溶胶-凝胶包埋固定化酶的研究

介绍了溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)包埋法制备固定化酶的基本过程和影响因素,着重论述了S iO2、有机改性硅胶和有机/无机杂化硅胶三类溶胶-凝胶基质材料制备固定化酶的特性和在催化反应中的应用,对溶胶-凝胶包埋法制备高性能固定化酶的发展前景予以展望。     

金属陶瓷涂层耐蚀性影响因素的研究

研究了溶胶制备中所用催化剂种类、基体金属前处理及涂层厚度对金属陶瓷涂层耐蚀性的影响,不含ＣＩ＾－催化剂的溶胶－凝胶配方所得陶瓷涂层的耐蚀性最了,适当的前处理及适宜的涂层厚度有利于提高陶瓷涂层的耐蚀性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米尺度催化剂的研究进展

介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米尺度催化剂的基本过程和其最新研究进展。指出:将溶胶-凝胶法与其他技术相结合,从而提高纳米催化剂的稳定性,将是溶胶-凝胶法在纳米催化剂制备中的发展方向。     

溶胶-凝胶技术在高温抗氧化涂层中的应用

溶胶-凝胶法是制备涂层中最简单的技术之一.Al2O3、SiO2、ZrO2以及它们的复合涂层很容易沉积在金属和合金基体上.简单介绍了溶胶-凝胶过程的原理、工艺以及在高温抗氧化涂层中的应用,同时指出了溶胶-凝胶技术现存的一些缺点.指出今后发展重点是涂层和基材的附着力以及无开裂的涂层.     

持久疏水涂层织物的制备及其油水分离性能研究

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷（ MTES）为原料,采用溶胶 -凝胶法,在 MTES溶胶中引入端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷（ PDMS-OH）柔性疏水链段,制得聚硅氧烷凝胶,研究了柔性疏水链段对聚硅氧烷凝胶的柔韧性及疏水性的影响;采用浸渍涂覆的方法,在聚酯织物表面负载聚硅氧烷凝胶,固化后制备得到涂层织物。采用红外光谱（ FT-IR）、抗弯模量和水接触角,对聚硅氧烷凝胶及织物涂层的结构、柔韧性、疏水稳定性及其耐久性进行表征。结果表明： PDMS-OH能够大幅提高涂层织物的柔韧性和疏水性,在聚硅氧烷溶胶中,加入 0. 10 mol端羟基含量为 8. 5%的 PDMS-OH时,涂层织物的静态水接触角可达到（ 138±2）°,且具有持久的稳定性;同时,油水分离实验结果表明,制备的涂层织物可以实现以正己烷、苯和苯胺为代表的烷烃、芳香烃类等油水混合物的有效分离。     

溶胶-凝胶法固定化α-淀粉酶的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶过程,以正硅酸乙酯为前驱物,对α-淀粉酶进行了固定化。考察了两种水解催化剂盐酸、醋酸对固定化酶活性的影响,并对固定化酶的耐热性、重复使用次数等进行了测试。     

固定化Bronsted酸性离子液体催化酯化反应

设计合成了1-甲基-3-丁烷磺酸咪唑硫酸氢盐（［（n-Bu-SO₃H）MIm］［HSO₄］）、1-甲基-3-丁烷磺酸咪唑对甲苯磺酸盐（［（n-Bu-SO₃H）MIm］［p-CH₃C₆H₄SO₃］）和硫酸三乙胺（［Et₃NH］［HSO₄］）3种Bronsted酸性离子液体,考察了其催化正己酸与乙醇酯化反应的活性,分别采用浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法将活性最佳的离子液体［（n-Bu-SO₃H）MIm］［HSO₄］固定在硅胶上,对固定化离子液体催化正己酸与乙醇酯化反应的性能及重复使用性能进行了比较,并采用¹H NMR、元素分析和FTIR等方法对其进行了表征。研究结果表明：采用浸渍法A、浸渍法B和溶胶-凝胶法固定的离子液体的负载量（质量分数）分别为15.5 %、20.5 %和40.5 %,催化正己酸与乙醇酯化反应所得正己酸乙酯的产率分别为75.3%、92.6%和92.6%。但浸渍法制备的固定化离子液体不稳定,重复使用4次（浸渍法A）和8次（浸渍法B）后离子液体负载量分别下降到3.0 %和7.0 %,正己酸乙酯产率分别降为24.2%和64.5%;而采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的固定化离子液体重复使用10次后,离子液体的负载量为39.0%,流失很少,正己酸乙酯产率依然高达92.7%。将溶胶-凝胶法制备的固定化离子液体进一步应用于其他脂肪酸与乙醇的酯化反应,乙酯产率均在90.0%左右,表明采用溶胶-凝胶法是制备固定化离子液体催化剂的有效方法。     

