催化剂MnyCezOx/Al2O3催化氧化乙酸乙酯的性能

采用浸渍法制备了Mn基负载型催化剂,测定了它们催化氧化乙酸乙酯的活性以及水蒸气对其催化性能的影响,研究结果表明所制备的催化剂对乙酸乙酯都具有明显的催化活性,其中催化剂Mn0.8Ce0.2Ox/Al2O3催化氧化乙酸乙酯的活性最高,其T90仅为225℃。催化剂Mn0.8Ce0.2Ox/Al2O3的抗水蒸气影响的能力也要高于催化剂MnOx/Al2O3。     

稀土助剂Pr改性Cu/Zn/ZrO2合成甲醇催化剂的催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu/Zn/ZrO2催化剂,并以稀土元素镨(Pr)为助剂添加不同含量对其进行改性。通过XRD、H2-TPR、CO2-TPD等表征手段考察了稀土助剂Pr2O3的含量对Cu/Zn/ZrO2催化剂结构的影响。在固定床连续流动反应装置上考察了5种助剂含量改性的Cu/Zn/ZrO2催化剂对CO2加氢合成甲醇反应的催化性能。结果表明:加入稀土助剂后,催化剂的表面碱性明显增强,有效地促进了活性组分的分散,稳定了催化剂的活性中心。当Pr2O3的含量为3%时,Cu/Zn/ZrO2催化剂催化活性最佳。     

非贵金属改性钒钛基催化剂NH3-SCR脱硝协同控制VOCs

在钒钛基催化剂上分别负载四种非贵金属(Ce、Cu、Mn、Fe)，研究改性催化剂对中低温选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝协同挥发性有机物(VOCs)催化氧化的性能。对四种负载金属(Ce、Cu、Mn、Fe)分别进行SCR脱硝和VOCs催化氧化，发现Ce改性的催化剂在低温段具有良好的SCR脱硝活性和VOCs催化氧化性能，被认为具有良好的协同催化潜力。之后对Ce掺杂改性催化剂进行协同评价研究，发现在275～300℃的温度区间内，3V-5Ce/Ti催化剂的NO转化率和VOCs转化率可达到100%。并分别比较了SCR反应协同VOC与未协同VOC时N₂的选择性和CO₂的选择性，发现在低温段时甲苯的引入会显著降低N₂选择性，而随着温度升高，N₂O副产物的产生，N₂的选择性恢复到未引入甲苯时。同时发现协同反应时CO2的选择性有明显下降。对3V-5Ce/Ti催化剂的SEM、XRD、XPS、NH3-TPD表征说明Ce的引入不会破坏载体形貌，可以为催化剂提高更多表面氧空位，从而提高催化剂的氧化还原性能，并...     

Mn-Cu-Ce-Fe/REY系列催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原NO性能

采用正交实验设计和浸渍法制备Mn-Cu-Fe-Ce/REY催化剂。采用固定床微型反应器评价SO₂存在下催化剂在NH₃选择性催化还原NO反应中的活性,考察Mn、Cu、Fe和Ce各活性组分对催化剂活性的影响,并采用XRD、H₂-TPR和SEM等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Mn、Cu、Fe和Ce各活性组分对催化剂活性影响顺序为：Cu＞Fe＞Ce＞Mn,催化剂的氧化还原性能影响催化剂活性。     

磁性SO42-/ZrO2/Fe3O4/凹凸棒石固体酸催化剂的制备及催化性能

以凹凸棒石（palygorskite,PAL）黏土为载体,采用共沉淀法制备了SO24-/ZrO2/Fe3O4/PAL固体酸催化剂。利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、能谱和超导量子干涉仪对催化剂进行了表征,并用于催化乙酸正丁酯的反应,考察了Fe3O4、ZrO2含量和煅烧温度对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明：SO24-/ZrO2/Fe3O4/PAL固体酸催化剂具有较高的催化活性和较强的磁性能,磁性材料的引入提高了催化剂活性,对乙酸正丁酯的合成反应活性高达89.26%,使用4次后其酯化率还能达到74.53%。     

WO3/ZrO2固体酸催化果糖制备5-羟甲基糠醛的工艺研究

通过偏钨酸铵水溶液浸渍氢氧化锆制备了WO3/ZrO2固体酸催化剂,并考察其在果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛过程中的催化性能。考察了WO3负载量、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度、果糖添加量对HMF产率的影响。实验结果表明:WO3负载量为30%,以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂,120℃下反应2h时,催化剂表现出较高的反应活性,相应HMF收率为65.4%。该催化剂循环使用5次,HMF收率仍能保持62.1%。     

Ce助剂对Pt-Sn/Ce-γ-Al2O3催化剂长链烷烃（n-C16~20）脱氢反应性能的影响

采用真空浸渍法制备了不同Ce含量的Pt-Sn/Ce-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,采用X射线衍射、CO脉冲吸附、程序升温还原、热重及氨程序升温脱附等手段对催化剂进行表征,研究Ce助剂对Pt-Sn/Ce-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂结构及其催化长链烷烃(n-C_16~20)临氢脱氢反应性能的影响。结果表明,Ce的引入可以调变催化剂酸性,改变催化剂的还原性能;Pt、Sn和Ce以及载体之间产生较强的相互作用能够促进氧化铂的还原,提高铂粒子的热稳定性,抑制锡物种还原,降低催化剂积炭,有利于提高催化剂的脱氢活性及稳定性。     

