氨基磺酸催化合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇

选取氨基磺酸催化合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇,通过苯甲醛与乙二醇的反应合成了苯甲醛缩乙二醇,探究了缩醛反应的反应活性,充分研究了醇醛的投料比、催化剂投入量、反应时间、带水剂用量等多个因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明:n(醇)∶n(醛)=3.0∶1.0,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的3.0%,甲苯为带水剂,反应时间1.5 h的优化条件下,苯甲醛缩乙二醇收率可达92.1%。     

单质碘催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

报道了以单质碘为催化剂,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇反应合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。系统考察了醛醇物质量比,催化剂用量,以及反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。确定的适宜工艺条件为n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.8,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.3%,带水剂环己烷8mL,反应时间1.0h。在此反应条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达84.9%.     

硅钨酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以硅钨酸为催化剂,对以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明:硅钨酸是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,较系统地研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。最佳反应条件为:n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶2.1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间60min。上述条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达83.9%。     

以浓硫酸改性煤基活性炭为固体酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以浓硫酸改性煤基活性炭为催化剂,以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究.较系统的研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产率的影响.实验结果表明:最佳反应条件为:n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶2.3,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.27%,8.0 mL环己烷为带水剂,反应时间70.0 min,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率可达85.4%.该固体酸重复使用4次催化活性基本不变.     

SO42-/TiO2-La2O3催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以稀土改性固体超强酸SO42 -/TiO2 La2 O3 为催化剂 ,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇反应合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛 ,探讨了SO42 -/TiO2 La2 O3 对缩醛反应的催化活性 ,较系统地研究了醇醛物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明 :SO42 -/TiO2 La2 O3 是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂 ,在n(醇 )∶n(醛 ) =2 .0∶ 1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 0 .5 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 5 0min的优化条件下 ,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率可达 90 %。     

H4SiW12O40-PAn催化剂催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

报道了以自制的H4SiW12 O40 (硅钨酸 ) -PAn (聚苯胺 )为催化剂 ,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。实验表明 :合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛适宜反应条件为 :n(苯甲醛 ) /n(乙二醇 ) =1 /2 .0 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 1 .0 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 1 .0h。上述条件下 ,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达 86.7% .     

SiO_2负载全氟磺酸树脂催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

将回收全氟磺酸离子交换膜制成全氟磺酸树脂溶液,用溶胶-凝胶法得到全氟磺酸树脂/二氧化硅复合催化剂,并用FTIR、DSC-TGA、BET对其进行表征。将该催化剂用于合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,考察了物料量比、反应时间、催化剂用量对苯甲醛与乙二醇反应的影响规律,最佳反应条件为n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.8、催化剂用量为反应物总质量的6%、环己烷为带水剂、反应时间1.0 h时,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率达82.41%。     

H3PW12O40/SiO2催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以二氧化硅负载磷钨酸(H3PW12O40/SiO2)为催化剂,苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。探讨H3PW12O40/SiO2对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响。实验表明:H3PW12O40/SiO2是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂;在n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂用量占反应物量总质量的0.8%,环己烷为带水剂8mL,反应时间45min的最佳条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达60.6%。     

光固化环氧丙烯酸酯涂料的改性进展

二氧化硅负载磷钨酸(H3PW12O40/SiO2)为催化剂,苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。探讨H3PW12O40/SiO2对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响。实验表明:H3PW12O40/SiO2是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂;在n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂用量占反应物量总质量的0.8%,环己烷为带水剂8mL,反应时间45min的最佳条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达60.6%。     

磷钨钼杂多酸掺杂聚苯胺催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以磷钨钼杂多酸掺杂聚苯胺为催化剂,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇反应合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。系统考察了醛醇物质量比,催化剂用量,以及反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。确定的适宜工艺条件为n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.4,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.8%,带水剂环己烷12 mL,反应时间45 m in。在此反应条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达79.0%。该催化剂具有用量少、反应时间短、催化活性高、无环境污染等优点。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。