AlPO_4催化剂的制备和表征及其在缩醛化反应中的催化性能

利用水热及溶胶-凝胶两种方法制备不同组成的AlPO4催化剂。应用XRD、NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征。试验表明催化剂结构及表面酸性与其制备方法、焙烧温度及n（P）/n（Al）比密切相关。乙醛和丙二醇的缩醛化反应表明丙二醇的转化率主要受催化剂表面弱酸度的影响。当n（P）/n（Al）为1.0,焙烧温度为400℃,用溶胶-凝胶法制备的AlPO4催化剂活性最高。     

溶胶-凝胶法固定脂肪酶的方法研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,以正硅酸乙酯为前驱物,制备了S iO2微粒,以3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷作偶联剂对S iO2微粒进行表面改性,制备了一种功能化载体3-氨基丙基硅胶。以甲醛为偶联剂,将脂肪酶固定于3-氨基丙基硅胶上。用红外光谱对产物结构进行表征,同时研究了固定化酶的性质。结果表明,氨基化硅胶交联固定化脂肪酶具有可行性,固定化酶的最适反应温度在30℃附近,且在碱性范围内其稳定性比自然酶高;当pH=7.5,其它条件相同时,自然酶的活力大于固定化酶的活力。     

NiO-MoO_3-TiO_2/Al_2O_3溶剂油脱芳烃催化剂的制备

研究了原位溶胶-凝胶镀膜法制备工艺对NiO-MoO3-TiO2/Al2O3催化剂性能的影响。实验结果表明,采用乙醇作为溶剂,通过控制pH,可有效解决孔收缩问题,制备出的催化剂中孔发达,活性组分氧化镍分布均匀。在n（Ni）/n（Ti）为3.43时,加氢后航空煤油中的芳烃含量可降至0.01%以下。引入钼后,催化剂的加氢活性和稳定性均有明显改善。     

Supported catalytic packing prepared from ceramic packing for reactive distillation of ethyl acetate

In this work, a strategy of “etching-modification filling-graft copolymerization” was proposed to load the acidic ionic polyionic liquid on the smooth ceramic surface. In this way, commercial ceramic Raschig rings were successfully transformed into the supported catalytic packing for the reactive distillation, and were further evaluated with esterification reaction of ethyl acetate by means of the fully mixed reactor, the ultrasonic destruction, the cyclic catalysis reaction and the lab-scale distillation column experiment. This catalyst coating has good adhesion with the substrate. It can withstand 24 h of ultrasound damage and shows good stability in three cycle catalytic experiments. This kind of coated catalyst has better catalytic activity than the commercial Amberlyst 15 dry. In the lab-scale reaction distillation, the supported catalyst Raschig ring can achieve a higher conversion in comparison with the tea bag catalytic packing of Amberlyst 15 dry under some conditions.     

PP塑料底材处理剂的研制及应用

以氯化聚丙烯为主要原料,制备了一种环保型的聚丙烯塑料底材表面处理剂。讨论了树脂基料、溶剂、乳化剂的选取及配比等因素对涂层附着力的影响,确定了处理剂的最佳配方。经试验测试,聚丙烯塑料表面经处理剂处理后,其涂层的附着力显著提高。     

酶反应精馏耦合技术研究进展

酶反应精馏是将酶催化反应与精馏过程进行耦合，可有效打破反应化学平衡的限制，提高酶反应转化率和选择性，是一种新型化工过程强化技术。本文分别从酶催化剂及其催化反应机制、酶催化剂装填方式、酶催化反应与精馏耦合型式、酶反应精馏耦合技术的应用案例等方面综述了酶反应精馏耦合技术的研究进展，分析表明：目前酶反应精馏耦合技术的开发尚不成熟，且与化学催化剂催化的反应精馏过程不同，酶反应精馏工艺过程开发还需考虑酶催化反应温度、底物浓度等因素对酶催化活性影响。在后续研究中，可分别从研究体系、酶的固定化技术、酶催化剂装填方式、酶反应精馏理论研究、酶反应精馏耦合工艺开发等方面开展强化研究。     

PCB用UV固化防潮涂层的研发

开发出1种在印刷电路板(PCB)上使用的UV固化防潮涂层。以改性有机硅和高效复合阻燃剂改进电绝缘性和阻燃性,所获得的产品粘附性好、固化速度快、防潮性能优良,各项指标达到国家信息产业部技术标准要求,在大型家电企业成功应用。     

Sol-Gel法制备光固化纳米复合涂料的应用性能

运用紫外光固化技术与溶胶-凝胶（Sol-Gel）法制备紫外光固化纳米复合涂料,考察了SiO2含量及有机树脂结构对涂膜性能的影响.结果表明复合涂料中纳米颗粒具有良好的分散性,并在其表面形成良好的界面结合层;纳米SiO2的加入可以改善涂膜的硬度、附着力和抗冲性能.用该方法得到的EA/PUA纳米复合涂料光固化后涂膜具有优良的综合性能.     