Al2O3-ZrO2负载Ni2P催化剂加氢脱硫脱氮活性

采用浸渍-沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2复合氧化物,通过程序升温还原法制备Ni2P/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂。运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱技术对载体和催化剂进行表征,并以噻吩加氢脱硫、吡啶加氢脱氮反应为探针考察复合氧化物对Ni2P催化剂加氢活性的影响。结果表明,在Al2O3表面引入少量ZrO2,既保持了γ-Al2O3大比表面积的结构优势,又减少了P或Ni与Al2O3表面的接触,促进Ni2P的形成。载体中ZrO2质量分数20%的Ni2P/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂活性最高,载体焙烧温度过高会导致催化剂活性下降。     

ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体对镍基催化剂甲烷化性能的影响

采用分步浸渍法制备了不同ZrO2载量的Ni/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,利用N2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、H2程序升温脱附(H2-TPD)、程序升温氧化(TPO)等手段对催化剂的结构进行表征,并考察了其在低H2/CO比(H2/CO约为1)下CO甲烷化的催化性能。结果表明,ZrO2助剂可削弱NiO与载体Al2O3间的相互作用,抑制镍铝尖晶石的生成。适量ZrO2的引入有助于提高活性组分Ni的还原度和分散度,对催化剂的甲烷化性能有促进作用。通过分析反应后催化剂上的积炭性质,发现ZrO2的加入能有效地抑制低活性碳物种的生成,提高催化剂的抗积炭能力,从而改善催化剂的稳定性。     

用于氯苯硝化的固体超强酸催化剂的制备及性能研究

将环境友好的WO3/ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂用于氯苯液相单硝化反应,提出绿色硝化工艺路线.用共沉淀法制备WO3/ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂,通过XRD,TG-DSC,BET和NH3-TPD方法研究了催化剂制备过程中条件改变对WO3/ZrO2结构的影响,并考察了该催化剂对氯苯液相单硝化反应的催化性能.结果表明,WO3/Zr...     

Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/TiO2, Bi2O3/TiO2 and ZnMn2O4/TiO2 heterojunctions

Cu₂O/TiO₂, Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ and ZnMn₂O₄/TiO₂ heterojunctions were studied for potential applications in water decontamination technology and their capacity to induce an oxidation process under VIS light. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis showed that the junctions-based Cu₂O, Bi₂O₃ and ZnMn₂O₄ are able to absorb a large part of visible light (respectively, up to 650, 460 and 1000 nm). This fact was confirmed in the case of Cu₂O/TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ by photocatalytic experiments performed under visible light. A part of the charge recombination that can take place when both semiconductors are excited was observed when a photocatalytic experiment was performed under UV–vis illumination. Orange II, 4-hydroxybenzoic and benzamide were used as pollutants in the experiment. Photoactivity of the junctions was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate. The different phenomena that were observed in each case are discussed.     

ZrO2/SiO2- and La2O3/Al2O3-supported platinum catalysts for CH4/CO2 reforming

Surface-phase ZrO₂ on SiO₂ (SZrOs) and surface-phase La₂O₃ on Al₂O₃ (SLaOs) were prepared with various loadings of ZrO₂ and La₂O₃, characterized and used as supports for preparing Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts. CH₄/CO₂ reforming over the Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts was examined and compared with Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. CO₂ or CH₄ pulse reaction/adsorption analysis was employed to elucidate the effects of these surface-phase oxides.

The zirconia can be homogeneously dispersed on SiO₂ to form a stable surface-phase oxide. The lanthana cannot be spread well on Al₂O₃, but it forms a stable amorphous oxide with Al₂O₃. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts showed higher steady activity than did Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ by a factor of three to four. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts were also much more stable than the Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts for long stream time and for reforming temperatures above 700 °C. These findings were attributed to the activation of CO₂ adsorbed on the basic sites of SZrOs and SLaOs.     

Al_2(SO_4)_3/FeCl_3催化合成乙酸异戊酯

以冰乙酸和异戊醇为原料,Al_2(SO_4)_3/FeCl_3为催化剂,对催化合成乙酸异戊酯的条件进行研究。考察催化剂用量、乙酸与异戊醇物质的量比以及反应时间对乙酸酯化率的影响。结果表明,Al_2(SO_4)_3/FeCl_3具有良好的催化活性,在乙酸物质的量为0.1 mol、乙酸与异戊醇物质的量比为1∶4、催化剂用量1.0 g、反应时间2.0 h和带水剂环己烷用量10 m L反应条件下,重复实验3次,平均乙酸酯化率为93.50%。     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+催化合成醋酸丁酯

研究了以固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2/La3+催化剂,醋酸和正丁醇为原料合成醋酸丁酯,并考察了影响反应的因素.结果表明醇酸物质的摩尔比为1.61、催化剂用量0.6 g、带水剂甲苯7 mL、反应时间2.5 h是最适宜的反应条件,其酯化率可达96.2%.     

