高度择优取向的ZnO纳米棒为高纯单晶纤锌矿结构,粒径约为200nm,膜的结晶度和表面平整度明显提高。ZnO薄膜在可见光区具有高透射率(80%)和陡峭的吸收边缘,室温光致发光谱显示,在380nm处存在一个尖锐的强紫外发射峰和在510nm处存在一宽带弱绿光发射峰。     

超声辅助均匀沉淀法由前躯体ZnS制备ZnO纳米颗粒及其表征

前躯体ZnS在超声辅助60℃的低温条件下,采用醋酸锌为锌源、硫代乙酰胺为硫源来制备,然后采用在空气中热处理前躯体ZnS的方法制备了直径约为20~40 nm的ZnO纳米颗粒。所得产物分别采用红外光谱(FTIR)、热重-差热分析(TGA-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子能谱(EDS)和荧光光谱(PL)进行表征。实验结果表明,所得产物ZnO为六方纤锌矿结构,且结晶性很好,并且随着超声时间的延长其粒径有所降低。室温PL光谱表明,样品在400~550 nm内有3个较强的荧光发射峰。     

Preparation and characterization of transparent ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites with high-UV shielding efficiency

Transparent ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites with high-UV shielding efficiency were reported in this paper. First, zinc oxide (ZnO) precursor was synthesized via the homogeneous precipitation method and ZnO nanoparticles were then made by calcination of the precursor at different temperature. The structural properties of the as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles were studied in detail using thermogravimetry (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Transparent ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites were subsequently prepared from transparent epoxy (EP-400) and as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles via in situ polymerization. Optical properties of ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites, namely visible light transparency and UV light shielding efficiency, were studied using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer. The optical properties of the as-obtained nanocomposites were shown to depend on ZnO particle size and content. The nanocomposite containing a very low content (0.07% in weight) of ZnO nanoparticles with an average particle size of 26.7 nm after calcination at 350 °C possessed the most optimal optical properties, namely high-visible light transparency and high-UV light shielding efficiency, that are desirable for many important applications.     

纳米氧化锌的室温合成及表征

文章以醋酸锌、氯化锌和氢氧化钠为原料,在室温下成功制备了氧化锌纳米晶。制备的氧化锌样品用x射线衍射仪、透射电镜、荧光光谱仪等进行表征。XRD结果表明,制备的氧化锌样品为六方纤锌矿结构且具有好的结晶度;从透射电镜照片可以看出,氧化锌颗粒分散性较好,平均粒径在6～10nm;从紫外吸收光谱可以看到,在200-380nm具有很强的紫外吸收,在400-800／lm的可见光区吸收则比较弱;在340nm的激发光下,氧化锌呈现出较好的蓝光和绿光发光效应。     

Preparation and Electric Properties of Dense Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Ceramics

This communication reports on the preparation and electric properties of dense nanocrystalline ZnO ceramics. By spark plasma sintering, nanocrystalline (∼100 nm) ZnO ceramics with a high density of 98.5% were obtained at a very low temperature of 550°C. Electric property measurement revealed a novel conduction nonlinearity in the sample sintered at 500°C. This phenomenon is due to the nanometerization of ZnO crystal and the grain boundary layer with an amorphous interfacial layer.     

Fabrication of Blanket-Like Assembled ZnO Nanowhiskers Using an Aqueous Solution

Blanket-like assembled ZnO nanowhiskers were fabricated using a freestanding ZnO nanoparticle layer by an aqueous solution deposition. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy clarified the crystalline phase, orientation, morphology, and microstructure. Thermal treatment of the zinc acetate dihydrate layer resulted in the formation and delamination of the ZnO nanoparticle layer on the glass substrate. The growth habits of ZnO crystals resulted in the growth of ZnO nanowhiskers preferentially orientated along the direction of the c -axis on the whole surface of the freestanding ZnO nanoparticle layer by heterogeneorous nucleation and growth. The hierarchical-structured blanket-like ZnO nanowhisker assemblies can be utilized for dye-sensitive solar cells and gas sensors because of their high surface-to-volume ratio.     

纳米线和纳米碗的合成及其光催化性能

采用简单的水热法合成ZnO纳米线和纳米碗,应用XRD和SEM对其结构和形貌进行表征,并以罗丹明B为模型污染物比较两种样品的光催化活性.结果表明,具有特定形貌的小尺寸纳米线具有较高的催化活性.