Investigation on catalytic distillation for ethyl acetate production with different catalytic packing structures

The catalytic packing is the core component of the catalytic distillation, and how the catalyst exists in the packing has significant influence on the process. To investigate the effect of catalyst packings on the catalytic distillation process, the classical ethyl acetate reactive distillation system was utilized, and a supported catalytic packing(SCP) was prepared in comparison with the conventional tea-bag catalytic packing(TBP). Laboratory scale experiments showed that the ethyl acetate conv...     

应用于聚丙烯塑料的水性复合涂层的制备及性能研究

为了解决聚丙烯材料上水性涂料附着力较差的技术难题,首先合成一种丙烯酸酯单体改性水性氯化聚丙烯树脂,采用该树脂制备聚丙烯塑料水性底漆,并研制配套的水性面漆和罩光清漆,制备得到成套水性复合涂层体系。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、动态光散射(DLS)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对所制备丙烯酸改性水性氯化聚丙烯树脂进行结构表征。重点考察了水性底漆的附着力、复合涂层的附着力以及复合涂层的耐热水煮性能,结果表明:水性底漆和复合涂层均表现出优异的附着力,涂层耐热水煮性能较好。最后,对水性复合涂层的性能进行测试,结果表明:复合涂层综合性能优异,在汽车内外饰及各类聚丙烯材料领域具有较大的应用前景。     

Transparent UV curable antistatic hybrid coatings on polycarbonate prepared by the sol–gel method

UV curable, hard, and transparent organic–inorganic hybrid coatings with covalent links between the inorganic and the organic networks were prepared by the sol–gel method. These hybrid coating materials were synthesised using a commercially available, acrylate end-capped polyurethane oligomeric resin, hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) as a reactive solvent, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propoxymethacrylate (MPTMS) as a coupling agent between the organic and inorganic phase, and a metal alkoxide, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The materials were applied onto polycarbonate sheets and UV cured, followed by a thermal treatment to give a transparent coating with a good adhesion and abrasion resistance. The high transmission and the thermogravimetric behaviour indicate the presence of a nanoscale hybrid composition. In a taber abrasion test, uncoated polycarbonate sheets exhibit a 48% decrease in light transmittance at 633 nm after 300 wear cycles, whereas the hybrid coating system containing 10 wt% silica shows only 10% decrease in light transmittance. For obtaining antistatic coatings, an intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP) was added to the optimised coating formulation. It is shown that the surface resistivity of the organic–inorganic hybrid coating can be reduced from 10¹⁶ to 10⁶ Ω for a high concentration of ICP in the coating formulation.     

New coating materials prepared by radiation-induced polymerization. I. Mar-resistant coating composition and properties

A mar-resistant coating system was obtained by screening combinations of silicone and vinyl compounds. It was found that binary systems, such as the γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane–glycidyl methacrylate system, were excellent not only in mar resistance but also in adhesion to base resin polymers. Haze values of these coatings, after the sand-falling test, reached less than 10%. The coating process consisted of three steps: the preparation of prepolymer, the coating to plastic surface, and the curing of the coating by heating. It was found that the prepolymerization step could be performed by irradiation very conveniently; the control of viscosity for coating application and thickness control could be possible without any gel formation. These coatings were also good in weather resistance due perhaps to the good adhesion to base resin and could be applicable to plastic spectacles, glazing materials, and a variety of other products.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备紫外光固化纳米复合涂料

以常用的环氧丙烯酸(EA)树脂为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备有机/无机紫外光固化纳米复合涂料。研究了EA树脂含量对溶胶-凝胶过程的影响;实验发现当EA树脂含量高于85%时,随着反应的进行体系会逐渐变浑浊,而EA树脂的含量低于85%时,体系始终是均一透明的。通过紫外光固化技术能够制备无干裂的完整薄膜。在EA中加入纳米SiO2可以改善涂膜的硬度、附着力和抗冲性能。