K_2SO_4对V_2O_5/TiO_2脱硝催化剂表面形态的影响

采用XRD和XPS对新鲜的和K2SO4掺杂的V2O5/TiO2脱硝催化剂的表面形态进行了分析。结果表明,K2SO4的掺杂未对V与Ti之间的相互作用造成显著的影响,但是引起催化剂表面V和Ti的浓度降低,V5+在催化剂表面消失。K与钒氧物种上的晶格氧发生了强烈的相互作用。     

Electrocatalyst materials for fuel cells based on the polyoxometalates—K7 or H7[(P2W17O61)Fe(H2O)] and Na12 or H12[(P2W15O56)2Fe4(H2O)2]

Free acids of the iron substituted heteropoly acids (HPA), H₇[(P₂W₁₇O₆₁)Fe^III(H₂O)] (HFe1) and H₁₈[(P₂W₁₅O₅₆)₂Fe^III₂(H₂O)₂] (HFe2) were prepared from the salts K₇[(P₂W₁₇O₆₁)Fe^III(H₂O)] (KFe1) and Na₁₂[(P₂W₁₅O₅₆)₂Fe^III₄(H₂O)₂] (NaFe4), respectively. The iron-substituted HPA were adsorbed on to XC-72 carbon based GDLs to form HPA doped GDEs after water washing with HPA loadings of ca. 1 μmol. The HPA was detected throughout the GDL by EDX. Solution electrochemistry of the free acids are reported for the first time in sulfate buffer, pH 1-3. The hydrogen oxidation reaction was catalyzed by KFe1 at 0.33 V, with an exchange current density of 38 mA/cm². Moderate activity for the oxygen reduction reaction was observed for the iron substituted HPA, which was dramatically improved by selectively removing oxygen atoms from the HPA by cycling the fuel cell cathode under N₂ followed by reoxidation to give a restructured oxide catalyst. The nanostructured oxide achieved an OCV of 0.7 V with a Tafel slope of 115 mV/decade. Cycling the same catalysts in oxygen resulted in an improved catalyst/ionomer/carbon configuration with a slightly higher Tafel slope, 128 mV/decade but a respectable current density of 100 mA/cm² at 0.2 V.     

Solid state metathesis synthesis of BaTiO3, PbTiO3, K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 and Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

A solid state metathesis approach has been applied to synthesize perovskite oxides such as BaTiO₃, PbTiO₃, K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ and Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃, these were characterized by powder XRD, IR and energy dispersive spectra (EDS). Potassium titanium oxalate and metal chlorides are used as the starting materials. X-ray analysis shows the formation of a single phase with tetragonal structure for BaTiO₃, PbTiO₃, K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ and a monoclinic structure for Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃. The Infrared spectra of these compounds show the characteristic band due to Ti–O octahedron for all the compounds. The EDS spectra show the relative ratio of the metal ions. The morphology of synthesized compounds was obtained from SEM measurements.     

New acrylic monolithic carbon molecular sieves for O2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separations

The modification of activated carbon fibres prepared from a commercial textile acrylic fibre into materials with monolithic shape using phenolic resin as binder was studied. The molecular sieving properties for the gas separations CO₂/CH₄ and O₂/N₂ were evaluated from the gas uptake volume and selectivity at 100 s contact time taken from the kinetic adsorption curves of the individual gases. The pseudo-first order rate constant was also determined by the application of the LDF model. The samples produced show high CO₂ and O₂ rates of adsorption, in the range 3-35 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹, and in most cases null or very low adsorption of CH₄ and N₂ which make them very promising samples to use in PSA systems, or similar. Although the selectivity was very high, the adsorption capacity was low in certain cases. However, the gas uptake in two samples reached 23 cm³ g⁻¹ for CO₂ and 5 cm³ g⁻¹ for O₂, which can be considered very good. The materials were heat-treated using a microwave furnace, which is a novel and more economic method, when compared with conventional furnaces, to improve the molecular sieves properties.     

Properties of char particles obtained under O2/N2 and O2/CO2 combustion environments

Pulverized coal combustion in O₂/N₂ and O₂/CO₂ environments was investigated with a drop tube furnace. Results present that the reaction rate and burn-out degree of O₂/CO₂ chars (obtained in O₂/CO₂ environments) are lower than that of O₂/N₂ chars (obtained in O₂/N₂ environments) under the same experimental condition. It indicates that a higher O₂ concentration in O₂/CO₂ environment is needed to achieve the similar combustion characteristic to that in O₂/N₂ environment. The main differences between O₂/N₂ and O₂/CO₂ chars rely on the pore structure determined by N₂ adsorption and chemical structure measured by FT-IR. For O₂/CO₂ char, the surface is thick and the pores are compact which contribute to the fragmentation reduction of particles burning in O₂/CO₂ environment. The organic functional group elimination rate from the surface of O₂/CO₂ chars is slower or delayed. The present research results might have important implications for further understanding the intrinsic kinetics of pulverized coal combustion in O₂/CO₂ environment.